GPS 10
TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATIONS
Garmin International, Inc.
1200 E. 151st Street
Olathe, KS 66062 USA
190-00516-00, Revision B
February 2005
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.1 Cautions ............................................................................................................................................1
1.2 Limited Warranty..............................................................................................................................2
1.4 Features.............................................................................................................................................3
1.4.1 GPS 10 Wireless Receiver...................................................................................................................... 4
1.5 Technical Specifications ...................................................................................................................5
1.5.1 Physical Characteristics.......................................................................................................................... 5
1.5.1.1 Size............................................................................................................................................... 5
1.5.1.2 Weight.......................................................................................................................................... 5
1.5.1.3 Color............................................................................................................................................. 5
1.5.1.4 Case Material................................................................................................................................ 5
1.5.2 Electrical Characteristics ........................................................................................................................ 5
1.5.2.1 Input Voltage................................................................................................................................ 5
1.5.2.2 Input Current ................................................................................................................................ 5
1.5.2.3 Battery .......................................................................................................................................... 5
1.5.2.4 Battery Charger ............................................................................................................................ 5
1.5.2.5 GPS Receiver Sensitivity.............................................................................................................. 5
1.5.3 Environmental Characteristics................................................................................................................ 5
1.5.3.1 Operating Temperature Range...................................................................................................... 5
1.5.3.2 Battery Charging Temperature Range .......................................................................................... 5
1.5.3.3 Storage Temperature .................................................................................................................... 5
1.5.4 GPS Performance ................................................................................................................................... 6
1.5.4.1 Receiver........................................................................................................................................ 6
1.5.4.2 Acquisition Times ........................................................................................................................ 6
1.5.4.3 Update Rate.................................................................................................................................. 6
1.5.4.4 Accuracy....................................................................................................................................... 6
1.5.5 Interfaces ................................................................................................................................................ 6
1.5.5.1 GPS 10 Electrical Characteristics................................................................................................. 6
1.5.5.2 Garmin Interface........................................................................................................................... 6
1.5.5.3 GPS 10 Protocol ........................................................................................................................... 6
2 Mechanical Characteristics & Mounting...................................................................7
3 GPS 10 Software Interface..........................................................................................8
3.1 Received NMEA 0183 Sentences .....................................................................................................8
3.1.1 Almanac Information (ALM) ................................................................................................................. 8
3.1.2 Sensor Initialization Information (PGRMI)............................................................................................ 9
3.1.3 Sensor Configuration Information (PGRMC)......................................................................................... 9
3.1.4 Additional Sensor Configuration Information (PGRMC1)....................................................................10
3.1.5 Output Sentence Enable/Disable (PGRMO)..........................................................................................10
3.2 Transmitted NMEA 0183 Sentences...............................................................................................11
3.2.1 Sentence Transmission Rate..................................................................................................................11
3.2.2 Transmitted Time ..................................................................................................................................12
3.2.3 Global Positioning System Almanac Data (ALM) ................................................................................12
3.2.4 Global Positioning System Fix Data (GGA)..........................................................................................12
3.2.5 GPS DOP and Active Satellites (GSA) .................................................................................................13
3.2.6 GPS Satellites in View (GSV)...............................................................................................................13
3.2.7 Recommended Minimum Specific GPS/TRANSIT Data (RMC)..........................................................13
3.2.8 Track Made Good and Ground Speed (VTG)........................................................................................13
3.2.9 Geographic Position (GLL)...................................................................................................................14
190-00516-00
GPS 10 Technical Specifications
Rev. B
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3.3 Baud Rate Selection........................................................................................................................15
File Menu.........................................................................................................................................................26
Config Menu....................................................................................................................................................26
Appendix E: Host System Considerations………………...…………………………..28
PIN Code…………………………………………………………..…………………………………………..28
LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES
Figure 2. GPS 10 Operational Characteristics................................................................................................ 7
Table 1: NMEA 0183 Output Sentence Order and Size............................................................................... 11
190-00516-00
GPS 10 Technical Specifications
Rev. B
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1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 CAUTIONS
CAUTION
The GPS system is operated by the government of the United States, which is solely responsible for its
accuracy and maintenance. Although the GPS 10 is a precision electronic NAVigation AID (NAVAID),
any NAVAID can be misused or misinterpreted, and therefore become unsafe. Use these products at your
own risk. To reduce the risk, carefully review and understand all aspects of these Technical Specifications
before using the GPS 10. When in actual use, carefully compare indications from the GPS to all available
navigation sources including the information from other NAVAIDs, visual sightings, charts, etc. For safety,
always resolve any discrepancies before continuing navigation.
FCC
Compliance
The GPS 10 complies with Part 15 of the FCC interference limits for Class B digital devices FOR HOME
OR OFFICE USE. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference
in a residential installation, and are more stringent than “outdoor” requirements.
Operation of this device is subject to the following conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful
interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may
cause undesired operation.
This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in
accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there
is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause
harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off
and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
•
•
•
Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is
connected.
•
Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
The GPS 10 does not contain any user-serviceable parts. Unauthorized repairs or modifications could result
in permanent damage to the equipment, and void your warranty and your authority to operate this device
under Part 15 regulations.
190-00516-00
GPS 10 Technical Specifications
Rev. B
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1.2 LIMITED WARRANTY
This Garmin product is warranted to be free from defects in materials or workmanship for one year from
the date of purchase. Within this period, Garmin will at its sole option repair or replace any components
that fail in normal use. Such repairs or replacement will be made at no charge to the customer for parts or
labor, provided that the customer shall be responsible for any transportation cost. This warranty does not
cover failures due to abuse, misuse, accident, or unauthorized alteration or repairs.
THE WARRANTIES AND REMEDIES CONTAINED HEREIN ARE EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF
ALL OTHER WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, INCLUDING ANY
LIABILITY ARISING UNDER ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE. THIS WARRANTY GIVES YOU
SPECIFIC LEGAL RIGHTS, WHICH MAY VARY FROM STATE TO STATE.
IN NO EVENT SHALL GARMIN BE LIABLE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, WHETHER RESULTING FROM THE USE, MISUSE, OR
INABILITY TO USE THIS PRODUCT OR FROM DEFECTS IN THE PRODUCT. Some states do not
allow the exclusion of incidental or consequential damages, so the above limitations may not apply to you.
Garmin retains the exclusive right to repair or replace the unit or software or offer a full refund of the
purchase price at its sole discretion. SUCH REMEDY SHALL BE YOUR SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE
REMEDY FOR ANY BREACH OF WARRANTY.
To obtain warranty service, contact your local Garmin authorized dealer or call Garmin Product Support at
one of the numbers listed below for shipping instructions and an RMA tracking number. The unit should be
securely packed with the tracking number clearly written on the outside of the package. The unit should
then be sent, freight charges prepaid, to any Garmin warranty service station. A copy of the original sales
receipt is required as the proof of purchase for warranty repairs.
Garmin International, Inc.
1200 E 151st Street, Olathe, Kansas 66062 U.S.A.
Tel. 913/397.8200 or 800/800.1020
Fax. 913/397.8282
Garmin (Europe) Ltd.
Unit 5, The Quadrangle, Abbey Park Industrial Estate, Romsey, SO51 9DL U.K.
Tel. 44/0870.8501241
Fax 44/0870.8501251
Online Auction Purchases: Products sold through online auctions are not eligible for rebates or other
special offers from Garmin. Online auction confirmations are not accepted for warranty verification. To
obtain warranty service, an original or copy of the sales receipt from the original retailer is required.
Garmin will not replace missing components from any package purchased through an online auction.
International Purchases: A separate warranty is provided by international distributors for units purchased
outside the United States. This warranty is provided by the local in-country distributor and this distributor
provides local service for your unit. Distributor warranties are only valid in the area of intended
distribution. Units purchased in the United States or Canada must be returned to the Garmin service center
in the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, or Taiwan for service.
