GS108T Smart Switch
Hardware Installation
Guide
NETGEAR, Inc.
4500 Great America Parkway
Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA
202-10248-01
March 2007
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
•
•
Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that which the receiver is connected.
Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
EU Statement of Compliance
The NETGEAR GS108T Gigabit Smart Switch is compliant with the following EU Council Directives: 89/336/EEC and
LVD 73/23/EEC. Compliance is verified by testing to the following standards: EN55022 Class A, EN55024 and
EN60950-1.
Note: This is a Class A product. In a domestic environment, this product may cause radio interference, in which case the
user may be required to take appropriate measures.
Canadian Department of Communications Radio Interference Regulations
This digital apparatus (NETGEAR GS108T Gigabit Smart Switch) does not exceed the Class A limits for radio-noise
emissions from digital apparatus as set out in the Radio Interference Regulations of the Canadian Department of
Communications.
Règlement sur le brouillage radioélectrique du ministère des Communications
Cet appareil numérique (NETGEAR GS108T Gigabit Smart Switch) respecte les limites de bruits radioélectriques visant
les appareils numériques de classe A prescrites dans le Règlement sur le brouillage radioélectrique du ministère des
Communications du Canada.
Customer Support
For assistance with installing and configuring your NETGEAR system or for questions or problems following
installation:
•
•
Call Technical Support in North America at 1-888-NETGEAR. If you are outside North America, please refer to
the phone numbers listed on the Support Information Card that was included with your switch.
•
•
Email Technical Support at [email protected].
Defective or damaged merchandise can be returned to your point-of-purchase representative.
Internet/World Wide Web
NETGEAR maintains a World Wide Web home page that you can access at the uniform resource locator (URL)
http://www.NETGEAR.com. A direct connection to the Internet and a Web browser such as Internet Explorer or Netscape
are required.
FCC Requirements for Operation in the United States
FCC Information to User
This product does not contain any user-serviceable components and is to be used with approved antennas only. Any
product changes or modifications will invalidate all applicable regulatory certifications and approvals
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FCC Guidelines for Human Exposure
This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment. This equipment
should be installed and operated with a minimum distance of 20 cm between the radiator and your body. This transmitter
must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter.
FCC Declaration Of Conformity
We, NETGEAR, Inc., 4500 Great America Parkway, Santa Clara, CA 95054, declare under our sole responsibility that
the model GS108T: ProSafe™ 24 Port 10/100 Smart Switch with 4 Gigabit Ports and 24 Port PoE complies with Part 15
of FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: a) This device may not cause harmful interference
and b) This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation."
Product and Publication Details
Model Number:
GS108T
Publication Date:
Product Family:
March 2007
Smart Switch
GS108T Gigabit Smart Switch
Business
Product Name:
Home or Business Product:
Language:
English
Publication Part Number:
202-10248-01
Publication Version Number: 1.0
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Contents
About This Manual
Conventions, Formats, and Scope ...................................................................................vii
How to Use This Manual .................................................................................................viii
Chapter 1
Package Contents ..........................................................................................................1-4
Front and Back Panels .............................................................................................2-1
10/100/1000 Mbps RJ-45 Ports ...............................................................................2-2
Reset Button ............................................................................................................2-3
Restore Factory Defaults Button ..............................................................................2-4
Applications
Installation
Step 3: Checking the Installation ....................................................................................4-2
Step 4: Connecting Devices to the Switch ......................................................................4-2
Step 5: Applying Power ..................................................................................................4-3
Step 6: Switching Management Through a Web Browser or Utility Program (Initial
Configuration) .................................................................................................................4-4
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Appendix A
Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting Chart ............................................................................................. A-1
Additional Troubleshooting Suggestions ....................................................................... A-2
Appendix B
Power Supply ................................................................................................... B-2
Physical Specifications ..................................................................................... B-2
Environmental Specifications ............................................................................ B-2
Electromagnetic Emissions .............................................................................. B-2
Electromagnetic Immunity ................................................................................ B-3
Safety ............................................................................................................... B-3
Appendix C
Glossary
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About This Manual
®
The NETGEAR GS108T Smart Switch™ Hardware Installation Guide describes how to install,
configure, and troubleshoot the GS108T Gigabit Smart Switch. The information in this manual is
intended for readers with intermediate computer and Internet skills.
