Broadband VPN Router
VRT-311 / VRT-311S
User’s Manual
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Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION.......................................................................... 1
VRT-311 /VRT-311S Features............................................................................... 1
Package Contents................................................................................................. 3
Physical Details..................................................................................................... 4
CHAPTER 2 INSTALLATION ........................................................................... 8
Requirements ........................................................................................................ 8
Procedure .............................................................................................................. 8
CHAPTER 3 SETUP........................................................................................ 10
Overview .............................................................................................................. 10
Configuration Program....................................................................................... 11
Setup Wizard ....................................................................................................... 14
LAN Screen.......................................................................................................... 17
CHAPTER 4 PC CONFIGURATION ............................................................... 19
Overview .............................................................................................................. 19
Windows Clients ................................................................................................. 19
Macintosh Clients ............................................................................................... 30
Linux Clients........................................................................................................ 30
Other Unix Systems............................................................................................ 30
CHAPTER 5 OPERATION AND STATUS ...................................................... 31
Operation ............................................................................................................. 31
Status Screen ...................................................................................................... 31
Connection Status - PPPoE ............................................................................... 33
Connection Status - PPTP.................................................................................. 35
Connection Status - Telstra Big Pond .............................................................. 36
Connection Details - SingTel RAS..................................................................... 37
Connection Details - Fixed/Dynamic IP Address ............................................. 39
CHAPTER 6 INTERNET FEATURES ............................................................. 41
Overview .............................................................................................................. 41
WAN Port Configuration..................................................................................... 42
Advanced Internet............................................................................................... 45
Dynamic DNS (Domain Name Server)............................................................... 49
Virtual Servers..................................................................................................... 51
Options................................................................................................................. 53
CHAPTER 7 SECURITY CONFIGURATION.................................................. 54
Overview .............................................................................................................. 54
Admin Login ........................................................................................................ 54
Access Control.................................................................................................... 56
Firewall Rules...................................................................................................... 60
Logs...................................................................................................................... 64
E-mail ................................................................................................................... 67
Security Options ................................................................................................. 69
Scheduling........................................................................................................... 71
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Services ............................................................................................................... 72
CHAPTER 8 VPN (IPSEC) .............................................................................. 73
Overview .............................................................................................................. 73
Common VPN Situations.................................................................................... 75
VPN Configuration .............................................................................................. 77
VPN Examples..................................................................................................... 87
Certificates......................................................................................................... 105
CRLs................................................................................................................... 109
Status ................................................................................................................. 110
CHAPTER 9 MICROSOFT VPN.................................................................... 112
Overview ............................................................................................................ 112
Server Setup...................................................................................................... 112
Client Database ................................................................................................. 113
Status Screen .................................................................................................... 115
Windows Client Setup ...................................................................................... 116
CHAPTER 10 OTHER FEATURES & SETTINGS....................................... 124
Overview ............................................................................................................ 124
Config File.......................................................................................................... 125
Network Diagnostics ........................................................................................ 126
PC Database ...................................................................................................... 127
Remote Administration..................................................................................... 131
Routing............................................................................................................... 133
Upgrade Firmware............................................................................................. 138
UPnP................................................................................................................... 139
APPENDIX ATROUBLESHOOTING........................................................... 140
Overview ............................................................................................................ 140
General Problems ............................................................................................. 140
Internet Access.................................................................................................. 140
APPENDIX B SPECIFICATIONS................................................................. 142
VRT-311 / VRT-311S.......................................................................................... 142
FCC Statement .................................................................................................. 142
CE Marking Warning......................................................................................... 143
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Chapter 1
Introduction
This Chapter provides an overview of VRT-311 / VRT-311S's features and ca-
pabilities.
Congratulations on the purchase of your new VRT-311 / VRT-311S . VRT-311 / VRT-311S is
a multi-function device providing the following services:
·
·
·
Shared Broadband Internet Access for all LAN users.
VPN Gateway for IPSec VPN connections to remote PCs or sites.
3-Port Switching Hub for 10BaseT or 100BaseT connections.
Figure 1: VRT-311 / VRT-311S
VRT-311 / VRT-311S Features
VRT-311 / VRT-311S incorporates many advanced features, carefully designed to provide
sophisticated functions while being easy to use.
Internet Access Features
·
Shared Internet Access. All users on the LAN or WLAN can access the Internet
through VRT-311 / VRT-311S, using only a single external IP Address. The local (invalid)
IP Addresses are hidden from external sources. This process is called NAT (Network Ad-
dress Translation).
·
·
DSL & Cable Modem Support. VRT-311 / VRT-311S has a 100BaseT Ethernet port
for connecting a DSL or Cable Modem. All popular DSL and Cable Modems are sup-
ported. SingTel RAS and Big Pond (Australia) login support is also included.
PPPoE, PPTP, SingTel RAS and Telstra Big Pond Support. The Internet (WAN
port) connection supports PPPoE (PPP over Ethernet), PPTP (Peer-to-Peer Tunneling Pro-
tocol), SingTel RAS and Telstra Big Pond (Australia), as well as "Direct Connection" type
services.
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VRT-311 User Guide
·
Fixed or Dynamic IP Address. On the Internet (WAN port) connection, VRT-311 /
VRT-311S supports both Dynamic IP Address (IP Address is allocated on connection) and
Fixed IP Address.
Advanced Internet Functions
·
Communication Applications. Support for Internet communication applications, such
as interactive Games, Telephony, and Conferencing applications, which are often difficult
to use when behind a Firewall, is included.
·
Special Internet Applications. Applications which use non-standard connections or
port numbers are normally blocked by the Firewall. The ability to define and allow such
applications is provided, to enable such applications to be used normally.
·
·
Virtual Servers. This feature allows Internet users to access Internet servers on your
LAN. The required setup is quick and easy.
Multi-DMZ. For each WAN (Internet) IP address allocated to you, one (1) PC on your
local LAN can be configured to allow unrestricted 2-way communication with Servers or
individual users on the Internet. This provides the ability to run programs which are in-
compatible with Firewalls.
·
Physical DMZ Port. PCs connected to the DMZ port are effectively isolated from your
LAN, while connected to the Internet. This provides additional security for your LAN
while allowing your Servers to be accessed from the Internet.
·
·
·
URL Filter. Use the URL Filter to block access to undesirable Web sites by LAN users.
Internet Access Log. See which Internet connections have been made.
VPN Pass through Support. PCs with VPN (Virtual Private Networking) software
using PPTP, L2TP and IPSec are transparently supported - no configuration is required.
LAN Features
·
3-Port Switching Hub. VRT-311 / VRT-311S incorporates a 3-port 10/100BaseT
switching hub, making it easy to create or extend your LAN.
·
DHCP Server Support. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol provides a dynamic IP
address to PCs and other devices upon request. VRT-311 / VRT-311S can act as a DHCP
Server for devices on your local LAN and WLAN.
·
·
Multi Segment LAN Support. LANs containing one or more segments are supported,
via VRT-311's / VRT-311S RIP (Routing Information Protocol) support and built-in static
routing table.
DMZ Port. Used when allowing Servers on your LAN to be accessed from the Internet,
the DMZ port provides additional protection for both your Servers and your LAN.
Configuration & Management
·
Easy Setup. Use your WEB browser from anywhere on the LAN or WLAN for configu-
ration.
·
Remote Management. VRT-311 / VRT-311S can be managed from any PC on your
LAN. And, if the Internet connection exists, it can also (optionally) be configured via the
Internet.
·
·
UPnP Support. UPnP (Universal Plug and Play) allows automatic discovery and con-
figuration of VRT-311 / VRT-311S. UPnP is by supported by Windows ME, XP, or later.
Configuration File Backup & Restore. You can backup (download) VRT-311 /
VRT-311S 's configuration file to your PC, and restore (upload) a previously-saved con-
figuration file to VRT-311 / VRT-311S.
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Introduction
Security Features
·
Password - protected Configuration. Optional password protection is provided to
prevent unauthorized users from modifying the configuration data and settings.
·
NAT Protection. An intrinsic side effect of NAT (Network Address Translation) tech-
nology is that by allowing all LAN users to share a single IP address, the location and even
the existence of each PC is hidden. From the external viewpoint, there is no network, only
a single device - VRT-311 / VRT-311S.
·
·
Stateful Inspection Firewall. All incoming data packets are monitored and all incom-
ing server requests are filtered, thus protecting your network from malicious attacks from
external sources.