190-00516-00
GPS 10 Technical Specifications
Rev. B
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1.3 OVERVIEW
The GPS 10 product is a GPS receiver with WAAS capability, a rechargeable lithium-ion battery, integral
magnetic base and Bluetooth wireless technology capability. Based on the proven technology found in
other Garmin 12-channel GPS receivers, the GPS 10 tracks up to 12 satellites at a time while providing fast
time-to-first-fix, one-second navigation updates, and low power consumption. This generation of GPS
sensors adds the capability of FAA Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) differential GPS. The GPS
10’s far-reaching capability meets the sensitivity requirements of land navigation as well as the dynamics
requirements of high-performance aircraft.
The GPS 10 design uses the latest technology and high-level circuit integration to achieve superior
performance while minimizing space and power requirements. All critical components of the system
including the GPS RF/IF receiver hardware and the GPS digital baseband are designed and manufactured
by Garmin to ensure the quality and capability of the GPS. The hardware capability combined with
software intelligence makes the GPS 10 easy to integrate and use for laptop/tablet PC, PDA, and smart
phone applications by incorporating a Class 2 Bluetooth module within the unit.
The GPS 10 product is designed to withstand rugged operating conditions and is waterproof to IEC 60529
IPX7, immersion in 1 meter of water for 30 minutes. This complete GPS receiver requires no additional
components to be supplied by an OEM or system integrator. An internal rechargeable lithium-ion battery
and 12 VDC charging adapter are provided with the receiver. The only requirement is a clear view of the
GPS satellites. Internal FLASH memory allows the GPS to retain critical data such as satellite orbital
parameters, last-known position, date and time. End user interfaces such as keyboards and displays are the
responsibility of the application designer.
1.4 FEATURES
•
•
•
•
Integrated Bluetooth (Class 2) wireless technology module for communication with a mobile
device.
12-channel GPS receiver tracks and uses up to 12 satellites for fast, accurate positioning and low
power consumption.
Differential DGPS capability using real-time WAAS corrections yielding position errors of less
than 3 meters.
Compact, rugged design ideal for applications with minimal space. Receiver position information
can be displayed directly on a chartplotter or laptop/tablet PC, PDA, or smart phone with
Bluetooth wireless technology capability.
•
User initialization is not required. Once installed, unit automatically produces navigation data after
position fix is acquired.
•
•
•
User-configurable navigation mode (2-dimensional or 3-dimensional fix).
Configurable for binary format carrier phase data output.
FLASH-based program and non-volatile memory. New software revisions available through Web
site download. Non-volatile memory does not require battery backup.
•
•
•
On-board rechargeable main power battery to maintain the real-time clock
The real-time clock can run for up to 2 months after the main battery enters a low battery mode.
Configurable parameters include expected position, current time and date, preferred position fix
type (2D, 3D, or automatic), and velocity filter time constant (none, automatic, or your choice
between 2 and 255 seconds).
•
Magnetic mount for attachment to ferrous surfaces. Velcro adhesive backed patch for non-
magnetic surfaces.
•
•
Includes 12 VDC Cigarette Lighter Charging Adapter.
Waterproof design allows continuous exposure to the prevailing weather conditions at most
locations.
•
Auto Power On Mode: When in the Off mode and connected to a switched 12 V DC external
power source, the GPS 10 automatically turns On when external power is turned on. (example: a
cigarette lighter controlled by the vehicle ignition switch.)
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GPS 10 Technical Specifications
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1.4.1 GPS 10 Wireless Receiver
The GPS 10 uses Bluetooth wireless technology to interface with a mobile device (Computer/PDA) that is
Bluetooth wireless technology enabled.
Class 2 Bluetooth device with power control capability based on the Bluetooth System Specification,
Version 1.1. The supported profile is Serial Profile (SSP).
Accessories provided with the GPS 10:
•
•
Velcro Mounting Patch (Not shown)
12 VDC Cigarette Lighter Charging Adapter (010-10412-00)
12 VDC Charging Adapter
Optional Accessories:
•
Suction Cup Windshield Mount
(010-10616-00)
•
110-115 V AC Charging Adapter
(010-10413-00)
Suction Cup Mount
AC Charging Adapter
Power Plug Specifications for charging the GPS 10 from user provided power source: 5 VDC (Range 4.8 to
5.5 VDC @ 600 mA)
Power Plug Dimensions
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GPS 10 Technical Specifications
Rev. B
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1.5 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Specifications are subject to change without notice.
1.5.1 Physical Characteristics
1.5.1.1 Size
45 mm wide, 88 mm long and 19 mm in height.
1.5.1.2 Weight
80.0 grams
1.5.1.3 Color
Black w/Gray Accents
1.5.1.4 Case Material
Polycarbonate thermoplastic case that is waterproof to IEC 60529 IPX7 level (immersion in 1
meter of water for 30 minutes)
1.5.2 Electrical Characteristics
1.5.2.1 Input Voltage
4.8–6.5 V
1.5.2.2 Input Current
500mA @ 5.0 V
1.5.2.3 Battery
•
•
•
Capacity:
900 mAHr
Charging rate: Approx. 3 Hrs
Operating time: Approx. 12 Hours with WAAS enabled.
1.5.2.4 Battery Charger
The included Cigarette Lighter Adapter (320-00187-00) can be used to charge the GPS 10’s internal battery
or an AC Wall Charger (362-00028-00) can be purchased separately to charge the battery.
•
•
Input
10 to 30 V AC
Output
4.9 to 5.25 V DC @ 1.0 A
1.5.2.5 GPS Receiver Sensitivity
-165 dBW minimum
1.5.3 Environmental Characteristics
1.5.3.1 Operating Temperature Range
•
-30°C to + 60°C Powered from external supply
•
-10°C to +60°C Powered by internal batteries
1.5.3.2 Battery Charging Temperature Range
5°C to 45°C
(Outside this temperature range, battery charging is not possible)
1.5.3.3 Storage Temperature
-40°C to +90°C
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1.5.4 GPS Performance
1.5.4.1 Receiver
WAAS Enabled™; 12 parallel channel GPS receiver continuously tracks and uses up to 12
satellites to compute and update your position.
1.5.4.2 Acquisition Times
•
•
•
Reacquisition: Less than 2 seconds
Warm:
Cold:
Approx. 15 seconds (all data known)
Approx. 45 seconds (initial position, time, and almanac known; ephemeris
unknown)
•
•
AutoLocate®: 5 minutes (almanac known; initial position and time unknown)
SkySearch: 5 minutes (no data known)
1.5.4.3 Update Rate
1 record per second
1.5.4.4 Accuracy
•
•
•
GPS Standard Positioning Service (SPS)
Position:
Velocity:
< 15 meters, 95% typical
0.1 knot RMS steady state
WAAS
Position:
Velocity:
< 3 meters, 95% typical
0.1 knot RMS steady state
Dynamics:
dynamics
999 knots velocity (only limited at altitude greater than 60,000 feet), 6g
1.5.5 Interfaces
1.5.5.1 GPS 10 Electrical Characteristics
•
Communicate with Host Platform via Bluetooth Serial Profile
•
Typical Range: up to 32 feet (10 meters)
1.5.5.2 Garmin Interface
Refer to the Garmin Device Interface Specification for specific information about the Garmin
Protocol. The document is located on the Garmin Web site at http://www.garmin.com/support/
concerning access to raw pseudo-range and carrier phase data from the GPS 10.
1.5.5.3 GPS 10 Protocol
•
•
•
•
NMEA 0183 Version 2.0 or NMEA 0183 Version 2.30 (Version 2.0 is factory default,
programmable by data field 7 of the PGRMC1 sentence described in Section 3.1.4 Additional
Available NMEA 0183 output sentences include GPALM, GPGGA, GPGSA, GPGSV, GPRMC,
GPVTG, GPGLL, PGRME, PGRMF, PGRMT, PGRMV, and PGRMB (Garmin proprietary
Configuration and initialization is accomplished with NMEA 0183 input sentences. Allows
initialization of information such as expected position, date, time, earth datum, and differential
Configurable for binary data output including GPS carrier phase data.