Conventions, Formats, and Scope
The conventions, formats, and scope of this manual are described in the following paragraphs:
•
Typographical Conventions. This manual uses the following typographical conventions:
Italics
Bold
Emphasis, books, CDs, file and server names, extensions
User input, IP addresses, GUI screen text
Command prompt, CLI text, code
URL links
Fixed
italics
•
Formats. This manual uses the following formats to highlight special messages:
Note: This format is used to highlight information of importance or special interest.
Tip: This format is used to highlight a procedure that will save time or resources.
Warning: Ignoring this type of note may result in a malfunction or damage to the
equipment.
Danger: This is a safety warning. Failure to take heed of this notice may result in
personal injury or death.
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GS108T Smart Switch Hardware Installation Guide
•
Scope. This manual is written for the GS108T Smart Switch according to these specifications:
Product Version
GS108T Gigabit Smart Switch
March 2007
Manual Publication Date
.
Note: Product updates are available on the NETGEAR, Inc. website at
How to Use This Manual
The HTML version of this manual includes the following:
•
Buttons
and
for browsing forwards or backwards through the manual one page
at a time.
•
A
button that displays the table of contents and a
button. Double-click on a link
in the table of contents or index to navigate directly to where the topic is described in the
manual.
•
•
A
model.
button to access the full NETGEAR, Inc. online knowledge base for the product
Links to PDF versions of the full manual and individual chapters.
How to Print this Manual
To print this manual, choose one of the following options:
•
Printing a Page from HTML. Each page in the HTML version of the manual is dedicated to
a major topic. Select File > Print from the browser menu to print the page contents.
•
Printing from PDF. Your computer must have the free Adobe Acrobat reader installed in
order to view and print PDF files. The Acrobat reader is available on the Adobe Web site at
–
Printing a PDF Chapter.
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•
•
Click the PDF of This Chapter link at the top left of any page in the chapter you want
to print. The PDF version of the chapter you were viewing opens in a browser
window.
Click the print icon in the upper left of your browser window.
–
Printing a PDF version of the Complete Manual.
•
Click the Complete PDF Manual link at the top left of any page in the manual. The
PDF version of the complete manual opens in a browser window.
•
Click the print icon in the upper left of your browser window.
Tip: If your printer supports printing two pages on a single sheet of paper, you can
save paper and printer ink by selecting this feature.
Revision History
Version
Number
Part Number
Date
Description
202-10248-01 1.0
March 2007 Product created
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Chapter 1
Introduction
Congratulations on your purchase of the NETGEAR GS108T Gigabit Smart Switch! Your
NETGEAR Switch is a state-of-the-art, high-performance, IEEE-compliant network solution
designed for users who require a large number of ports and want the power of Gigabit connectivity
to eliminate bottlenecks, boost performance, and increase productivity. There are 8 twisted-paired
ports on the front panel of the switch which support non-stop 10/100/1000 networks. To simplify
installation, the switch is shipped ready for use out of the box.
This chapter serves as the introduction for using your NETGEAR GS108T Gigabit Smart Switch
and provides the following information:
•
•
•
Overview
Switch Features
Package contents
Overview
Your NETGEAR GS108T Gigabit Smart Switch provides 8 twisted-pair ports that support 10/100/
1000 Megabit link speed. Using these Gigabit slots, you can create high-speed connections to a
server or network backbone. For example, you can:
•
Connect switches to each other with high-speed links
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GS108T Smart Switch Hardware Installation Guide
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•
Link to high-speed servers
Provide 10/100/1000 copper connectivity
Your GS108T Gigabit Smart Switch also provides the benefit of administrative management with
a complete package of features for the observation, configuration, and control of your network.
With a Web-based Graphical User Interface (GUI), the switch’s many capabilities can be viewed
and used in a simple and intuitive manner. There is also an easy to use switch management utility
that runs on a PC. The switch’s management features include configuration for port and switch
information, VLAN for traffic control, port trunking for increased bandwidth, and Class of Service
(CoS) for traffic prioritization. These features, and more, enable you better to understand and
control your network.
Your NETGEAR GS108T Gigabit Smart Switch can be free-standing or rack-mounted in a wiring
closet or equipment room. It is IEEE-compliant and offers low latency for high-speed networking.