Protection against DoS attacks. DoS (Denial of Service) attacks can flood your
Internet connection with invalid packets and connection requests, using so much bandwidth
and so many resources that Internet access becomes unavailable. VRT-311 / VRT-311S in-
corporates protection against DoS attacks.
·
Rule-based Policy Firewall. To provide additional protection against malicious pack-
ets, you can define your own firewall rules. This can also be used to control the Internet
services available to LAN users.
IPSec VPN Gateway Features
·
·
IPSec.. Support for IPSec standards, including IKE and certificates.
Tunnels. Up to 100 VPN tunnels can be created for VRT-311, and up to 10 VPN tunnels
can be created for VRT-311S..
·
High performance. High performance encryption engine maintains high throughput
even when using 3DES.
Microsoft VPN Gateway Support
·
·
·
PPTP Server. VRT-311 / VRT-311S emulates a Microsoft PPTP VPN Server, allowing
clients to use the Microsoft VPN client provided in Windows.
Windows Client Support. Remote users can use the Microsoft VPN client (VPN
Adapter) provided in recent versions of Windows.
Easy Setup. For both the Administrator and remote users, the Microsoft VPN is much
easier to configure than IPSec VPN.
Package Contents
The following items should be included:
·
·
·
·
VRT-311 / VRT-311S Unit
Power Adapter
Quick Installation Guide
CD-ROM containing the on-line manual.
If any of the above items are damaged or missing, please contact your dealer immediately.
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VRT-311 User Guide
Physical Details
Front-mounted LEDs
Figure 2: VRT-311’s Front Panel
Figure 3: VRT-311S’s Front Panel
Power
On - Power on.
Off - No power.
Status (Red)
On - Error condition.
Off - Normal operation.
Blinking - This LED blinks during start up.
LAN
Each port has 2 LEDs
·
LNK/ACT
·
·
·
On - Corresponding LAN (hub) port is active.
Off - No active connection on the corresponding LAN (hub) port.
Flashing - Data is being transmitted or received via the corre-
sponding LAN (hub) port.
·
·
100
·
·
On - Corresponding LAN (hub) port is using 100BaseT.
Off - Corresponding LAN (hub) port connection is using
10BaseT, or no active connection.
DMZ
LNK/ACT
·
·
·
On - DMZ port is active.
Off - No active connection to the DMZ port.
Flashing - Data is being transmitted or received via the DMZ
port.
·
100
·
·
On - DMZ port is using 100BaseT.
Off - DMZ port connection is using 10BaseT, or no active con-
nection.
WAN
On - Connection to the modem attached to the WAN (Internet) port is
established.
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Introduction
Off - No connection to a modem on the WAN (Internet) port.
Flashing - Data is being transmitted or received via the WAN port.
On - PPPoE connection established.
PPPoE
(For VRT-311
only)
Off - No PPPoE connection.
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VRT-311 User Guide
Rear Panel
Figure 4: VRT-311 Rear Panel
Figure 5: VRT-311S Rear Panel
Reset Button
This button has two (2) functions:
·
Reboot. When pressed and released, VRT-311 / VRT-311S will
reboot (restart).
·
Clear All Data. This button can also be used to clear ALL data
and restore ALL settings to the factory default values.
To Clear All Data and restore the factory default values:
1. Power Off.
2. Hold the Reset Button down while you Power On.
3. Keep holding the Reset Button for a few seconds, until the RED
LED has flashed TWICE.
4. Release the Reset Button. VRT-311 / VRT-311S is now using
the factory default values.
WAN port
(10/100BaseT)
Connect the DSL or Cable Modem here. If your modem came with a
cable, use the supplied cable. Otherwise, use a standard LAN cable.
DMZ port
PCs or devices connected to the DMZ port are isolated from the
LAN.
If you have a server you wish to make available to the public, you can
connect it here. To use multiple servers, use a standard LAN cable to
connect the DMZ port to a normal port on another hub, and connect
your servers to the hub.
10/100BaseT
LAN connections
Use standard LAN cables (RJ45 connectors) to connect your PCs to
these ports.
Note:
Any LAN port on VRT-311 / VRT-311S will automatically function
as an "Uplink" port when required. Just connect any port to a normal
port on the other hub, using a standard LAN cable.
Power port
Connect the supplied power adapter here.
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Introduction
Using the DMZ Port
The DMZ port is intended for connection of a server you wish to make available to the public.
To use multiple servers, use a standard LAN cable to connect the DMZ port to a normal port on
another hub, and connect your servers to the hub.
Please note the following points regarding the DMZ port.
·
·
·
Although physically attached to the hub ports, the DMZ port is not part of the built-in hub.
It is a separate single port which is isolated from the hub.
PCs connected to the DMZ port are on the same LAN segment as PCs connected to the
Hub ports. They must use the same IP address range.
PCs connected to the DMZ port are NOT visible to PCs on the hub (LAN) ports. So you
cannot use Microsoft networking or other networking protocols to connect to PCs on the
DMZ. The connection must be made via the Internet.
·
·
PCs connected to the DMZ port still share the WAN port IP address for Internet access.
To make PCs on the DMZ port available from the Internet, the "Virtual Server" (Port
Forwarding) feature must be configured to send incoming traffic to the appropriate server.
Advantages of the DMZ Port
If running any Servers on your LAN, you should connect them to the DMZ port, for the follow-
ing reasons:
·
Traffic passing between the DMZ and LAN passes through the firewall. The firewall will
protect your LAN if your Server is compromised and used to launch an attack on your
LAN.
·
When using the Virtual Servers feature, (see Virtual Servers in Chapter 6) a firewall rule to
allow incoming traffic from the Internet (WAN) to the DMZ is automatically created.
If the Server is connected to the LAN (hub) ports, you must add the firewall rule manually.
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Chapter 2
Installation
This Chapter covers the physical installation of VRT-311 / VRT-311S.
Requirements
·
·
·
Network cables. Use standard 10/100BaseT network (UTP) cables with RJ45 connectors.
TCP/IP protocol must be installed on all PCs.
For Internet Access, an Internet Access account with an ISP, and a Broadband modem
(usually, DSL or Cable modem).
Procedure
Figure 6: Installation Diagram
1. Choose an Installation Site
Select a suitable place on the network to install VRT-311 / VRT-311S.
Ensure VRT-311 / VRT-311S and the DSL/Cable modem are powered OFF.
2. Connect LAN Cables
·
Use standard LAN cables to connect PCs to the Switching Hub ports on VRT-311 / VRT-
311S. Both 10BaseT and 100BaseT connections can be used simultaneously.
·
If required, you can connect any LAN port to another Hub. Any LAN port on VRT-311 /
VRT-311S will automatically function as an "Uplink" port when required. Just connect any
LAN port to a normal port on the other hub, using a standard LAN cable.
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Installation
·
If desired, connect a PC (server) to the DMZ port. To use multiple servers, use a standard
LAN cable to connect the DMZ port to a normal port on another hub, and connect your
servers to the hub. PCs connected to the DMZ port are isolated from your LAN.
3. Connect WAN Cable
Connect the Broadband modem to the WAN port on VRT-311 / VRT-311S. Use the cable
supplied with your Broadband modem. If no cable was supplied, use a standard LAN cable.
4. Power Up
·
·
Power on the Broadband modem.
Connect the supplied power adapter to VRT-311 / VRT-311S and power up.
Use only the power adapter provided. Using a different one may cause hardware damage
5. Check the LEDs
·
·
The Power LED should be ON.
The Status LED should blink during start up, then turn Off. If it stays on, there is a hard-
ware error.
·
·
·
For each LAN (PC) connection, the LAN Link/Act LED should be ON (provided the PC is
also ON.)
If a PC is connected to the DMZ port, the DMZ port's Link/Act LED should be ON (pro-
vided the PC is also ON.)
The WAN LED should be ON.
For more information, refer to Front-mounted LEDs in Chapter 1.
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Chapter 3
Setup
This Chapter provides Setup details of VRT-311 / VRT-311S.
Overview
This chapter describes the setup procedure for:
·
·
Internet Access
LAN configuration
PCs on your local LAN may also require configuration. For details, see Chapter 4 - PC Con-
figuration.
Other configuration may also be required, depending on which features and functions of VRT-
311 / VRT-311S you wish to use. Use the table below to locate detailed instructions for the
required functions.