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2
MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS & MOUNTING
The unit contains an integrated magnetic mount and a Velcro patch for mounting on non-ferrous surfaces.
The following drawings show example geometry for mounting hardware in case you wish to design your
own custom mount. Figure 1 shows the mounting footprint. Figure 2 shows operational characteristics of
the GPS 10.
Figure 1. GPS 10 Bottom Case Dimensions
Figure 2. GPS 10 Operational Characteristics
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3
GPS 10 SOFTWARE INTERFACE
The interface protocol design of the GPS 10 product is based on the National Marine Electronics
Association’s NMEA 0183 ASCII interface specification. This standard is fully defined in NMEA 0183,
In addition to the standard NMEA 0183 sentences, the GPS 10 may also be configured to transmit
information over their serial interface using NMEA 0183 compliant Garmin proprietary sentences. These
proprietary sentences begin with the characters, “$PGRM”, instead of the characters “$G” that are typical
of the standard NMEA 0183 sentences. The characters “$P” indicate that the sentence is a proprietary
implementation and the characters and “GRM” indicate that it is Garmin’s proprietary sentence. The letter
(or letters) that follow the characters “$PGRM” uniquely identifies that particular Garmin proprietary
sentence.
It is also possible to configure the GPS 10 to transmit binary phase data information over their serial
The following sections describe the NMEA 0183 data format of each sentence transmitted and received by
the GPS 10 product.
3.1 RECEIVED NMEA 0183 SENTENCES
The following paragraphs define the sentences that can be received on the GPS sensor’s port. Null fields in
the configuration sentence indicate no change in the particular configuration parameter. All sentences
received by the GPS sensor must be terminated with <CR><LF>, the ASCII characters for carriage return
(0D hexadecimal) and line feed (0A hexadecimal). The checksum *hh is used for parity checking data and
is not required, but is recommended for use in environments containing high electromagnetic noise. It is
generally not required in normal PC environments. When used, the parity bytes (hh) are the ASCII
representation of the exclusive-or (XOR) sum of all the characters between the “$” and “*” characters, non-
inclusive. The hex representation must be a capital letter, such as 3D instead of 3d. Sentences may be
truncated by <CR><LF> after any data field and valid fields up to that point will be acted on by the sensor.
3.1.1 Almanac Information (ALM)
The $GPALM sentence can be used to initialize the GPS sensor’s stored almanac information in the
unlikely event of non-volatile memory loss or after storing longer than six months without tracking GPS
satellites.
$GPALM,<1>,<2>,<3>,<4>,<5>,<6>,<7>,<8>,<9>,<10>,<11>,<12>,<13>,<14>,<15>*hh<CR><LF>
<1>
<2>
Total number of ALM sentences to be transmitted by the GPS sensor during almanac download.
This field can be null or any number when sending almanac to the GPS sensor.
Number of current ALM sentence. This field can be null or any number when sending almanac
to the GPS sensor.
<3>
<4>
<5>
<6>
<7>
<8>
<9>
Satellite PRN number, 01 to 32
GPS week number
SV health, bits 17-24 of each almanac page
Eccentricity
Almanac reference time
Inclination angle
Rate of right ascension
<10> Root of semi major axis
<11> Omega, argument of perigee
<12> Longitude of ascension node
<13> Mean anomaly
<14> af0 clock parameter
<15> af1 clock parameter
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3.1.2 Sensor Initialization Information (PGRMI)
The $PGRMI sentence provides information used to initialize the GPS sensor’s set position and time used
for satellite acquisition. Receipt of this sentence by the GPS sensor causes the software to restart the
satellite acquisition process. If there are no errors in the sentence, it will be echoed upon receipt. If an error
is detected, the echoed PGRMI sentence will contain the current default values. Current PGRMI defaults
(with the exception of the Receiver Command, which is a command rather than a mode) can also be
obtained by sending $PGRMIE to the GPS sensor.
$PGRMI,<1>,<2>,<3>,<4>,<5>,<6>,<7>*hh<CR><LF>
<1>
<2>
<3>
<4>
<5>
<6>
<7>
Latitude, ddmm.mmm format (leading zeros must be transmitted)
Latitude hemisphere, N or S
Longitude, dddmm.mmm format (leading zeros must be transmitted)
Longitude hemisphere, E or W
Current UTC date, ddmmyy format
Current UTC time, hhmmss format
Receiver Command, A = Auto Locate, R = Unit Reset
3.1.3 Sensor Configuration Information (PGRMC)
The $PGRMC sentence provides information used to configure the GPS sensor’s operation. Configuration
parameters are stored in non-volatile memory and retained between power cycles. The GPS sensor will
echo this sentence upon its receipt if no errors are detected. If an error is detected, the echoed PGRMC
sentence will contain the current default values. Current default values can also be obtained by sending
$PGRMCE to the GPS sensor.
$PGRMC,<1>,<2>,<3>,<4>,<5>,<6>,<7>,<8>,<9>,<10>,<11>,<12>,<13>,<14>*hh<CR><LF>
<1>
Fix mode, A = automatic, 2 = 2D exclusively (host system must supply altitude),
3 = 3D exclusively
<2>
<3>
Altitude above/below mean sea level, -1500.0 to 10000.0 meters
Earth datum index. If the user datum index (96) is specified, fields <4> through <8> must
contain valid values. Otherwise, fields <4> through <8> must be null. Refer to Appendix A:
User earth datum semi-major axis, 6360000.000 to 6380000.000 meters (.001 meters
resolution)
User earth datum inverse flattening factor, 285.0 to 310.0 (10-9 resolution)
User earth datum delta x earth centered coordinate, -5000.0 to 5000.0 meters (1 meter
resolution)
<4>
<5>
<6>
<7>
<8>
<9>
User earth datum delta y earth centered coordinate, -5000.0 to 5000.0 meters (1 meter
resolution)
User earth datum delta z earth centered coordinate, -5000.0 to 5000.0 meters (1 meter
resolution)
Differential mode, A = automatic (output DGPS data when available, non-DGPS otherwise), D
= differential exclusively (output only differential fixes)
<10> NMEA 0183 Baud rate, 1 = 1200, 2 = 2400, 3 = 4800, 4 = 9600, 5 = 19200, 6 = 300, 7 = 600
<11> Velocity filter, 0 = No filter, 1 = Automatic filter, 2-255 = Filter time constant (e.g., 10 = 10
second filter)
<12> Not used
<13> Not used
<14> Dead reckoning valid time 1-30 (sec)
All configuration changes take effect after receipt of a valid value except baud rate. Baud rate change takes
effect on the next power cycle or an external reset even.
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3.1.4 Additional Sensor Configuration Information (PGRMC1)
The $PGRMC1 sentence provides additional information used to configure the GPS sensor operation.
Configuration parameters are stored in non-volatile memory and retained between power cycles. The GPS
sensor will echo this sentence upon its receipt if no errors are detected. If an error is detected, the echoed
PGRMC1 sentence will contain the current default values. Current default values can also be obtained by
sending $PGRMC1E to the GPS sensor.
$PGRMC1,<1>,<2>,<3>,<4>,<5>,<6>,<7>,<8>,<9>,<10>,<11>,<12>*hh<CR><LF>
<1>
<2>
<3>
<4>
<5>
<6>
<7>
<8>
<9>
NMEA 0183 output time 1-900 (sec)
Binary Phase Output Data, 1 = Off, 2 = On.