It includes 8 auto-sensing 10/100/1000 Ethernet ports. All ports can automatically negotiate to the
highest speed. This capability makes the switch ideal for environments that have a mix of Ethernet,
Fast Ethernet, and Gigabit Ethernet devices. In addition, all 10/100/1000 Mbps ports operate in
half- or full-duplex mode, increasing the maximum bandwidth of each connection to either 20
Mbps, 200 Mbps, or 2000 Mbps, respectively. The maximum segment length is 328 feet (100
meters) over Category 5 unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) cable.
Features
The following list identifies the key features of the NETGEAR GS108T Gigabit Smart Switch.
•
•
•
•
Eight 10/100/1000 Mbps auto-sensing Gigabit-Ethernet switching ports
Reset Button
Factory Defaults Button
Administrative switch management
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
IEEE 802.1w Rapid Spanning tree
IEEE 802.1x Port Security
IEEE 802.1ab LLDP (Link Layer Discovery Protocol)
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)
IEEE 802.1Q Tag VLAN with up to 8 VIDs ranging in 2 to 4K
IEEE 802.1p QoS support, four priority queues per port
Port-based VLAN with up to 8 groups; any one port can belong to different VLAN groups
IEEE 802.3ad Link Aggregation support
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•
•
Embedded HTTP server for Web-based management
Supports port-setting function, enabling user to enable/disable each port, and set speed,
duplex mode and device flow control
•
Auto-Discovery support with application program for discovering and managing the smart
switches on the network
•
Flash upgrade, configuration backup/restore, and factory reset
•
Full compatibility with IEEE standards:
•
•
•
•
IEEE 802.3i (10BASE-T)
IEEE 802.3u (100BASE-TX)
IEEE 802.3z/ab (1000BASE-X, 1000Base-T)
IEEE 802.3x (full-duplex flow control)
•
•
•
•
•
•
Auto-sense and auto-negotiate for all ports
Auto Uplink™ on all ports for the right connection sense
Integrated address Look-Up Engine supports 8K absolute MAC addresses
Full- and half-duplex functions for all 10/100/1000 ports
Store-and-Forward transmission to remove bad packets from the network
Active flow control to minimize packet loss/frame drops:
•
•
Half-duplex back-pressure control
Full-duplex IEEE 802.3x pause frame flow control
•
•
LED indicators for port status monitoring:
•
•
Power LED indicates power on/off status
Link/Act LED indicates link status and activity
Flexible installation:
Standalone desktop installation
•
Introduction
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GS108T Smart Switch Hardware Installation Guide
Package Contents
Figure 1-1 shows the package contents of the NETGEAR GS108T Gigabit Smart Switch.
Figure 1-1Package Contents
Verify that your package contains the following:
•
•
•
•
•
•
GS108T Gigabit Smart Switch.
Rubber footpads for tabletop installation.
External power supply.
Wall mounting screws (2).
Installation guide.
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•
Smart Switch Resource CD. This includes the Smart Wizard Discovery Utility and Hardware
manual. The CD also provides a link to the Software Admin manual (the GS108T Smart
Switch Software User Manual).
•
Warranty/Support Information Card.
If any item is missing or damaged, contact your point-of-purchase representative immediately.
Introduction
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Chapter 2
Physical Description
This chapter describes the hardware features of the NETGEAR GS108T Gigabit Smart Switch.
Topics include:
•
•
•
•
•
Front and back panels
10/100/1000 Mbps auto-sensing RJ-45 ports
LED descriptions
Factory defaults button
Front and Back Panels
Figure 2-1 and Figure 2-2 show the key components on the front and back panels of the
NETGEAR GS108T Gigabit Smart Switch.
Figure 2-1 GS108T Gigabit Smart Switch—Front Panel
Figure 2-2 GS108T Gigabit Smart Switch—Rear Panel
The front panel contains RJ-45 jacks with LEDs. The rear panel has a DC jack for accommodating
the power adapter.
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10/100/1000 Mbps RJ-45 Ports
The 8 10/100/1000 Mbps, auto-sensing RJ-45 ports of the GS108T Gigabit Smart Switch are seen
in Figure 2-1. When you insert a cable into one of these ports, the switch automatically determines
the maximum speed (10 or 100 or 1000 Mbps) and the mode (half- or full-duplex) of the attached
device. All ports support only unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) cable with an 8-pin RJ-45 plug
connection.