To Do this:
Refer to:
Configure PCs on your LAN.
Chapter 4:
PC Configuration
Check VRT-311 / VRT-311S operation and Status.
Chapter 5:
Operation and Status
Use any of the following Internet features:
Chapter 6:
Internet Features
·
·
·
·
·
WAN Port
Advanced Setup
Dynamic DNS
Virtual Servers
Options
Change any of the following Security-related settings:
Chapter 7:
Security Configuration
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
Admin Login
Access Control
Firewall Rules
Logs
E-mail
Security Options
Scheduling
Services
Use the IPSec VPN features:
Chapter 8:
VPN (IPSec)
·
·
·
·
VPN Policies
Certificates
CRLs
VPN Status
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Setup
Use the Microsoft VPN feature:
Chapter 9:
Microsoft VPN
·
·
·
PPTP Server in VRT-311 / VRT-311S.
User and Client setup.
Checking VPN connection Status.
Configure or use any of the following:
Chapter 9:
Other Features and Settings
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
Configuration File backup and restore.
Network Diagnostic
PC Database
Remote Administration
Routing
Upgrade Firmware
UPnP
Where use of a certain feature requires that
PCs or other LAN devices be configured, this
is also explained in the relevant chapter.
Configuration Program
VRT-311 / VRT-311S contains an HTTP server. This enables you to connect to it, and config-
ure it, using your Web Browser. Your Browser must support JavaScript. The configuration
program has been tested on the following browsers:
·
·
Netscape V4.08 or later
Internet Explorer V4 or later
Preparation
Before attempting to configure VRT-311 / VRT-311S, please ensure that:
·
Your PC can establish a physical connection to VRT-311 / VRT-311S. The PC and VRT-
311 / VRT-311S must be directly connected (using the Hub ports on VRT-311 / VRT-
311S) or on the same LAN segment.
·
·
VRT-311 / VRT-311S must be installed and powered ON.
If VRT-311 / VRT-311S’s default IP Address (192.168.0.1) is already used by another
device, the other device must be turned OFF until VRT-311 / VRT-311S is allocated a new
IP Address during configuration.
Using UPnP
If your Windows system supports UPnP, an icon for VRT-311 / VRT-311S will appear in the
system tray, notifying you that a new network device has been found, and offering to create a
new desktop shortcut to the newly-discovered device.
·
Unless you intend to change the IP Address of VRT-311 / VRT-311S, you can accept the
desktop shortcut.
·
Whether you accept the desktop shortcut or not, you can always find UPnP devices in My
Network Places (previously called Network Neighborhood).
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VRT-311 User Guide
·
Double - click the icon for VRT-311 / VRT-311S (either on the Desktop, or in My Network
Places) to start the configuration. Refer to the following section Setup Wizard for details of
the initial configuration process.
Using your Web Browser
To establish a connection from your PC to VRT-311 / VRT-311S:
1. After installing VRT-311 / VRT-311S in your LAN, start your PC. If your PC is already
running, restart it.
2. Start your WEB browser.
3. In the Address box, enter "HTTP://" and the IP Address of VRT-311 / VRT-311S, as in
this example, which uses VRT-311 / VRT-311S 's default IP Address:
HTTP://192.168.0.1
If you can't connect
If VRT-311 / VRT-311S does not respond, check the following:
·
VRT-311 / VRT-311S is properly installed, LAN connection is OK, and it is
powered ON. You can test the connection by using the "Ping" command:
·
·
Open the MS-DOS window or command prompt window.
Enter the command:
ping 192.168.0.1
If no response is received, either the connection is not working, or your
PC's IP address is not compatible with VRT-311 / VRT-311S’s IP Ad-
dress. (See next item.)
·
·
If your PC is using a fixed IP Address, its IP Address must be within the range
192.168.0.2 to 192.168.0.254 to be compatible with VRT-311 / VRT-311S 's
default IP Address of 192.168.0.1. Also, the Network Mask must be set to
255.255.255.0. See Chapter 4 - PC Configuration for details on checking your
PC's TCP/IP settings.
Ensure that your PC and VRT-311 / VRT-311S are on the same network
segment. (If you don't have a router, this must be the case.)
4. You will be prompted for a username and password, as shown below.
Figure 7: Password Dialog
·
Enter adminfor the User Name, and leave the Password blank.
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Setup
·
These are the default values. Both the name and password can (and should) be changed,
using the Admin Login screen. Once you have changed either the name or the password,
you must use the current values.
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VRT-311 User Guide
Setup Wizard
The first time you connect to VRT-311 / VRT-311S, the Setup Wizard will run automatically.
(The Setup Wizard will also run if VRT-311 / VRT-311S 's default setting are restored.)
1. Step through the Wizard until finished.
·
You need to know the type of Internet connection service used by your ISP. Check the
data supplied by your ISP.
·
The common connection types are explained in the tables below.
2. On the final screen of the Wizard, run the test and check that an Internet connection can be
established.
3. If the connection test fails:
·
·
·
Check your data, the Cable/DSL modem, and all connections.
Check that you have entered all data correctly.
If using a Cable modem, your ISP may have recorded the MAC (physical) address of
your PC. Run the Wizard, and on the Cable Modem screen, use the "Clone MAC ad-
dress" button to copy the MAC address from your PC to VRT-311 / VRT-311S.
Common Connection Types
Cable Modems
Type
Details
ISP Data required
Dynamic
IP Address
Your IP Address is allocated
automatically, when you
connect to you ISP.
Usually, none.
However, some ISP's may
require you to use a particular
Hostname, Domain name, or
MAC (physical) address.
Static (Fixed)
IP Address
Your ISP allocates a perma-
nent IP Address to you.
IP Address allocated to you,
mask and gateway (if provided),
and DNS address.
Some ISP's may also require
you to use a particular Host-
name, Domain name, or MAC
(physical) address.
DSL Modems
Type
Details
ISP Data required
Dynamic
IP Address
Your IP Address is allocated
automatically, when you
connect to you ISP.
None.
Static (Fixed)
IP Address
Your ISP allocates a perma-
nent IP Address to you.
IP Address allocated to you,
mask and gateway (if provided),
and DNS address.
PPPoE
You connect to the ISP only
when required. The IP address
is usually allocated automati-
cally.
User name and password.
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Setup
PPTP
Mainly used in Europe.
·
·
·
PPTP Server IP Address.
User name and password.
You connect to the ISP only
when required. The IP address
is usually allocated automati-
cally, but may be Static
(Fixed).
IP Address allocated to you,
if Static (Fixed).
Other Modems (e.g. Broadband Wireless)
Type
Details
ISP Data required
Dynamic
IP Address
Your IP Address is allocated
automatically, when you
connect to you ISP.
Usually, none.
However, some ISP's may
require you to use a particular
Hostname, Domain name, or
MAC (physical) address.
Static (Fixed)
IP Address
Your ISP allocates a perma-
nent IP Address to you.
IP Address allocated to you,
mask and gateway (if provided),
and DNS address.
Big Pond Cable (Australia)
For this connection method, the following data is required:
·
·
·
User Name
Password
Big Pond Server IP address
SingTel RAS
For this connection method, the following data is required:
·
·
·
User Name
Password
RAS Plan
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VRT-311 User Guide
Home Screen
After finishing or exiting the Setup Wizard, you will see the Home screen. When you connect
in future, you will see this screen when you connect. An example screen is shown below.
Figure 8: Home Screen
Navigation & Data Input
·
Use the menu bar on the top of the screen, and the "Back" button on your Browser, for
navigation.
·
Changing to another screen without clicking "Save" does NOT save any changes you may
have made. You must "Save" before changing screens or your data will be ignored.
On each screen, clicking the "Help" button will
display help for that screen.
From any help screen, you can access the list of all
help files (help index).
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Setup
LAN Screen
Use the LAN link on the main menu to reach the LAN screen An example screen is shown
below.
Figure 9: LAN Screen
Data - LAN Screen
TCP/IP
IP Address
IP address for VRT-311 / VRT-311S, as seen from the local LAN. Use
the default value unless the address is already in use or your LAN is
using a different IP address range. In the latter case, enter an unused IP
Address from within the range used by your LAN.
Subnet Mask
DHCP Server
The default value 255.255.255.0 is standard for small (class "C")
networks. For other networks, use the Subnet Mask for the LAN
segment to which VRT-311 / VRT-311S is attached (the same value as
the PCs on that LAN segment).