Automatic Position Averaging when Stopped, 1 = Off, 2 = On
No Effect (DGPS beacon frequency – 0.0, 283.5 – 325.0 kHz in 0.5 kHz steps)
No Effect (DGPS beacon bit rate – 0, 25, 50, 100, or 200 bps)
No Effect (DGPS beacon scanning, 1 = Off, 2 = On)
NMEA 0183 version 2.30 mode indicator, 1 = Off, 2 = On
DGPS mode, W = WAAS Only, N = None (DGPS disabled)
Power Save Mode for GPS, P = Power Save mode, N = Normal
<10> Adaptive Transmission Enabled, 1 = Off, 2 = On
<11> Auto Power Off, 1 = Off, 2 = On
<12> Power On with External Charger, 1 = Off, 2 = On
Configuration changes take effect immediately, with the exception of Binary Phase Output Data, which
takes effect on the next power cycle or a reset event. A reset can be commanded by sending the sentence
“$PGRMI,,,,,,,R” (refer to Section 3.1.2 Sensor Initialization Information (PGRMI)). If the GPS sensor is
in the Binary data mode, it is necessary to send the following eight-byte data stream to temporarily change
the data format to NMEA 0183. Then follow by sending a PGRMC1 sentence that turns off the Binary
Phase Output Data format:
10 0A 02 26 00 CE 10 03 (Hexadecimal)
3.1.5 Output Sentence Enable/Disable (PGRMO)
The $PGRMO sentence provides the ability to enable and disable specific output sentences. The following
sentences are enabled at the factory: GPGGA, GPGSA, GPGSV, GPRMC, and PGRMT.
$PGRMO,<1>,<2>*hh<CR><LF>
<1>
<2>
Target sentence description (e.g., PGRMT, GPGSV, etc.)
Target sentence mode, where:
0 = disable specified sentence
1 = enable specified sentence
2 = disable all output sentences
3 = enable all output sentences (except GPALM)
4 = restore factory default output sentences
The following notes apply to the PGRMO input sentence:
1. If the target sentence mode is ‘2’ (disable all), ‘3’ (enable all), or ‘4’ (restore defaults), the target
sentence description is not checked for validity. In this case, an empty field is allowed (e.g.,
$PGRMO,,3), or the mode field may contain from 1 to 5 characters.
2. If the target sentence mode is ‘0’ (disable) or ‘1’ (enable), the target sentence description field must be
an identifier for one of the sentences that can be output by the GPS sensor.
3. If either the target sentence mode field or the target sentence description field is not valid, the PGRMO
sentence will have no effect.
4. $PGRMO,GPALM,1 will cause the GPS sensor to transmit all stored almanac information. All other
NMEA 0183 sentence transmission will be suspended temporarily.
5. $PGRMO,,G will cause the COM port to change to Garmin Data Transfer format for the duration of
the power cycle. The Garmin mode is required for GPS 10 series product software updates.
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.
3.2 TRANSMITTED NMEA 0183 SENTENCES
The subsequent paragraphs define the sentences that can be transmitted by the GPS 10.
3.2.1 Sentence Transmission Rate
Sentences are transmitted with respect to the user selected baud rate.
The GPS sensor will transmit each sentence (except where noted in particular transmitted sentence
descriptions) at a periodic rate based on the user selected baud rate and user selected output sentences. The
GPS sensor will transmit the selected sentences contiguously. The length of the transmission can be
determined by the following equation and Tables 2 and 3:
total characters to be transmitted
length of transmission
=
---------------------------------------------
characters transmitted per second
Sentence
GPRMC
GPGGA
GPGSA
GPGSV
PGRME
GPGLL
GPVTG
PGRMV
PGRMF
PGRMB
PGRMT
Output by Default?
Maximum Characters
✔
✔
✔
✔
✔
74
82
66
70
35
44
42
32
82
40
50
✔
Once per minute
Table 1: NMEA 0183 Output Sentence Order and Size
Baud
300
600
Characters per Second
30
60
1200
2400
4800
9600
19200
38400
120
240
480
960
1920
3840
Table 2: Characters per Second for Available Baud Rates
The maximum number of fields allowed in a single sentence is 82 characters including delimiters. Values
in the table include the sentence start delimiter character “$” and the termination delimiter <CR><LF>. The
factory set defaults will result in a once per second transmission at the NMEA 0183 specification
transmission rate of 4800 baud.
Regardless of the selected baud rate, the information transmitted by the GPS sensor is referenced to the
one-pulse-per-second output pulse immediately preceding the GPRMC sentence, or whichever sentence is
output first in the burst (see Table 2 above).
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3.2.2 Transmitted Time
The GPS sensor outputs UTC (Coordinated Universal Time) date and time of day in the transmitted
sentences. Before the initial position fix, the on-board clock provides the date and time of day. After the
initial position fix, the date and time of day are calculated using GPS satellite information and are
synchronized with the one-pulse-per-second output.
The GPS sensor uses information obtained from the GPS satellites to add or delete UTC leap seconds and
correct the transmitted date and time of day. The transmitted date and time of day for leap second
correction follow the guidelines in National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 432
(Revised 1990). This document is for sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
Office, Washington, D.C., 20402, U.S.A.
When a positive leap second is required, one second is inserted at the beginning of the first hour (0h 0m 0s)
of the day that the positive leap is occurring. The minute containing the leap second is 61 seconds long. The
GPS sensor would have transmitted this information for the leap second added December 31, 1998 as
follows:
$GPRMC,235959,A,3851.3651,N,09447.9382,W,000.0,221.9,071103,003.3,E*69
$GPRMC,000000,A,3851.3651,N,09447.9382,W,000.0,221.9,081103,003.3,E*67
$GPRMC,000000,A,3851.3651,N,09447.9382,W,000.0,221.9,081103,003.3,E*67
$GPRMC,000001,A,3851.3651,N,09447.9382,W,000.0,221.9,081103,003.3,E*66
If a negative leap second should be required, one second will be deleted at the end of some UTC month.
The minute containing the leap second will be only 59 seconds long. In this case, the GPS sensor will not
transmit the time of day 0h 0m 0s (the “zero” second) for the day from which the leap second is removed.
$GPRMC,235959,A,3851.3650,N,09447.9373,W,000.0,000.0,111103,003.3,E*69
$GPRMC,000001,A,3851.3650,N,09447.9373,W,000.0,000.0,121103,003.3,E*6A
$GPRMC,000002,A,3851.3650,N,09447.9373,W,000.0,000.0,121103,003.3,E*69
3.2.3 Global Positioning System Almanac Data (ALM)
Almanac sentences are not normally transmitted. Almanac transmission can be initiated by sending the
GPS sensor a $PGRMO,GPALM,1 command. Upon receipt of this command, the GPS sensor will transmit
available almanac information on GPALM sentences. During the transmission of almanac sentences, other
NMEA 0183 data output will be suspended temporarily.