To simplify the procedure for attaching devices, all RJ-45 ports support Auto Uplink. This
technology enables you to attach devices to the RJ-45 ports using either straight-through or
crossover cables. When you insert a cable into one of these ports, the switch automatically:
•
Detects whether the combination of attached device and network cable (normal or crossover)
requires a normal connection (such as when connecting the port to a PC) or an uplink
connection (such as when connecting the port to a router, switch, or hub).
•
Configures the RJ-45 port to enable communications with the attached device without user
intervention.
LED Descriptions
The front panel of the NETGEAR GS108T Gigabit Smart Switch comprises LEDs that provide a
concise display of link, port speed, and activity. The following table summarizes the function of
these LEDs.
Table 2-1. Front Panel LEDs
Label
Color
Activity
Description
n/a
Off
No 100Mbps link is established on the
port
Green
Green
On - Solid
A valid 100Mbps link is established on
the port
100Mbps Link / ACT LED
(Left LED)
On - Blinking Packets transmission or reception is
occurring on the port, linked at
100Mbps mode
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Table 2-1. Front Panel LEDs (continued)
n/a
Off
On - Solid
No 10Mbps link is established on the
port
Green
Green
A valid 10Mbps link is established on
the port
10Mbps Link / ACT LED
(Right LED)
On - Blinking Packets transmission or reception is
occurring on the port, linked at 10Mbps
mode
n/a
Off
No 1000Mbps link is established on the
port
Green
Green
On - Solid
A valid 1000Mbps link is established on
the port
1000Mbps Link / ACT LED
(Both LEDs)
occurring on the port, linked at
1000Mbps mode
Reset Button
The Reset button of the GS108T triggers a hardware reset of the switch. Figure 2-3 shows its
location on the front panel. This action is equivalent to switching the unit power off and back on.
The last saved configuration is loaded into the switch as it resets. To operate the reset button, insert
a device such as a paper clip into the opening to press the recessed button. The front-panel LEDs
should extinguish and light again as the switch performs its Power On Self Test (POST).
Physical Description
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Figure 2-3 Reset Button of the GS108T Gigabit Smart Switch
Restore Factory Defaults Button
The Restore Factory Default button of the GS108T Smart Switch enables you to clear the current
settings and return the switch to its factory default configuration. This function clears all settings,
including the password, VLAN settings, and port configurations. To perform this operation, insert
a device such as a paper clip into the opening to press the recessed button.
2-4
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Figure 2-4 Restore Factory Defaults Button of the GS108T Gigabit Smart Switch
Physical Description
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Chapter 3
Applications
Your NETGEAR GS108T Gigabit Smart Switch is designed to provide flexibility in configuring
your network connections. It can be used as your only network traffic-distribution device or with
added 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps, 10/100 Mbps, and 1000 Mbps hubs and switches. This chapter shows
how the switch can be used in a network environment.
Desktop Switching
Your NETGEAR GS108T Gigabit Smart Switch can be used as a desktop switch in a small
network that gives users 1000 Mbps access to a file server. With full-duplex mode enabled, the
switch port connected to the server or PC can provide 2000 Mbps throughput.
Figure 3-1 Example of Desktop Switching
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Chapter 4
Installation
This chapter describes the installation procedures for your NETGEAR GS108T Gigabit Smart
Switch. Switch installation involves the following steps:
1. Preparing the site
2. Applying footpads and wall mounting
3. Checking the installation
4. Connecting devices to the switch
5. Applying power
6. Switching management through a Web Browser or Utility Program (initial configuration)
Step 1: Preparing the Site
Before you install your switch, ensure that your operating environment meets the environmental
requirements in Table 4-1.
Table 4-1. Site Requirements
Characteristics
Requirements
Mounting
Installations
Desktop: provide a flat table or shelf surface
Wall-mount: select a location (see “Access”). You also need the mounting
screws supplied with your switch.
Access
Locate the switch in a position that lets you access the front panel RJ-45
ports, view the front panel LEDs, and access power connector.
Power source
Provide a power adapter (included)a. Ensure that the AC outlet is not
controlled by a wall switch, which can accidentally turn off power to the outlet
and the switch.
a. Power specifications for the switch are shown in Appendix B, “Technical Specifications”
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GS108T Smart Switch Hardware Installation Guide
Step 2: Applying Footpads and Wall Mounting
1. Attach one rubber foot pad into each of the four concave depressions on the base of the switch.
(The switch ships with four self-adhesive rubber footpads.)
Note: These footpads cushion the switch against shock and vibration. They also provide
for ventilation space between stacked switches.