·
If Enabled, VRT-311 / VRT-311S will allocate IP Addresses to
PCs (DHCP clients) on your LAN when they start up. The default
(and recommended) value is Enabled.
·
If you are already using a DHCP Server, this setting must be
Disabled, and the existing DHCP server must be re-configured to
treat VRT-311 / VRT-311S as the default Gateway. See the
following section for further details.
·
The Start IP Address and Finish IP Address fields set the values
used by the DHCP server when allocating IP Addresses to DHCP
clients. This range also determines the number of DHCP clients
supported.
See the following section for further details on using DHCP.
Buttons
Save
Save the data on screen.
Cancel
The "Cancel" button will discard any data you have entered and reload
the file from VRT-311 / VRT-311S.
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VRT-311 User Guide
DHCP
What DHCP Does
A DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) Server allocates a valid IP address to a
DHCP Client (PC or device) upon request.
·
·
The client request is made when the client device starts up (boots).
The DHCP Server provides the Gateway and DNS addresses to the client, as well as
allocating an IP Address.
·
·
VRT-311 / VRT-311S can act as a DHCP server.
Windows 95/98/ME and other non-Server versions of Windows will act as a DHCP client.
This is the default Windows setting for the TCP/IP network protocol. However, Windows
uses the term Obtain an IP Address automatically instead of "DHCP Client".
·
You must NOT have two (2) or more DHCP Servers on the same LAN segment. (If your
LAN does not have other Routers, this means there must only be one (1) DHCP Server on
your LAN.)
Using VRT-311 / VRT-311S 's DHCP Server
This is the default setting. The DHCP Server settings are on the LAN screen. On this screen,
you can:
·
·
Enable or Disable VRT-311 / VRT-311S 's DHCP Server function.
Set the range of IP Addresses allocated to PCs by the DHCP Server function.
You can assign Fixed IP Addresses to some devices
while using DHCP, provided that the Fixed IP Addresses
are NOT within the range used by the DHCP Server.
Using another DHCP Server
You can only use one (1) DHCP Server per LAN segment. If you wish to use another DHCP
Server, rather than VRT-311 / VRT-311S 's, the following procedure is required.
1. Disable the DHCP Server feature in VRT-311 / VRT-311S. This setting is on the LAN
screen.
2. Configure the DHCP Server to provide VRT-311 / VRT-311S 's IP Address as the Default
Gateway.
To Configure your PCs to use DHCP
This is the default setting for TCP/IP under Windows 95/98/ME.
See Chapter 4 - Client Configuration for the procedure to check these settings.
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Chapter 4
PC Configuration
This Chapter details the PC Configuration required on the local ("Internal")
LAN.
Overview
For each PC, the following may need to be configured:
·
·
TCP/IP network settings
Internet Access configuration
Windows Clients
This section describes how to configure Windows clients for Internet access via VRT-311 /
VRT-311S.
The first step is to check the PC's TCP/IP settings.
VRT-311 / VRT-311S uses the TCP/IP network protocol for all functions, so it is essential that
the TCP/IP protocol be installed and configured on each PC.
TCP/IP Settings - Overview
If using the default VRT-311 / VRT-311S settings, and the default Win-
dows TCP/IP settings, no changes need to be made.
·
·
By default, VRT-311 / VRT-311S will act as a DHCP Server, automatically providing a
suitable IP Address (and related information) to each PC when the PC boots.
For all non-Server versions of Windows, the default TCP/IP setting is to act as a DHCP
client.
If using a Fixed (specified) IP address, the following changes are re-
quired:
·
·
The Gateway must be set to the IP address of VRT-311 / VRT-311S.
The DNS should be set to the address provided by your ISP.
If your LAN has a Router, the LAN Administrator must re-
configure the Router itself. Refer to Chapter 8 - Other
Features and Operations for details.
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Checking TCP/IP Settings - Windows 9x/ME:
1. Select Control Panel - Network. You should see a screen like the following:
Figure 10: Network Configuration
2. Select the TCP/IP protocol for your network card.
3. Click on the Properties button. You should then see a screen like the following.
Figure 11: IP Address (Win 95)
Ensure your TCP/IP settings are correct, as follows:
Using DHCP
To use DHCP, select the radio button Obtain an IP Address automatically. This is the default
Windows setting. Using this is recommended. By default, VRT-311 / VRT-311S will act as a
DHCP Server.
Restart your PC to ensure it obtains an IP Address from VRT-311 / VRT-311S.
Using "Specify an IP Address"
If your PC is already configured, check with your network administrator before making the
following changes:
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PC Configuration
·
On the Gateway tab, enter VRT-311 / VRT-311S 's IP address in the New Gateway field
and click Add, as shown below. Your LAN administrator can advise you of the IP Address
they assigned to VRT-311 / VRT-311S.
Figure 32: Gateway Tab (Win 95/98)
·
On the DNS Configuration tab, ensure Enable DNS is selected. If the DNS Server Search
Order list is empty, enter the DNS address provided by your ISP in the fields beside the
Add button, then click Add.
Figure 3: DNS Tab (Win 95/98)
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Checking TCP/IP Settings - Windows NT4.0
1. Select Control Panel - Network, and, on the Protocols tab, select the TCP/IP protocol, as
shown below.
Figure 14: Windows NT4.0 - TCP/IP
2. Click the Properties button to see a screen like the one below.
Figure 15: Windows NT4.0 - IP Address
3. Select the network card for your LAN.
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PC Configuration
4. Select the appropriate radio button - Obtain an IP address from a DHCP Server or Specify
an IP Address, as explained below.
Obtain an IP address from a DHCP Server
This is the default Windows setting. Using this is recommended. By default, VRT-311 / VRT-
311S will act as a DHCP Server.
Restart your PC to ensure it obtains an IP Address from VRT-311 / VRT-311S.
Specify an IP Address
If your PC is already configured, check with your network administrator before making the
following changes.
1. The Default Gateway must be set to the IP address of VRT-311 / VRT-311S. To set this:
·
·
Click the Advanced button on the screen above.
On the following screen, click the Add button in the Gateways panel, and enter VRT-
311 / VRT-311S 's IP address, as shown in Figure below.
·
If necessary, use the Up button to make VRT-311 / VRT-311S the first entry in the
Gateways list.
Figure 16: Windows NT4.0 - Add Gateway
2. The DNS should be set to the address provided by your ISP, as follows:
·
·
Click the DNS tab.
On the DNS screen, shown below, click the Add button (under DNS Service Search
Order), and enter the DNS provided by your ISP.
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Figure17: Windows NT4.0 - DNS
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PC Configuration
Checking TCP/IP Settings - Windows 2000:
1. Select Control Panel - Network and Dial-up Connection.
2. Right - click the Local Area Connection icon and select Properties. You should see a
screen like the following:
Figure18: Network Configuration (Win 2000)
3. Select the TCP/IP protocol for your network card.
4. Click on the Properties button. You should then see a screen like the following.
Figure19: TCP/IP Properties (Win 2000)
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5. Ensure your TCP/IP settings are correct, as described below.
Using DHCP
To use DHCP, select the radio button Obtain an IP Address automatically. This is the default
Windows setting. Using this is recommended. By default, VRT-311 / VRT-311S will act as a
DHCP Server.
Restart your PC to ensure it obtains an IP Address from VRT-311 / VRT-311S.
Using a fixed IP Address ("Use the following IP Address")
If your PC is already configured, check with your network administrator before making the
following changes.
·
Enter VRT-311 / VRT-311S 's IP address in the Default gateway field and click OK. (Your
LAN administrator can advise you of the IP Address they assigned to VRT-311 / VRT-
311S.)
·
If the DNS Server fields are empty, select Use the following DNS server addresses, and
enter the DNS address or addresses provided by your ISP, then click OK.
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PC Configuration
Checking TCP/IP Settings - Windows XP
1. Select Control Panel - Network Connection.
2. Right click the Local Area Connection and choose Properties. You should see a screen
like the following:
Figure20: Network Configuration (Windows XP)
3. Select the TCP/IP protocol for your network card.
4. Click on the Properties button. You should then see a screen like the following.
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Figure21: TCP/IP Properties (Windows XP)
5. Ensure your TCP/IP settings are correct.
Using DHCP
To use DHCP, select the radio button Obtain an IP Address automatically. This is the default
Windows setting. Using this is recommended. By default, VRT-311 / VRT-311S will act as a
DHCP Server.