$GPALM,<1>,<2>,<3>,<4>,<5>,<6>,<7>,<8>,<9>,<10>,<11>,<12>,<13>,<14>,<15>*hh<CR><LF>
3.2.4 Global Positioning System Fix Data (GGA)
$GPGGA,<1>,<2>,<3>,<4>,<5>,<6>,<7>,<8>,<9>,M,<10>,M,<11>,<12>*hh<CR><LF>
<1>
<2>
<3>
<4>
<5>
<6>
UTC time of position fix, hhmmss format
Latitude, ddmm.mmmm format (leading zeros will be transmitted)
Latitude hemisphere, N or S
Longitude, dddmm.mmmm format (leading zeros will be transmitted)
Longitude hemisphere, E or W
GPS quality indication, 0 = fix not available, 1 = Non-differential GPS fix available, 2 =
Differential GPS (DGPS) fix available, 6 = Estimated
Number of satellites in use, 00 to 12 (leading zeros will be transmitted)
Horizontal dilution of precision, 0.5 to 99.9
<7>
<8>
<9>
Antenna height above/below mean sea level, -9999.9 to 99999.9 meters
<10> Geoidal height, -999.9 to 9999.9 meters
<11> Differential GPS (RTCM SC-104) data age, number of seconds since last valid RTCM
transmission (null if not an RTCM DGPS fix)
<12> Differential Reference Station ID, 0000 to 1023 (leading zeros will be transmitted, null if not an
RTCM DGPS fix)
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3.2.5 GPS DOP and Active Satellites (GSA)
$GPGSA,<1>,<2>,<3>,<3>,<3>,<3>,<3>,<3>,<3>,<3>,<3>,<3>,<3>,<3>,<4>,<5>,<6>*hh<CR><LF>
<1>
<2>
<3>
Mode, M = manual, A = automatic
Fix type, 1 = not available, 2 = 2D, 3 = 3D
PRN number, 01 to 32, of satellite used in solution, up to 12 transmitted (leading zeros will be
transmitted)
<4>
<5>
<6>
Position dilution of precision, 0.5 to 99.9
Horizontal dilution of precision, 0.5 to 99.9
Vertical dilution of precision, 0.5 to 99.9
3.2.6 GPS Satellites in View (GSV)
$GPGSV,<1>,<2>,<3>,<4>,<5>,<6>,<7>,...<4>,<5>,<6>,<7>*hh<CR><LF>
<1>
<2>
<3>
<4>
<5>
<6>
<7>
Total number of GSV sentences to be transmitted
Number of current GSV sentence
Total number of satellites in view, 00 to 12 (leading zeros will be transmitted)
Satellite PRN number, 01 to 32 (leading zeros will be transmitted)
Satellite elevation, 00 to 90 degrees (leading zeros will be transmitted)
Satellite azimuth, 000 to 359 degrees, true (leading zeros will be transmitted)
Signal to noise ratio (C/No) 00 to 99 dB, null when not tracking (leading zeros will be
transmitted)
NOTE: Items <4>,<5>,<6>, and <7> repeat for each satellite in view to a maximum of four (4) satellites
per sentence. Additional satellites in view information must be sent in subsequent bursts of NMEA 0183
data. These fields will be null if unused.
3.2.7 Recommended Minimum Specific GPS/TRANSIT Data (RMC)
$GPRMC,<1>,<2>,<3>,<4>,<5>,<6>,<7>,<8>,<9>,<10>,<11>,<12>*hh<CR><LF>
<1>
<2>
<3>
<4>
<5>
<6>
<7>
<8>
<9>
UTC time of position fix, hhmmss format
Status, A = Valid position, V = NAV receiver warning
Latitude, ddmm.mmmm format (leading zeros will be transmitted)
Latitude hemisphere, N or S
Longitude, dddmm.mmmm format (leading zeros will be transmitted)
Longitude hemisphere, E or W
Speed over ground, 000.0 to 999.9 knots (leading zeros will be transmitted)
Course over ground, 000.0 to 359.9 degrees, true (leading zeros will be transmitted)
UTC date of position fix, ddmmyy format
<10> Magnetic variation, 000.0 to 100.0 degrees (leading zeros will be transmitted)
<11> Magnetic variation direction, E or W (westerly variation adds to true course)
<12> Mode indicator (only output if NMEA 0183 version 2.30 active), A = Autonomous,
D = Differential, E = Estimated, N = Data not valid
3.2.8 Track Made Good and Ground Speed (VTG)
$GPVTG,<1>,T,<2>,M,<3>,N,<4>,K,<5>*hh<CR><LF>
<1>
<2>
<3>
<4>
<5>
True course over ground, 000 to 359 degrees (leading zeros will be transmitted)
Magnetic course over ground, 000 to 359 degrees (leading zeros will be transmitted)
Speed over ground, 000.0 to 999.9 knots (leading zeros will be transmitted)
Speed over ground, 0000.0 to 1051.8 kilometers per hour (leading zeros will be transmitted)
Mode indicator (only output if NMEA 0183 version 2.30 active), A = Autonomous,
D = Differential, E = Estimated, N = Data not valid
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3.2.9 Geographic Position (GLL)
$GPGLL,<1>,<2>,<3>,<4>,<5>,<6>,<7>*hh<CR><LF>
<1>
<2>
<3>
<4>
<5>
<6>
<7>
Latitude, ddmm.mmmm format (leading zeros will be transmitted)
Latitude hemisphere, N or S
Longitude, dddmm.mmmm format (leading zeros will be transmitted)
Longitude hemisphere, E or W
UTC time of position fix, hhmmss format
Status, A = Valid position, V = NAV receiver warning
Mode indicator (only output if NMEA 0183 version 2.30 active), A = Autonomous,
D = Differential, E = Estimated, N = Data not valid
3.2.10 Estimated Error Information (PGRME)
$PGRME,<1>,M,<2>,M,<3>,M*hh<CR><LF>
<1>
<2>
<3>
Estimated horizontal position error (HPE), 0.0 to 999.9 meters
Estimated vertical position error (VPE), 0.0 to 999.9 meters
Estimated position error (EPE), 0.0 to 999.9 meters
3.2.11 GPS Fix Data Sentence (PGRMF)
$PGRMF,<1>,<2>,<3>,<4>,<5>,<6>,<7>,<8>,<9>,<10>,<11>,<12>,<13>,<14>,<15>*hh<CR><LF>
<1>
<2>
<3>
<4>
<5>
<6>
<7>
<8>
<9>
GPS week number (0 - 1023)
GPS seconds (0 - 604799)
UTC date of position fix, ddmmyy format
UTC time of position fix, hhmmss format
GPS leap second count
Latitude, ddmm.mmmm format (leading zeros will be transmitted)
Latitude hemisphere, N or S
Longitude, dddmm.mmmm format (leading zeros will be transmitted)
Longitude hemisphere, E or W
<10> Mode, M = manual, A = automatic
<11> Fix type, 0 = no fix, 1 = 2D fix, 2 = 3D fix
<12> Speed over ground, 0 to 1051 kilometers/hour
<13> Course over ground, 0 to 359 degrees, true
<14> Position dilution of precision, 0 to 9 (rounded to nearest integer value)
<15> Time dilution of precision, 0 to 9 (rounded to nearest integer value)
3.2.12 Sensor Status Information (PGRMT)
The Garmin Proprietary sentence $PGRMT gives information concerning the status of the GPS sensor.
This sentence is transmitted once per minute regardless of the selected baud rate.
$PGRMT,<1>,<2>,<3>,<4>,<5>,<6>,<7>,<8>,<9>*hh<CR><LF>
<1>
Product, model and software version (variable length field, e.g., “GPS 10 SW VER 2.01 BT
VER 1.27 764”)
<2>
<3>
<4>
<5>
<6>
<7>
<8>
<9>
ROM checksum test, P = pass, F = fail
Receiver failure discrete, P = pass, F = fail
Stored data lost, R = retained, L = lost
Real time clock lost, R = retained, L = lost
Oscillator drift discrete, P = pass, F = excessive drift detected
Data collection discrete, C = collecting, null if not collecting
GPS sensor temperature in degrees C
GPS sensor configuration data, R = retained, L = lost
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3.2.13 3D velocity Information (PGRMV)
$PGRMV,<1>,<2>,<3>*hh<CR><LF>
<1>
<2>
<3>
True east velocity, 514.4 to 514.4 meters/second
True north velocity, 514.4 to 514.4 meters/second
Up velocity, 999.9 to 9999.9 meters/second
3.2.14 DGPS Beacon Information (PGRMB)
NOTE: PGRMB is not supported at this time.