2. To mount the switch on a wall (optional), install the two provided screws in positions that
correspond to the slots on the bottom side of the GS108T, then mount the switch.
Step 3: Checking the Installation
Before you apply power, inspect the equipment thoroughly to:
•
•
Verify that all cables are installed correctly.
Check that cables are not damaged and that cable routing does not interfere with equipment to
create a safety hazard.
•
Ensure that all equipment is mounted properly and securely.
Step 4: Connecting Devices to the Switch
The following procedure describes how to connect devices to the switch’s RJ-45 ports. Your
NETGEAR GS108T Gigabit Smart Switch contains Auto Uplink technology, which enables you
to attach devices using either straight-through or crossover cables.
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Figure 4-1 Connecting Devices to the Switch
Connect each device to an RJ-45 network port on the switch’s front panel (see Figure 4-1) using a
Category 5 (Cat5) unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) cable with RJ-45 connectors.
Note: Ethernet specifications limit the cable length between the switch and the attached
device to 100 m (328 ft.).
Step 5: Applying Power
Because the NETGEAR GS108T Gigabit Smart Switch has no ON/OFF switch, AC power must
be controlled by means of the power adapter. Select an appropriate unswitched, grounded AC
facility outlet so as to avoid any future inadvertent power interruptions. Use the following
procedure to apply AC power:
1. Connect the female end of the supplied IEC AC power adapter cable to the power receptacle
on the back of the switch.
2. Connect the AC power adapter cable to the DC jack.
When you apply power, the green Power LED on the switch front panel illuminates.
Installation
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.
Note: If the Power LED does not light, check that the power cable is installed correctly
and that the AC power supply is present. If this does not resolve the problem, refer
to Appendix A, “Troubleshooting”.
Step 6: Switching Management Through a Web Browser or
Utility Program (Initial Configuration)
Your NETGEAR GS108T Gigabit Smart Switch has embedded management software for viewing,
changing, and monitoring its activity and configuration. You need not use this management
software for it to function as a simple switch. However, the management software enables you to
set up advanced features such as VLANs and Trunking and also enables you to configure the
switch for improved efficiency and performance. As a result, you can improve the overall
performance of your network.
After you power-up the switch for the first time, you can configure it using a Web browser or a
utility program called Smartwizard Discovery. For more information about managing the switch,
see the User Manual on the Smart Switch Resource CD.
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Appendix A
Troubleshooting
This chapter provides information about troubleshooting the NETGEAR GS108T Gigabit Smart
Switch. Information is supplied as:
•
•
Additional troubleshooting suggestions
Troubleshooting Chart
Table A-1 lists symptoms, causes, and solutions of possible problems.
Table A-1. Troubleshooting Chart
Symptom
Cause
Solution
Power LED is off
No power is received
Check the power cord connections for the switch at
the switch and the connected device
Make sure all cables used are correct and comply
with Ethernet specifications.
Link/ACT LED is off
Port connection is not
working
Check the crimp on the connectors and make sure
that the plug is properly inserted and locked into the
port at both the switch and the connecting device.
Make sure all cables used are correct and comply
with Ethernet specifications. See Appendix D.
Check for a defective adapter card, cable, or port by
testing them in an alternate environment where all
products are functioning.
File transfer is slow or
performance
degradation is a
problem
Half- or full-duplex
Make sure the attached device is set to auto
negotiate.
setting on the switch
and the connected
device are not the same
Troubleshooting
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Table A-1. Troubleshooting Chart (continued)
Symptom
Cause
Solution
A segment or device is One or more devices
not recognized as part of are not properly
Verify that the cabling is correct. Be sure all
connectors are securely positioned in the required
ports. Equipment may have been accidentally
the network
connected, or cabling
does not meet Ethernet disconnected
guidelines
Link/ACT LED is
A network loop
Break the loop by ensuring that there is only one path
flashing continuously on (redundant path) has
all connected ports and been created
the network is disabled
from any networked device to any other networked
device
Additional Troubleshooting Suggestions
If the suggestions in Table A-1 do not resolve your problem, refer to the troubleshooting
suggestions in this section.
Network Adapter Cards
Ensure that the network adapter cards installed in the PCs are in working condition and their most
recent software drivers have been installed.