Restart your PC to ensure it obtains an IP Address from VRT-311 / VRT-311S.
Using a fixed IP Address ("Use the following IP Address")
If your PC is already configured, check with your network administrator before making the
following changes.
·
In the Default gateway field, enter VRT-311 / VRT-311S 's IP address and click OK. Your
LAN administrator can advise you of the IP Address they assigned to VRT-311 / VRT-
311S.
·
If the DNS Server fields are empty, select Use the following DNS server addresses, and
enter the DNS address or addresses provided by your ISP, then click OK.
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PC Configuration
Internet Access
To configure your PCs to use VRT-311 / VRT-311S for Internet access:
·
·
Ensure that the DSL modem, Cable modem, or other permanent connection is functional.
Use the following procedure to configure your Browser to access the Internet via the LAN,
rather than by a Dial-up connection.
For Windows 9x/ME/2000
1. Select Start Menu - Settings - Control Panel - Internet Options.
2. Select the Connection tab, and click the Setup button.
3. Select "I want to set up my Internet connection manually, or I want to connect through a
local area network (LAN)" and click Next.
4. Select "I connect through a local area network (LAN)" and click Next.
5. Ensure all of the boxes on the following Local area network Internet Configuration screen
are unchecked.
6. Check the "No" option when prompted "Do you want to set up an Internet mail account
now?".
7. Click Finish to close the Internet Connection Wizard.
Setup is now completed.
For Windows XP
1. Select Start Menu - Control Panel - Network and Internet Connections.
2. Select Set up or change your Internet Connection.
3. Select the Connection tab, and click the Setup button.
4. Cancel the pop-up "Location Information" screen.
5. Click Next on the "New Connection Wizard" screen.
6. Select "Connect to the Internet" and click Next.
7. Select "Set up my connection manually" and click Next.
8. Check "Connect using a broadband connection that is always on" and click Next.
9. Click Finish to close the New Connection Wizard.
Setup is now completed.
Accessing AOL
To access AOL (America On Line) through VRT-311 / VRT-311S, the AOL for Windows
software must be configured to use TCP/IP network access, rather than a dial-up connection.
The configuration process is as follows:
·
Start the AOL for Windows communication software. Ensure that it is Version 2.5, 3.0 or
later. This procedure will not work with earlier versions.
·
·
Click the Setup button.
Select Create Location, and change the location name from "New Locality" to "VRT-311 /
VRT-311S ".
·
·
Click Edit Location. Select TCP/IP for the Network field. (Leave the Phone Number blank.)
Click Save, then OK.
Configuration is now complete.
·
Before clicking "Sign On", always ensure that you are using the "VRT-311 / VRT-311S "
location.
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Macintosh Clients
From your Macintosh, you can access the Internet via VRT-311 / VRT-311S. The procedure is
as follows.
1. Open the TCP/IP Control Panel.
2. Select Ethernet from the Connect via pop-up menu.
3. Select Using DHCP Server from the Configure pop-up menu. The DHCP Client ID field
can be left blank.
4. Close the TCP/IP panel, saving your settings.
Note:
If using manually assigned IP addresses instead of DHCP, the required changes are:
·
·
Set the Router Address field to VRT-311 / VRT-311S 's IP Address.
Ensure your DNS settings are correct.
Linux Clients
To access the Internet via VRT-311 / VRT-311S, it is only necessary to set VRT-311 / VRT-
311S as the "Gateway".
Ensure you are logged in as "root" before attempting any changes.
Fixed IP Address
By default, most Unix installations use a fixed IP Address. If you wish to continue using a fixed
IP Address, make the following changes to your configuration.
·
·
Set your "Default Gateway" to the IP Address of VRT-311 / VRT-311S.
Ensure your DNS (Name server) settings are correct.
To act as a DHCP Client (recommended)
The procedure below may vary according to your version of Linux and X -windows shell.
1. Start your X Windows client.
2. Select Control Panel - Network
3. Select the "Interface" entry for your Network card. Normally, this will be called "eth0".
4. Click the Edit button, set the "protocol" to "DHCP", and save this data.
5. To apply your changes
·
·
Use the "Deactivate" and "Activate" buttons, if available.
OR, restart your system.
Other Unix Systems
To access the Internet via VRT-311 / VRT-311S:
·
Ensure the "Gateway" field for your network card is set to the IP Address of VRT-311 /
VRT-311S.
·
Ensure your DNS (Name Server) settings are correct.
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Chapter 5
Operation and Status
This Chapter details the operation of VRT-311 / VRT-311S and the status
screens.
Operation
Once both VRT-311 / VRT-311S and the PCs are configured, operation is automatic.
However, there are some situations where additional Internet configuration may be required:
·
·
If using Internet-based Communication Applications, it may be necessary to specify which
PC receives an incoming connection. Refer to Chapter 6 - Internet Features for further de-
tails.
Applications which use non-standard connections or port numbers may be blocked by
VRT-311 / VRT-311S 's built-in firewall. You can define such applications as Special Ap-
plications to allow them to function normally. Refer to Chapter 6 - Internet Features for
further details.
·
Some non-standard applications may require use of the DMZ feature. Refer to Chapter 6 -
Internet Features for further details.
Status Screen
Use the Status link on the main menu to view this screen.
Figure 224: Status Screen
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Data - Status Screen
Internet
Connection Method
This indicates the current connection method, as set in the Setup
Wizard.
Broadband Modem
Internet Connection
This shows the connection status of the modem.
Current connection status:
·
·
·
·
Active
Idle
Unknown
Failed
If there is an error, you can click the "Connection Details" button
to find out more information.
Internet IP Address
This IP Address is allocated by the ISP (Internet Service Pro-
vider).
"Connection Details" Click this button to open a sub-window and view a detailed
Button
description of the current connection. Depending on the type of
connection, a "log" may also be available.
LAN
IP Address
Network Mask
DHCP Server
The IP Address of VRT-311 / VRT-311S.
The Network Mask (Subnet Mask) for the IP Address above.
This shows the status of the DHCP Server function - either "En-
abled" or "Disabled".
For additional information about the PCs on your LAN, and the IP
addresses allocated to them, use the PC Database option on the
Other menu.
System
Device Name
Firmware Version
This displays the current name of VRT-311 / VRT-311S.
The current version of the firmware installed in VRT-311 / VRT-
311S.
"System Data"
Button
Clicking this button will open a Window which lists all system
details and settings.
Buttons
Connection Details
View the details of the current Internet connection. The sub-
screen displayed will depend on the connection method used. See
the following sections for details of each sub-screen.
System Data
Display all system information in a sub-window.
Restart Router
Restart (reboot) the Router. You will have to wait for the restart to
be completed before continuing.
Refresh Screen
Update the data displayed on screen.
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Operation and Status
Connection Status - PPPoE
If using PPPoE (PPP over Ethernet), a screen like the following example will be displayed
when the "Connection Details" button is clicked.
Figure23: PPPoE Status Screen
Data - PPPoE Screen
Connection
Physical Address
The hardware address of this device, as seen by remote devices on
the Internet. (This is different to the hardware address seen by
devices on the local LAN.)
IP Address
The IP Address of this device, as seen by Internet users. This
address is allocated by your ISP (Internet Service Provider).
Network Mask
The Network Mask associated with the IP Address above.
PPPoE Link Status
This indicates whether or not the connection is currently estab-
lished.
·
If the connection does not exist, the "Connect" button can be
used to establish a connection.
·
If the connection currently exists, the "Disconnect" button
can be used to break the connection.
Connection Log
·
The Connection Log shows status messages relating to the
existing connection.
Connection Log
·
·
The most common messages are listed in the table below.
The "Clear Log" button will restart the Log, while the Re-
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fresh button will update the messages shown on screen.
Buttons
Connect
If not connected, establish a connection to your ISP.
If connected to your ISP, hang up the connection.
Disconnect
Clear Log
Delete all data currently in the Log. This will make it easier to
read new messages.
Refresh
Update the data on screen.
Connection Log Messages
Message
Description
Connect on Demand
Connection attempt has been triggered by the "Connect auto-
matically, as required" setting.
Manual connection
Connection attempt started by the "Connect" button.
Preparing line for connection attempt.
Reset physical connection
Connecting to remote
server
Attempting to connect to the ISP's server.
Remote Server located
Start PPP
ISP's Server has responded to connection attempt.