$PGRMB,<1>,<2>,<3>,<4>,<5>,K,<6>,<7>*hh<CR><LF>
<1>
<2>
<3>
<4>
<5>
<6>
Beacon tune frequency, 0.0, 283.5 – 325.0 kHz in 0.5 kHz steps
Beacon bit rate, 0, 25, 50, 100, or 200 bps
Beacon SNR, 0 to 31
Beacon data quality, 0 to 100
Distance to beacon reference station in kilometers
Beacon receiver communication status (0 = Check Wiring, 1 = No Signal, 2 = Tuning, 3 =
Receiving, 4= Scanning)
<7>
<8>
DGPS fix source (R = RTCM, W = WAAS, N = Non-DGPS Fix)
DGPS mode, A = Automatic, W = WAAS Only, R = RTCM Only, N = None (DGPS disabled)
3.3 BAUD RATE SELECTION
Baud rate selection can be performed by sending the appropriate configuration sentence to the GPS sensor
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APPENDIX A: EARTH DATUMS
The following is a list of the Garmin GPS 10 Earth datum indices and the corresponding earth datum name
(including the area of application):
0
ADINDAN - Ethiopia, Mali, Senegal, Sudan
AFGOOYE - Somalia
1
2
AIN EL ABD 1970 - Bahrain Island, Saudi Arabia
ANNA 1 ASTRO 1965 - Cocos Island
3
4
ARC 1950 - Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Swaziland, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
ARC 1960 - Kenya, Tanzania
5
6
ASCENSION ISLAND 1958 - Ascension Island
ASTRO BEACON “E” - Iwo Jima Island
AUSTRALIAN GEODETIC 1966 - Australia, Tasmania Island
AUSTRALIAN GEODETIC 1984 - Australia, Tasmania Island
ASTRO DOS 71/4 - St. Helena Island
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
10
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
ASTRONOMIC STATION 1952 - Marcus Island
ASTRO B4 SOROL ATOLL - Tern Island
BELLEVUE (IGN) - Efate and Erromango Islands
BERMUDA 1957 - Bermuda Islands
BOGOTA OBSERVATORY - Colombia
CAMPO INCHAUSPE - Argentina
CANTON ASTRO 1966 - Phoenix Islands
CAPE CANAVERAL - Florida, Bahama Islands
CAPE - South Africa
CARTHAGE - Tunisia
CHATHAM 1971 - Chatham Island (New Zealand)
CHUA ASTRO - Paraguay
CORREGO ALEGRE - Brazil
DJAKARTA (BATAVIA) - Sumatra Island (Indonesia)
DOS 1968 - Gizo Island (New Georgia Islands)
EASTER ISLAND 1967 - Easter Island
EUROPEAN 1950 - Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Gibraltar, Greece,
Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland
28
29
30
31
32
EUROPEAN 1979 - Austria, Finland, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland
FINLAND HAYFORD 1910 - Finland
GANDAJIKA BASE - Republic of Maldives
GEODETIC DATUM 1949 - New Zealand
ORDNANCE SURVEY OF GREAT BRITAIN 1936 - England, Isle of Man, Scotland,
Shetland Islands, Wales
33
34
35
GUAM 1963 - Guam Island
GUX 1 ASTRO - Guadalcanal Island
HJORSEY 1955 - Iceland
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36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
HONG KONG 1963 - Hong Kong
INDIAN - Bangladesh, India, Nepal
INDIAN - Thailand, Vietnam
IRELAND 1965 - Ireland
ISTS O73 ASTRO 1969 - Diego Garcia
JOHNSTON ISLAND 1961 - Johnston Island
KANDAWALA - Sri Lanka
KERGUELEN ISLAND - Kerguelen Island
KERTAU 1948 - West Malaysia, Singapore
L.C. 5 ASTRO - Cayman Brac Island
LIBERIA 1964 - Liberia
LUZON - Mindanao Island
LUZON - Phillippines (excluding Mindanao Island)
MAHE 1971 - Mahe Island
MARCO ASTRO - Salvage Islands
MASSAWA - Eritrea (Ethiopia)
MERCHICH - Morocco
MIDWAY ASTRO 1961 - Midway Island
MINNA - Nigeria
NORTH AMERICAN 1927 - Alaska
NORTH AMERICAN 1927 - Bahamas (excluding San Salvador Island)
NORTH AMERICAN 1927 - Central America (Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala,
Honduras, Nicaragua)
58
59
60
NORTH AMERICAN 1927 - Canal Zone
NORTH AMERICAN 1927 - Canada (including Newfoundland Island)
NORTH AMERICAN 1927 - Caribbean (Barbados, Caicos Islands, Cuba, Dominican
Republic, Grand Cayman, Jamaica, Leeward Islands, Turks Islands)
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
NORTH AMERICAN 1927 - Mean Value (CONUS)
NORTH AMERICAN 1927 - Cuba
NORTH AMERICAN 1927 - Greenland (Hayes Peninsula)
NORTH AMERICAN 1927 - Mexico
NORTH AMERICAN 1927 - San Salvador Island
NORTH AMERICAN 1983 - Alaska, Canada, Central America, CONUS, Mexico
NAPARIMA, BWI - Trinidad and Tobago
NAHRWAN - Masirah Island (Oman)
NAHRWAN - Saudi Arabia
NAHRWAN - United Arab Emirates
OBSERVATORIO 1966 - Corvo and Flores Islands (Azores)
OLD EGYPTIAN - Egypt
OLD HAWAIIAN - Mean Value
OMAN - Oman
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75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
PICO DE LAS NIEVES - Canary Islands
PITCAIRN ASTRO 1967 - Pitcairn Island
PUERTO RICO - Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands
QATAR NATIONAL - Qatar
QORNOQ - South Greenland
REUNION - Mascarene Island
ROME 1940 - Sardinia Island
RT 90 - Sweden
PROVISIONAL SOUTH AMERICAN 1956 - Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana,
Peru, Venezuela
84
SOUTH AMERICAN 1969 - Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana,
Paraguay, Peru, Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago
85
SOUTH ASIA - Singapore
86
PROVISIONAL SOUTH CHILEAN 1963 - South Chile
SANTO (DOS) - Espirito Santo Island
SAO BRAZ - Sao Miguel, Santa Maria Islands (Azores)
SAPPER HILL 1943 - East Falkland Island
SCHWARZECK - Namibia
87
88
89
90
91
SOUTHEAST BASE - Porto Santo and Madeira Islands
SOUTHWEST BASE - Faial, Graciosa, Pico, Sao Jorge, and Terceira Islands (Azores)
TIMBALAI 1948 - Brunei and East Malaysia (Sarawak and Sabah)
TOKYO - Japan, Korea, Okinawa
TRISTAN ASTRO 1968 - Tristan da Cunha
User defined earth datum
92
93
94
95
96
97
VITI LEVU 1916 - Viti Levu Island (Fiji Islands)
WAKE-ENIWETOK 1960 - Marshall Islands
WORLD GEODETIC SYSTEM 1972
WORLD GEODETIC SYSTEM 1984
ZANDERIJ - Surinam
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
CH-1903 - Switzerland
Hu - Tzu - Shan
Indonesia 74
Austria
Potsdam
Taiwan - modified Hu-Tzu-Shan
GDA - Geocentric Datum of Australia
Dutch
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APPENDIX B: BINARY PHASE OUTPUT FORMAT
In binary phase output mode, GPS 10 series products will transmit two types of packets once per second.
One record contains primarily post-process information such as position and velocity information. The
second record contains receiver measurement information. For the GPS 10, the records are sent at a default
baud rate of 9600 baud, 8 data bits, and no parity.
To turn these records on, use the $PGRMC1 NMEA sentence as described in Section 3.1.4.
Refer to the Garmin Device Interface Specification for details on how to form and parse Garmin packets.
At the time of this printing, these specs are available from the technical suppport section of our Web site at
For the GPS 10, the two records must be enabled independently by commands to the unit. The ID of each
command should be 10 decimal to signify that the record is a command. The data portion of the packet
should be one of the following:
Function
Command (base 10)
Position Record On
Position Record Off
49
50
Receiver Measurement Record On
Receiver Measurement Record Off
110
111
Note that the satellite data information is also enabled when the position record is enabled.