Configuration
If problems occur after altering the network configuration, restore the original connections and
attempt to isolate the problem by implementing the most-recent changes, one step at a time. Make
sure that cable distances, repeater limits, and other physical aspects of the installation do not
exceed the Ethernet specification limitations.
Switch Integrity
If required, verify the integrity of the switch by resetting it. To do this, use the Reset button (see
Chapter 2, “Physical Description”) or remove AC power from the switch and then reapply it. If the
problem persists, contact NETGEAR technical support. In North America, call 1-888-NETGEAR.
If you are outside of North America, please refer to the support information card included with
your product.
A-2
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Appendix B
Technical Specifications
This appendix provides technical specifications for the NETGEAR GS108T Gigabit Smart
Switch.
Network Protocol and Standards Compatibility
IEEE 802.3 10BASE-T
IEEE 802.3u 100BASE-TX
IEEE 802.3ab 1000BASE-T
IEEE 802.3z 1000Base-X
IEEE 802.3x flow control
Management
IEEE 802.1w Rapid Spanning tree
IEEE 802.1x Port Security
IEEE 802.1ab LLDP (Link Layer Discovery Protocol)
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)
IEEE 802.1Q Static VLAN (Up to 256)
Port-based VLAN (Up to 8)
IEEE 802.1p Class of Service (CoS)
Port-based QoS (Port default priority; options: High/Normal/Low/Lowest)
Port Trunking - Manual as per IEEE802.3ad Link Aggregation
Port Monitoring
Interface
8 RJ-45 connectors for 10BASE-T, 100BASE-TX, and 1000BASE-T (Auto Uplink on all ports)
Technical Specifications
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LEDs
Per port (Gigabit): Speed/Link/Act
Per device: Power
Performance Specifications
Forwarding modes: Store-and-forward
Bandwidth: 16 Gbps
Network latency: Less than 20 microseconds for 64-byte frames in store-and-forward mode for
100 Mbps to 100 Mbps transmission
Buffer memory: 128 KB embedded memory per unit
Address database size: 8,000 media access control (MAC) addresses per system
Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF): 108,016 hours (~12 years)
Power Supply
Power Consumption: 12 W maximum
100–240VAC/50–60 Hz universal input
Physical Specifications
Dimensions (H x W x D): 25.9 mm (1.02") x 235.5 mm (9.27") x 440 x 100.8 mm (3.97")
Weight: 0.69 kg (1.52 lbs)
Environmental Specifications
Operating temperature: 0 to 50°C (32 to 122°F)
Storage temperature: -20 to 70°C (28 to 158°F)
Operating humidity: 90% maximum relative humidity, non-condensing
Storage humidity: 95% maximum relative humidity, non-condensing
Operating altitude: 3,000 m (10,000 ft.) maximum
Storage altitude: 3,000 m (10,000 ft.) maximum
Electromagnetic Emissions
CE mark, commercial
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Appendix C
Glossary
Table C-1. Glossary
10BASE-T
The IEEE specification for 10 Mbps Ethernet over Category 3, 4, or 5
twisted-pair cable.
100BASE-FX
100BASE-TX
The IEEE specification for 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet over fiber-optic cable.
The IEEE specification for 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet over Category 5 twisted-
pair cable.
1000BASE-SX
1000BASE-T
The IEEE specification for 1000 Mbps Gigabit Ethernet over fiber-optic
cable.
The IEEE specification for 1000 Mbps Gigabit Ethernet over Category 5
twisted-pair cable.
Auto-negotiation
A feature that allows twisted-pair ports to advertise their capabilities for
speed, duplex mode and flow control. When connected to a port that also
supports auto-negotiation, the link can automatically configure itself to the
optimum setup.
Auto Uplink™
A feature that allows twisted-pair ports to sense if a normal (MDI-X) or
uplink (MDI) connection is necessary and make the right link. It adjusts for
straight-through or crossover cables.
Backbone
Bandwidth
The part of a network used as a primary path for transporting traffic between
network segments.
The information capacity, measured in bits per second that a channel could
transmit. Bandwidth examples include 10 Mbps for Ethernet, 100 Mbps for
Fast Ethernet, and 1000 Mbps (I Gbps) for Gigabit Ethernet.
Baud
The signaling rate of a line, that is, the number of transitions (voltage or
frequency changes) made per second. Also known as line speed.
Class of Service
A term to describe treating different types of traffic with different levels of
service priority. Higher priority traffic gets faster treatment during times of
switch congestion
Collision
A term used to describe two colliding packets in an Ethernet network.