Attempting to login to ISP's Server and establish a PPP con-
nection.
PPP up successfully
Idle time-out reached
Able to login to ISP's Server and establish a PPP connection.
The connection has been idle for the time period specified in
the "Idle Time-out" field. The connection will now be termi-
nated.
Disconnecting
The current connection is being terminated, due to either the
"Idle Time-out" above, or "Disconnect" button being clicked.
Error: Remote Server not
found
ISP's Server did not respond. This could be a Server problem,
or a problem with the link to the Server.
Error: PPP Connection
failed
Unable to establish a PPP connection with the ISP's Server.
This could be a login problem (name or password) or a Server
problem.
Error: Connection to
Server lost
The existing connection has been lost. This could be caused by
a power failure, a link failure, or Server failure.
Error: Invalid or unknown
packet type
The data received from the ISP's Server could not be proc-
essed. This could be caused by data corruption (from a bad
link), or the Server using a protocol which is not supported by
this device.
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Operation and Status
Connection Status - PPTP
If using PPTP (Peer-to-Peer Tunneling Protocol), a screen like the following example will be
displayed when the "Connection Details" button is clicked.
Figure24: PPTP Status Screen
Data - PPTP Screen
Connection
Physical Address
The hardware address of this device, as seen by remote devices on the
Internet. (This is different to the hardware address seen by devices on
the local LAN.)
IP Address
The IP Address of this device, as seen by Internet users. This address
is allocated by your ISP (Internet Service Provider).
PPTP Status
This indicates whether or not the connection is currently established.
·
If the connection does not exist, the "Connect" button can be
used to establish a connection.
·
If the connection currently exists, the "Disconnect" button can be
used to break the connection.
Connection Log
·
·
The Connection Log shows status messages relating to the
existing connection.
Connection Log
The "Clear Log" button will restart the Log, while the Refresh
button will update the messages shown on screen.
Buttons
Connect
If not connected, establish a connection to your ISP.
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Disconnect
Clear Log
If connected to your ISP, hang up the connection.
Delete all data currently in the Log. This will make it easier to read
new messages.
Refresh
Update the data on screen.
Connection Status - Telstra Big Pond
An example screen is shown below.
Figure25: Telstra Big Pond Status Screen
Data - Telstra Big Pond Screen
Connection
Physical Address
The hardware address of this device, as seen by remote devices.
(This is different to the hardware address seen by devices on the
local LAN.)
IP Address
The IP Address of this device, as seen by Internet users. This
address is allocated by your ISP (Internet Service Provider).
Connection Status
This indicates whether or not the connection is currently estab-
lished.
·
·
·
If the connection does not exist, the "Connect" button can be
used to establish a connection.
If the connection currently exists, the "Disconnect" button can
be used to break the connection.
Normally, it is not necessary to use the Connect and Disconnect
buttons unless the setting "Connect automatically, as required"
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Operation and Status
is disabled.
Connection Log
·
·
The Connection Log shows status messages relating to the
existing connection.
Connection Log
The Clear Log button will restart the Log, while the Refresh
button will update the messages shown on screen.
Buttons
Connect
If not connected, establish a connection to Telstra Big Pond.
If connected to Telstra Big Pond, terminate the connection.
Disconnect
Clear Log
Delete all data currently in the Log. This will make it easier to read
new messages.
Refresh
Update the data on screen.
Connection Details - SingTel RAS
If using the SingTel RAS access method, a screen like the following example will be displayed
when the "Connection Details" button is clicked.
Figure26: Connection Details - SingTel RAS
Data - SingTel RAS Screen
Internet
RAS Plan
The RAS Plan which is currently used.
Physical Address
The hardware address of this device, as seen by remote devices on the
Internet. (This is different to the hardware address seen by devices on
the local LAN.)
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IP Address
The IP Address of this device, as seen by Internet users. This address
is allocated by your ISP (Internet Service Provider).
Network Mask
The Network Mask associated with the IP Address above.
Default Gateway
The IP Address of the remote Gateway or Router associated with the
IP Address above.
DNS IP Address
DHCP Client
The IP Address of the Domain Name Server which is currently used.
This will show "Enabled" or "Disabled", depending on whether or not
this device is functioning as a DHCP client.
If "Enabled" the "Remaining lease time" field indicates when the IP
Address allocated by the DHCP Server will expire. The lease is
automatically renewed on expiry; use the "Renew" button if you wish
to manually renew the lease immediately.
Buttons
Release/Renew
This button is only useful if the IP address shown above is allocated
automatically on connection. (Dynamic IP address). If you have a
Fixed (Static) IP address, this button has no effect.
Button will display
EITHER
"Release"
OR
·
If the ISP's DHCP Server has NOT allocated an IP Address for
VRT-311 / VRT-311S, this button will say "Renew". Clicking
the "Renew" button will attempt to re-establish the connection
and obtain an IP Address from the ISP's DHCP Server.
"Renew"
·
If an IP Address has been allocated to VRT-311 / VRT-311S (by
the ISP's DHCP Server), this button will say "Release". Clicking
the "Release" button will break the connection and release the IP
Address.
Refresh
Update the data shown on screen.
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Operation and Status
Connection Details - Fixed/Dynamic IP Address
If your access method is "Direct" (no login), a screen like the following example will be dis-
played when the "Connection Details" button is clicked.
Figure27: Connection Details - Fixed/Dynamic IP Address
Data - Fixed/Dynamic IP address Screen
Internet
Physical Address
The hardware address of this device, as seen by remote devices on the
Internet. (This is different to the hardware address seen by devices on
the local LAN.)
IP Address
The IP Address of this device, as seen by Internet users. This address
is allocated by your ISP (Internet Service Provider).
Network Mask
The Network Mask associated with the IP Address above.
Default Gateway
The IP Address of the remote Gateway or Router associated with the
IP Address above.
DNS IP Address
DHCP Client
The IP Address of the Domain Name Server which is currently used.
This will show "Enabled" or "Disabled", depending on whether or not
this device is functioning as a DHCP client.
If "Enabled" the "Remaining lease time" field indicates when the IP
Address allocated by the DHCP Server will expire. The lease is
automatically renewed on expiry; use the "Renew" button if you wish
to manually renew the lease immediately.
Buttons
Release/Renew
This button is only useful if the IP address shown above is allocated
automatically on connection. (Dynamic IP address). If you have a
Fixed (Static) IP address, this button has no effect.
Button will display
EITHER
"Release"
·
If the ISP's DHCP Server has NOT allocated an IP Address for
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OR
VRT-311 / VRT-311S, this button will say "Renew". Clicking
"Renew"
the "Renew" button will attempt to re-establish the connection
and obtain an IP Address from the ISP's DHCP Server.
·
If an IP Address has been allocated to VRT-311 / VRT-311S (by
the ISP's DHCP Server), this button will say "Release". Clicking
the "Release" button will break the connection and release the IP
Address.
Refresh
Update the data shown on screen.
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Chapter 6
Internet Features
This Chapter explains when and how to use VRT-311 / VRT-311S's "Internet"
Features.
Overview
The following advanced features are provided.
·
·
WAN Port Confuguration
Advanced Internet
·
·
·
·
Communication Applications
Special Applications
Multi-DMZ
URL filter
·
·
·
Dynamic DNS
Virtual Servers
Options
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WAN Port Configuration
The WAN Port Configuration screen provides an alternative to using the Wizard. It can be
accessed from the Internet menu. An example screen is shown below.
Figure28: WAN Port Configuration Screen
Data – WAN Port Configuration Screen
Identification
Hostname
Normally, there is no need to change the default name, but if your ISP
requests that you use a particular “Hostname”, enter it here.
Domain name
MAC Address
If your ISP provided a domain name, enter it here. Otherwise, this
may be left blank.
Also called Network Adapter Address or Physical Address. This is a
low-level identifier, as seen from the WAN port.
Normally there is no need to change this, but some ISPs require a
particular value, often that of the PC initially used for Internet access.
You can use the Copy from PC button to copy your PC's address into
this field, the Default button to insert the default value, or enter a
value directly.
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Internet Features
IP Address
IP Address
is assigned auto-
matically
Also called Dynamic IP Address. This is the default, and the most
common.
Leave this selected if your ISP allocates an IP Address to VRT-311 /
VRT-311S upon connection.
Specified
IP Address
Also called Static IP Address. Select this if your ISP has allocated
you a fixed IP Address. If this option is selected, the following data
must be entered.