Records sent over RS232 begin with a delimiter byte (10 hex). The second byte identifies the record type
(33 hex for a position record, 34 hex for a receiver measurement and 72 hex for a satellite data record).
The third byte indicates the size of the data. The fourth byte is the first byte of data. The data is then
followed by a checksum byte, a delimiter byte (10 hex), and an end-of-transmission character (03 hex).
Additionally, any DLEs (0x10) that appear between the delimeters are escaped with a second DLE. There
is sample code at the end of this section that will strip off the DLEs and ETXs.
RS232 Packet:
- 0x10
(DLE is first byte)
- 0x##
(Record ID – single byte)
- 0x##
(Number of data bytes – single byte)
- data bytes
- 0x##
(See descriptions below)
(2’s complement of the arithmetic sum of the bytes between the delimiters)
- 0x10
(DLE)
- 0x03
(ETX is last byte)
USB packets contain only the record ID, size, and data payload. Refer to the Garmin Device Interface
Specification for details on how to form and parse Garmin USB packets. The document is located on the
Garmin Web site at http://www.garmin.com/support/ commProtocol.html.
USB Packet:
- 0x##
(Record ID – single byte)
- 0x##
(Number of data bytes – single byte)
(See descriptions below)
- data bytes
The data bytes of each packet contain the record specified by the record ID. A description of each record
follows.
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Satellite Data Record
The satellite data has a record ID of 0x72 with 84 (0x54) data bytes. The data bytes contain the data for the
12 channels as described below. For each satellite, the following data is available:
typedef struct
{
uint8
uint16
uint8
uint16
uint8
svid;
snr;
//space vehicle identification (1-32 and 33-64 for WAAS)
//signal-to-noise ratio
elev;
azmth;
status;
//satellite elevation in degrees
//satellite azimuth in degrees
//status bit-field
} cpo_sat_data;
The status bit field represents a set of booleans described below:
Bit
0
1
Meaning when bit is one (1)
The unit has ephemeris data for the specified satellite.
The unit has a differential correction for the specified satellite.
The unit is using this satellite in the solution.
2
This pattern is repeated for all 12 channels for a total of 12 X 7 bytes = 84 (0x54) bytes :
typedef struct
{
cpo_sat_data
cpo_sat_data
cpo_sat_data
cpo_sat_data
cpo_sat_data
cpo_sat_data
cpo_sat_data
cpo_sat_data
cpo_sat_data
cpo_sat_data
cpo_sat_data
cpo_sat_data
} cpo_all_sat_data
The RS-232 Packet for the Satellite Record looks like:
- 0x10
(DLE is first byte)
- 0x72
(Record ID – single byte)
(Number of data bytes – single byte)
- 0x54
- cpo_all_sat_data
- 0x##
(2’s complement of the arithmetic sum of the bytes between the delimiters)
- 0x10
(DLE)
- 0x03
(ETX is last byte)
The USB Packet for the Satellite Record looks like:
- 0x72
- 0x54
(Record ID – single byte)
(Number of data bytes – single byte)
-
cpo_all_sat_data
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Position Record
The Position Record has a record identifier of
typedef struct
{
float
float
float
float
int
alt;
epe;
eph;
epv;
fix;
double
double
double
float
float
float
float
int
gps_tow;
lat;
lon;
lon_vel;
lat_vel;
alt_vel;
msl_hght;
leap_sec;
grmn_days;
long
} cpo_pvt_data;
alt
Ellipsoid altitude (meters)
epe
Est pos error (meters)
eph
Pos err, horizontal (meters)
epv
Pos err, vertical (meters)
fix
gps_tow
lat
0 = no fix; 1 = no fix; 2 = 2D; 3 = 3D; 4 = 2D differential; 5 = 3D differential; 6 + = undefined
GPS time of week (sec)
Latitude (radians)
lon
Longitude (radians)
lon_vel
lat_vel
alt_vel
Longitude velocity (meters/second)
Latitude velocity (meters/second)
Altitude velocity (meters/second)
msl_hght Mean sea level height (meters)
leap_sec UTC leap seconds
grmn_days Garmin days (days since December 31, 1989)
Receiver Measurement Record
typedef struct
{
unsigned long
double
cycles;
pr;
unsigned int
char
unsigned char
char
phase;
slp_dtct;
snr_dbhz;
svid;
char
valid;
} cpo_rcv_sv_data;
typedef struct
{
double
int
rcvr_tow;
rcvr_wn;
cpo_rcv_sv_data sv[ 12 ];
} cpo_rcv_data;
rcvr_tow
rcvr_wn
cycles
pr
Receiver time of week (seconds)
Receiver week number
Number of accumulated cycles
Pseudorange (meters)
phase
To convert to (0 -359.999) multiply by 360.0 and divide by 2048.0
0 = no cycle slip detected; non-zero = cycle slip detected
Signal strength - db Hz
Satellite number (0–31, 19–138 for WAAS) Note: add 1 to offset to current svid numbers.
0 = information not valid; non-zero = information valid
slp_dtct
snr_dbhz
svid
valid
190-00516-00
GPS 10 Technical Specifications
Rev. B
Page 21
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DLE and ETX bytes:
Sample C code to receive the two records should filter DLE and ETX bytes as described below:
typedef enum
{
DAT,
DLE,
ETX
} rx_state_type;
/* Declare and initialize static variables */
static char
static int
in_que[ 256 ];
in_que_ptr = 0;
static rx_state_type rx_state = DAT;
.
.
.
void add_to_que( char data )
{
#define DLE_BYTE 0x10
#define ETX_BYTE 0x03
if ( rx_state == DAT )
{
if ( data == DLE_BYTE )
{
rx_state = DLE;
}
else
{
in_que[ in_que_ptr++ ] = data;
}
}
else if ( rx_state == DLE )
{
if ( data == ETX_BYTE )
{
rx_state = ETX;
}
else
{
rx_state = DAT;
in_que[ in_que_ptr++ ] = data;
}
}
else if ( rx_state == ETX )
{
if ( data == DLE_BYTE )
{
rx_state = DLE;
}
}
if ( in_que_ptr > 255 )
{
in_que_ptr = 0;
}
}
190-00516-00
GPS 10 Technical Specifications
Page 22
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APPENDIX C: GPS 10 AND WINDOWS SERIAL MOUSE ISSUE
Problem: It is possible for Windows to incorrectly interpret the NMEA 0183 output of the GPS 10 as the
output of a Microsoft Serial BallPoint Mouse. When that happens, Windows loads drivers for the Serial
BallPoint Mouse. This causes the cursor to move erratically about the display, clicking, right clicking,
double clicking, dragging and dropping displayed items as it goes. On Windows 2000 and Windows XP,
you may not experience the problem if you wait until after the computer is booted before connecting the
GPS 10 to the serial communications port. This problem is not specific to the GPS 10. Any NMEA 0183
device connected to a Windows computer’s serial port is likely to cause this problem. Below are several
possible solutions to this problem.
Note: If your GPS 10 came with Garmin nRoute™ Navigation Software, you will not have this problem
because the unit is programmed to produce data according to the binary format that is described in
If you wish to use a different navigation software application with your GPS 10, you will need to de-select
the “Phase Output Data” option that is discussed in Solution 3 below.
Solution 1: The easiest solution is to disable the Serial BallPoint mouse in the Device Manager. Of course,
this solution assumes that you do not need to use a Serial BallPoint mouse with your computer. When the
wild mouse problem occurs follow the steps below.
1. Unplug the DB9 connector.
2. Right-click on the My Computer icon on your desktop and select Properties to open the Device
Manager.
3. Go to the hardware tab of the resulting pop-up window and click on the Device Manager button.
4. Right-click on Serial BallPoint Mouse and choose the option to Disable (NOT uninstall) this device.
Solution 2: Do not plug the DB9 connector into the computer until the computer is turned on and the
operating system is completely booted up and running. Every time you use the GPS 10, you will need to
start the computer and operating system before making the connection between the GPS 10 PC and the
computer. This solution usually works on Windows 2000 and Windows XP computers.