Collisions are a part of normal Ethernet operation, but a sudden prolonged
increase in the number of collisions can indicate a problem with a device,
particularly if it is not accompanied by a general increase in traffic.
Endstation
Glossary
A computer, printer, or server that is connected to a network.
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Table C-1. Glossary
Ethernet
A LAN specification developed jointly by Xerox, Intel and Digital Equipment
Corporation. Ethernet networks transmit packets at a rate of 10 Mbps.
Fast Ethernet
Gigabit Ethernet
Fault isolation
An Ethernet system that is designed to operate at 100 Mbps.
An Ethernet system that is designed to operate at 1000 Mbps (1 Gbps).
A technique for identifying and alerting administrators about connections
(such as those associated with switch ports) that are experiencing
congestion or failure, or exceeding an administrator-defined threshold.
Forwarding
Filtering
The process of sending a packet toward its destination using a networking
device.
The process of screening a packet for certain characteristics, such as
source address, destination address, or protocol. Filtering is used to
determine whether traffic is to be forwarded, and can also prevent
unauthorized access to a network or network devices.
Flow control
A congestion- control mechanism. Congestion is caused by devices
sending traffic to already overloaded port on a switch. Flow control prevents
packet loss and temporarily inhibits devices from generating more traffic
until the period of congestion ends.
Full-duplex
Half-duplex
IEEE
A system that allows packets to be transmitted and received at the same
time and, in effect, doubles the potential throughput of a link.
A system that allows packets to transmitted and received, but not at the
same time. Contrast with full duplex.
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. This American organization
was founded in 1963 and sets standards for computers and
communications.
IETF
Internet Engineering Task Force. An organization responsible for providing
engineering solutions for TCP/IP networks. In the network management
area, this group is responsible for the development of the SNMP protocol.
IP
Internet Protocol. IP is a layer 3 network protocol that is the standard for
sending data through a network. IP is part of the TCP/IP set of protocols
that describe the routing of packets to addressed devices.
IP address
Internet Protocol address. A unique identifier for a device attached to a
network using TCP/IP. The address is written as four octets separated with
periods (full-stops), and is made up of a network section, an optional subnet
section and a host section.
LAN
Local Area Network. A network of endstations (such as PCs, printers,
servers) and network devices (hubs and switches) that cover a relatively
small geographic area (usually not larger than a floor or building).
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Table C-1. Glossary
Loop
An event that occurs when two network devices are connected by more
than one path, thereby causing packets to repeatedly cycle around the
network and not reach their destination.
MAC
Media Access Control. A protocol specified by the IEEE for determining
which devices have access to a network at any one time.
MAC address
Media Access Control address; also called hardware or physical address.
Most devices that connect to a LAN have a MAC address assigned to them,
as they are used to identify other devices in a network.
Port monitoring
Port speed
The ability to monitor the traffic passing through a port on a device to
analyze network characteristics and perform troubleshooting.
The speed that a port on a device uses to communicate with another device
or the network.
Port trunking
The ability to combine multiple ports on a device to create a single, high-
bandwidth connection.
Protocol
A set of rules for communication between devices on a network.
Quality of Service
A term to describe delay, throughput, bandwidth, and other factors that
measure the service quality provided to a user.
Segment
SNMP
A section of a LAN that is connected to the rest of the network using a
switch, bridge, or repeater.
Simple Network Management Protocol. An IETF standard protocol for
managing devices on a TCP/IP network.
Switch
A device that interconnects several LANs to form a single logical LAN that
comprises of several LAN segments. Switches are similar to bridges, in that
they connect LANs of a different type; however they connect more LANs
than a bridge and are generally more sophisticated.
TCP/IP
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. This is the name for two of
the most well-known protocols developed for the interconnection of
networks. Originally a UNIX standard, TCP/IP is now supported on almost
all platforms, and is the protocol of the Internet.
TCP relates to the content of the data traveling through a network —
ensuring that the information sent arrives in one piece when it reaches its
destination.
IP relates to the address of the endstation to which data is being sent, as
well as the address of the destination network.
Traffic prioritization
VLAN
Giving time-critical data traffic a higher quality of service over other, non-
critical data traffic.
Virtual LAN. A logical association that allows users to communicate as if
they were physically connected to a single LAN, independent of the actual
physical configuration of the network.
Glossary
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