·
IP Address.
The IP Address allocated by the ISP.
·
Network Mask (Not required for PPPoE)
This is also supplied by your ISP. It must be compatible with the
IP Address above.
·
Gateway IP Address (Not required for PPPoE)
The address of the router or gateway, as supplied by your ISP.
NAT
Enable NAT
NAT (Network Address Translation) is the technology which allows
all PCs on your LAN to share the Internet IP address allocated to the
WAN port on this Router. From the Internet, all PCs appear to have
the same IP address.
For normal operation, this setting must be ENABLED.
Disable NAT
Disabling NAT will disable Internet access, unless all PCs have
valid Internet IP addresses.
If you wish to use this device for Routing ONLY (and NOT for
Internet access), then NAT should be disabled.
DNS
Automatically
obtain from
Server
The DNS (Domain Name Server) address will be obtained automati-
cally from your ISP's server. Note that if using a fixed IP address,
with no login (login is set to "None"), then no Server is used, and this
option cannot be used.
Use this DNS
If this option is selected, you must enter the IP address of the DNS
(Domain Name Server) you wish to use.
Note: If the DNS is unavailable, the "Backup DNS", entered on the
Internet - Options screen, will be used.
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Login
Login Method
If your ISP does not use a login method (username, password) for
Internet access, leave this at the default value "None (Direct connec-
tion)"
Otherwise, check the documentation from your ISP, select the login
method used, and enter the required data.
·
PPPoE - this is the most common login method, widely used
with DSL modems. Normally, your ISP will have provided some
software to connect and login. This software is no longer re-
quired, and should not be used.
·
PPTP - this is mainly used in Europe. You need to know the
PPTP Server address as well as your name and password.
·
·
Big Pond Cable - for Australia only.
SingTel RAS - for Singapore only.
Login User Name
Login Password
RAS Plan
The User Name (or account name) provided by your ISP.
Enter the password for the login name above.
For SingTel customers only, select the RAS plan you are on.
Server Address
If using PPTP or Big Pond Cable, enter the address of your ISP's
server.
For PPPoE or SingTel RAS, the Server address in not required.
Select the desired option:
Connection
behavior
·
Automatic Connect/Disconnect
An Internet connection is automatically made when required, and
disconnected when idle for the time period specified by the
"Auto-disconnect Idle Time-out".
·
·
Manual Connect/Disconnect
You must manually establish and terminate the connection.
Keep alive (maintain connection)
The connection will never be disconnected by this device. If dis-
connected by your ISP, the connection will be re-established
immediately. (However, this does not ensure that your Internet IP
address will remain unchanged.)
Auto-disconnect
Idle Time-out
This field has no effect unless the setting above is Automatic Con-
nect/Disconnect.
If Auto-disconnect is being used, enter the desired idle time-out
period (in minutes). After the connection to your ISP has been idle for
this time period, the connection will be terminated.
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Internet Features
Advanced Internet
Figure29: Internet Screen
This screen allows configuration of all advanced features relating to Internet access.
·
·
·
·
Communication Applications
Special Applications
Multi-DMZ
URL filter
Communication Applications
Most applications are supported transparently by VRT-311 / VRT-311S. But sometimes it is
not clear which PC should receive an incoming connection. This problem could arise with the
Communication Applications listed on this screen.
If this problem arises, you can use this screen to set which PC should receive an incoming
connection, as described below.
Communication Applications
Select an Application
This lists applications which may generate incoming connections,
where the destination PC (on your local LAN) is unknown.
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Send incoming calls to This lists the PCs on your LAN.
·
·
·
If necessary, you can add PCs manually, using the PC Data-
base option on the Other menu.
For each application listed above, you can choose a destina-
tion PC.
There is no need to "Save" after each change; you can set the
destination PC for each application, then click "Save".
Special Applications
If you use Internet applications which use non-standard connections or port numbers, you may
find that they do not function correctly because they are blocked by VRT-311 / VRT-311S 's
firewall. In this case, you can define the application as a "Special Application".
Special Applications Screen
This screen can be reached by clicking the Special Applications button on the Advanced Inter-
net screen.
You can then define your Special Applications. You will need detailed information about the
application; this is normally available from the supplier of the application.
Also, note that the terms "Incoming" and "Outgoing" on this screen refer to traffic from the
client (PC) viewpoint
Figure30: Special Applications Screen
Data - Special Applications Screen
Checkbox
Name
Use this to Enable or Disable this Special Application as required.
Enter a descriptive name to identify this Special Application.
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Internet Features
·
·
Type - Select the protocol (TCP or UDP) used when you receive data
from the special application or service. (Note: Some applications use
different protocols for outgoing and incoming data).
Incoming
Ports
Start - Enter the beginning of the range of port numbers used by the
application server, for data you receive. If the application uses a single
port number, enter it in both the "Start" and "Finish" fields.
·
·
·
Finish - Enter the end of the range of port numbers used by the applica-
tion server, for data you receive.
Type - Select the protocol (TCP or UDP) used when you send data to
the remote system or service.
Outgoing
Ports
Start - Enter the beginning of the range of port numbers used by the
application server, for data you send to it. If the application uses a single
port number, enter it in both the "Start" and "Finish" fields.
·
Finish - Enter the end of the range of port numbers used by the applica-
tion server, for data you send to it. If the application uses a single port
number, enter it in both the "Start" and "Finish" fields.
Using a Special Application
·
·
Configure the Special Applications screen as required.
On your PC, use the application normally. Remember that only one (1) PC can use each
Special application at any time. Also, when 1 PC is finished using a particular Special Ap-
plication, there may need to be a "Time-out" before another PC can use the same Special
Application. The "Time-out" period may be up to 3 minutes.
If an application still cannot function correctly,
try using the "DMZ" feature.
Multi-DMZ
This feature, if enabled, allows one (1) or more computers on your LAN to be exposed to all
users on the Internet. You can set a DMZ PC for each WAN IP address. If you only have 1
WAN IP addresses, only 1 DMZ PC can be used.
This allows unrestricted 2-way communication between the "DMZ PC" and other Internet users
or Servers.
·
·
·
·
This allows almost any application to be used on the "DMZ PC".
The "DMZ PC" will receive all "Unknown" connections and data.
If the DMZ feature is enabled, you must select the PC to be used as the "DMZ PC".
To use more than one (1) DMZ, your ISP must assign multiple fixed IP addresses to you.
You must enter each IP address; you can then assign a DMZ PC for each IP address.
The "DMZ PC" is effectively outside the Firewall, mak-
ing it more vulnerable to attacks. For this reason, you
should only enable the DMZ feature when required.
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URL Filter
The URL Filter allows you to block access to undesirable Web site
·
·
·
To use this feature, you must define "filter strings". If the "filter string" appears in a re-
quested URL, the request is blocked.
Enabling the URL Filter also affects the Internet Access Log. If Enabled, the "Destination"
field in the log will display the URL. Otherwise, it will display the IP Address.
The URL Filter can be Enabled or Disabled on the Advanced Internet screen.
URL Filter Screen
Click the "Configure URL Filter" button on the Advanced Internet screen to access the URL
Filter screen. An example screen is shown below.
Figure31: URL Filter Screen
Data - URL Filter Screen
Filter Strings
Current Entries
This lists any existing entries. If you have not entered any values, this
list will be empty.
Add Filter String To add an entry to the list, enter it here, and click the "Add" button.
An entry may be a Domain name (e.g. www.trash.com) or simply a
string. (e.g. ads/ )
Any URL which contains ANY entry ANYWHERE in the URL will be
blocked.
Buttons
Delete/Delete All Use these buttons to delete the selected entry or all entries, as required.
Multiple entries can be selected by holding down the CTRL key while
selecting. (On the Macintosh, hold the SHIFT key while selecting.)
Add
Use this to add the current Filter String to the site list.
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Internet Features
Dynamic DNS (Domain Name Server)
This free service is very useful when combined with the Virtual Server feature. It allows Inter-
net users to connect to your Virtual Servers using a URL, rather than an IP Address.
This also solves the problem of having a dynamic IP address. With a dynamic IP address, your
IP address may change whenever you connect, which makes it difficult to connect to you.
The Service works as follows:
1. You must register for the service at one of the listed DDNS Service providers.
2. After registration, follow the Service Provider's procedure to request a Domain Name, and
have it allocated to you.