Solution 3: Change the default output of the GPS 10 so that it does not automatically send NMEA 0183
data to the computer (change the default configuration to enable “Phase Output Data”). Use the Garmin
Sensor Configuration Software, named SNSRCFG.EXE, provided on the Web site to enable “Phase Output
Data.” SNSRCFG.EXE is included with the latest GPS 10 firmware.
Please note that by enabling “Phase Output Data,” the device will no longer appear as a NMEA 0183
device to your computer. As a result, mapping applications that expect to hear NMEA 0183 data will not
recognize your GPS 10 until you re-enable the NMEA 0183 output, disabling the “Phase Output Data” in
the process.
Sensor Configuration Software application.
After the Sensor Configuration Software is installed and running on your computer, follow the steps below
to change the default data output of the GPS 10.
1. Select the GPS 10 from the list of sensors and click OK.
The Sensor Configuration Software opens with the
default configuration file for the GPS 10, as shown on
the next page.
2. Select Config > Switch to NMEA Mode (or press the
F10 key).
3. Select Comm > Setup to open the Comm Setup
Window.
190-00516-00
GPS 10 Technical Specifications
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4. Select the Serial Port to which the GPS 10 is connected. Select
Auto to have the program automatically determine the Baud
Rate, or select Manual to manually select the Baud Rate of the
GPS 10. Click OK when done.
5. Click the Connect icon , or select Comm > Connect to
connect to the GPS 10.
6. To view the current
programming of the GPS 10,
select Config > Get
Configuration from GPS (or
press the F8 key). The current
programming of the GPS 10 is
displayed in the window, as
shown on the previous page.
7. Open the Sensor Configuration
Window by pressing the F6 key
or selecting Config > Sensor
Configuration.
8. Place a check mark in the box
next to “Binary Output Data” to
change the GPS 10 to Garmin
Mode. The unit will keep this
change in the programming until
you change it again in the
software.
Note: Selecting Config > Switch
to Garmin Mode (or pressing
the F11 key) only changes the
unit to work in Garmin Mode
until power is cycled through the
unit again. For a more permanent change,
refer to step 8 above.
9. Click OK when completed enabling
“Binary Output Data.”
10. When you are ready to upload the changes
into the GPS 10, select Config > Send
Configuration to GPS (or press the F9
key). The new configuration is then
loaded into the GPS 10.
11. You may disconnect and close the
software when finished. The software
configuration can also be saved for future
reference.
Refer to Appendix D: Sensor Configuration
Software for complete information about
downloading the Sensor Configuration
Software application.
190-00516-00
GPS 10 Technical Specifications
Rev. B
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APPENDIX D: SENSOR CONFIGURATION SOFTWARE
SNSRCFG configures the GPS sensors based on user-selected parameters. Some application features
include the ability to download GPS sensor configuration, maintain different configurations in files, and
perform GPS sensor configurations quickly with the use of one function key.
This section provides a brief overview of the Sensor Configuration Software. Refer to this section when
using the software to configure your Garmin sensor.
Downloading the Sensor Configuration Software
The Garmin Sensor Configuration Software (SNSRCFG.exe) is
available from the Garmin Web site. To download the software,
select Software Updates. The Garmin Sensor Configuration
Software (SNSRCFG.exe) is included in the software update
download.
Selecting a Model
After opening the program (snsrcfg.exe), the following screen
appears. Select the radio button next to the type of Garmin sensor
you are configuring.
Connecting to the Sensor
After selecting the type of sensor, the following window opens. This is the Main Interface Screen for the
program. To configure your sensor, you must first connect to the sensor.
1. Select Config > Switch to
NMEA Mode (or press the
F10 key).
2. Select Comm > Setup to
open the Comm Setup
Window.
3. Select the Serial Port to
which the sensor is
connected. Select Auto to
have the program
automatically determine the
Baud Rate, or select Manual
to manually select the Baud
Rate of the GPS 10. Click
OK when done.
4. Click the Connect icon , or
select Comm > Connect.
5. To view the current
programming of the sensor,
select Config > Get
Configuration from GPS (or
press the F8 key). The current
programming of the sensor is
displayed in the window
shown to the right.
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File Menu
The File Menu allows you to open, save, and print sensor configurations. The items in the File Menu work
like most Windows-based programs.
Comm Menu
The Comm (Communication) Menu allows you to set the port number, baud rate, and then connect and
disconnect from the sensor.
Setup: Opens the Comm Setup Window, shown to the left. Select
the Serial Port to which the sensor is connected from the drop-
down list. Then select Auto (the program determines the baud rate
on its own) or Manual (you then enter the baud rate) for the Baud
Rate entry.
Connect: Select Connect to connect to the sensor to change or
view the configuration.
Disconnect: Select Disconnect to disconnect from the sensor.
Config Menu
The Config (Configuration) Menu allows you
configure the sensor as it is connected.
Sensor Configuration (F6): Opens the Sensor
Configuration Window, shown to the right. Many
of the fields in this window should be left alone.
Please refer to the beginning of this manual for
clarification about some of these fields. For the
most part, this window is used to enter a new
Latitude, Longitude, and Altitude for the sensor.
This is especially helpful when you are
programming the sensor for use in a particular
geographic location.
Resetting the Unit (Reset Unit) performs a reset
on the unit, much like cycling the power.
Resetting the non-volatile memory (Reset
NonVol) will clear all of the data from the non-
volatile memory.
NMEA Sentence Selections (F7): Displays the
NMEA Sentence Selections Window. If the
sentence is enabled, a check mark appears in the
box to the left of the sentence name. Click the box
to enable or disable to the sentence.
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Get Configuration From GPS (F8): Retrieves the current programming from the sensor. The
programming is then displayed in the Main Interface Window.
Send Configuration To GPS (F9): Sends the changes you have made to the programming to the sensor.
Switch to NMEA Mode (F10): Switches the unit to NMEA Mode. The sensor must be in NMEA Mode
when connected to this software.
Switch to Garmin Mode (F11): Switches the unit to Garmin Mode.
Update Software (F12): After you have downloaded a new software version for the sensor, you can update
the sensor with the new software. Select Update Software and then select the file using the Open dialog
box. You must locate both the *.rgn file and the updater.exe file.
Do not attempt to update the GPS 10 software unless Bluetooth reception conditions are optimal. Devices
such as microwave ovens and 802.11b/g wireless networking gear can interfere with the Bluetooth link,
and may cause the software update to fail.
Note that, failed software update attempts are generally recoverable. If a software attempt fails, identify the
source of interference and try again.
View Menu
The View Menu allows you to view the NMEA sentences transmitted by the sensor. You can also
customize how the program looks by showing and hiding the Toolbar and Status Bar.
Help Menu
The Help Menu displays the software version and copyright information.
190-00516-00
GPS 10 Technical Specifications
Rev. B
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APPENDIX E: HOST SYSTEM CONSIDERATIONS: PIN Code.
Some systems may or may not require a PIN Code in order to recognize the GPS 10.
The default PIN code for GPS 10 is “1234”. When you initially make this connection or the connection is
terminated unexpectedly.
Just type “1234” and click OK.
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GPS 10 Technical Specifications
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For the latest free software updates (excluding map data) throughout the life of your
© Copyright 2005 Garmin Ltd. or its subsidiaries
Garmin International, Inc.
1200 East 151st Street, Olathe, Kansas 66062, U.S.A.
Garmin (Europe) Ltd.
Unit 5, The Quadrangle, Abbey Park Industrial Estate, Romsey, SO51 9DL, U.K.
Garmin Corporation
No. 68, Jangshu 2nd Road, Shijr, Taipei County, Taiwan
Part Number 190-00516-00 Rev. B
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