3. Enter your DDNS data on VRT-311 / VRT-311S 's DDNS screen (shown below).
4. VRT-311 / VRT-311S will then automatically ensure that your current IP Address is
recorded and updated at the DDNS server.
If the DDNS Service provides software to perform this "IP address update"; you should
disable the "Update" function, or not use the software at all.
5. From the Internet, users will be able to connect to your Virtual Servers (or DMZ PC) using
your Domain name, as shown on this screen.
Dynamic DNS Screen
Select Internet on the main menu, then Dynamic DNS, to see a screen like the following:
Figure32: DDNS Screen
Data - Dynamic DNS Screen
DDNS Service
DDNS Service
·
You must register for the service at one of the listed Service
Providers. You can reach the Service provider's Web Site by se-
lecting them in the list and clicking the "Web Site" button.
·
·
Apply for a Domain Name, and ensure it is allocated to you.
Details of your DDNS account (Name, password, Domain name)
must then be entered and saved on this screen.
·
This device will then automatically ensure that your current IP
Address is recorded by the DDNS Service Provider. (You do
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NOT need to use the "Client" program provided by some DDNS
Service providers.)
·
From the Internet, users will now be able to connect to your
Virtual Servers (or DMZ PC) using your Domain name.
DDNS Data
DDNS Service
User Name
Select the desired DDNS Service provider.
Enter your Username for the DDNS Service.
Enter your current password for the DDNS Service.
Password/Key
Domain Name
Enter the domain name allocated to you by the DDNS Service. If you
have more than one name, enter the name you wish to use.
·
·
This message is returned by the DDNS Server
DDNS Status
Normally, this message should be something like "Update suc-
cessful" or "IP address updated".
·
If the message indicates some problem, you need to connect to
the DDNS Service provider and correct this problem.
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Internet Features
Virtual Servers
This feature allows you to make Servers on your LAN accessible to Internet users. Normally,
Internet users would not be able to access a server on your LAN because:
·
·
Your Server does not have a valid external IP Address.
Attempts to connect to devices on your LAN are blocked by the firewall in this device.
The "Virtual Server" feature solves these problems and allows Internet users to connect to your
servers, as illustrated below.
Figure33: Virtual Servers
IP Address seen by Internet Users
Note that, in this illustration, both Internet users are connecting to the same IP Address, but
using different protocols.
To Internet users, all virtual Servers on your LAN have the same IP Address.
This IP Address is allocated by your ISP.
This address should be static, rather than dynamic, to make it easier for Internet users to con-
nect to your Servers.
However, you can use the DDNS (Dynamic DNS) feature to allow users to connect to your
Virtual Servers using a URL, instead of an IP Address.
Using the DMZ port for Virtual Servers
You should connect your Virtual Servers to the DMZ port, for the following reasons:
·
Traffic passing between the DMZ and LAN passes through the firewall. The firewall will
protect your LAN if your Server is compromised and used to launch an attack on your
LAN.
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·
For each enabled Virtual Server, a firewall rule to allow incoming traffic from the Internet
(WAN) to the DMZ is automatically created. If the Server is connected to the LAN (hub)
ports, you must add the firewall rule manually.
Note that the DMZ port is a normal port, not an "uplink" port. If connecting to a hub, connect
to the standard port on the hub.
Virtual Servers Screen
The Virtual Servers screen is reached by the Virtual Servers link on the Internet menu. An
example screen is shown below.
Figure34: Virtual Servers Screen
This screen lists a number of pre-defined Servers, providing a quick and convenient method to
set up the common server types.
Data - Virtual Servers Screen
Servers
Servers
This lists a number of pre-defined Servers, plus any Servers you
have defined. Details of the selected Server are shown in the "Prop-
erties" area.
Properties
Enable
Use this to Enable or Disable support for this Server, as required.
·
If Enabled, any incoming connections will be forwarded to the
selected PC.
·
If Disabled, any incoming connection attempts will be blocked.
PC (Server)
Select the PC for this Server. The PC must be running the appropri-
ate Server software.
Defining your own Virtual Servers
If the type of Server you wish to use is not listed on the Virtual Servers screen, you can use the
Firewall Rules to allow particular incoming traffic and forward it to a specified PC (Server).
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Internet Features
Connecting to the Virtual Servers
Once configured, anyone on the Internet can connect to your Virtual Servers. They must use the
Internet IP Address (the IP Address allocated to you by your ISP).
e.g.
http://203.70.212.52
ftp://203.70.212.52
It is more convenient if you are using a Fixed IP Address from your ISP, rather than Dynamic.
However, you can use the Dynamic DNS feature, described in the following section, to allow
users to connect to your Virtual Servers using a URL, rather than an IP Address.
Options
This screen allows advanced users to enter or change a number of settings. For normal opera-
tion, there is no need to use this screen or change any settings.
Figure35: Options Screen
Data - Options Screen
Backup DNS
IP Address
Enter the IP Address of the DNS (Domain Name Servers) here. These
DNS will be used only if the primary DNS is unavailable.
MTU
MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) value should only be changed if
advised to do so by Technical Support.
MTU size
·
·
Enter a value between 1 and 1500.
This device will still auto-negotiate with the remote server, to set
the MTU size. The smaller of the 2 values (auto-negotiated, or en-
tered here) will be used.
·
For direct connections (not PPPoE or PPTP), the MTU used is
always 1500.
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Chapter 7
Security Configuration
This Chapter explains the settings available via the security configuration
section of the "Security" menu.
Overview
The following advanced configurations are provided.
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
Admin Login
Access Control
Firewall Rules
Logs
E-mail
Security Options
Scheduling
Services
Admin Login
The Admin Login screen allows you to assign a user name and password to VRT-311 / VRT-
311S .
Figure36: Admin Login Screen
1. The default login name is "admin". Change this to the desired value.
2. The default password is blank (no password). Enter the desired password in the New
Password and Verify Password fields.
3. Save your changes.
You will see a login prompt when you connect to VRT-311 / VRT-311S, as shown below.
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Security Configuration
Figure37: Password Dialog
Enter the "User Name" and "Password" you set on the Admin Login screen above.
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Access Control
This feature is accessed by the Access Control link on the Security menu.
The Access Control feature allows administrators to restrict the level of Internet Access avail-
able to PCs on your LAN. With the default settings, everyone has unrestricted Internet access.
To use this feature:
1. Set the desired restrictions on the "Default" group. All PCs are in the "Default" group
unless explicitly moved to another group.
2. Set the desired restrictions on the other groups ("Group 1", "Group 2", "Group 3" and
"Group 4") as needed.
3. Assign PC to the groups as required.
Restrictions are imposed by blocking "Services", or types of
connections. All common Services are pre-defined.
If required, you can also define your own Services.
Access Control Screen
To view this screen, select the Access Control link on the Security menu.
Figure38: Access Control Screen
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Security Configuration
Data - Access Control Screen
Group
Group
Select the desired Group. The screen will update to display the
settings for the selected Group. Groups are named "Default",
"Group 1", "Group 2", "Group 3" and "Group 4", and cannot be re-
named.
"Members" Button
Click this button to add or remove members from the current
Group.
·
If the current group is "Default", then members can not be
added or deleted. This group contains PCs not allocated to any
other group.
·
·
To remove PCs from the Default Group, assign them to another
Group.
To assign PCs to the Default Group, delete them from the
Group they are currently in.
See the following section for details of the Group Members screen.
Internet Access
Restrictions
Select the desired options for the current group:
·
·
·
None - Nothing is blocked. Use this to create the least restric-
tive group.
Block all Internet access - All traffic via the WAN port is
blocked. Use this to create the most restrictive group.
Block selected Services - You can select which Services are to
block. Use this to gain fine control over the Internet access for
a group.
Block by Schedule
Services
If Internet access is being blocked, you can choose to apply the
blocking only during scheduled times. (If access is not blocked, no
Scheduling is possible, and this setting has no effect.)
To define the schedule, use the Schedule option on the menu.
This lists all defined Services. Select the Services you wish to
block. To select multiple services, hold the CTRL key while select-
ing. (On the Macintosh, hold the SHIFT key rather than CTRL.)
Buttons
Members
Click this button to add or remove members from the current
Group.
If the current group is "Default", then members can not be added or
deleted. This group contains PCs not allocated to any other group.
See the following section for details of the Group Members screen.
Save the data on screen.
Save
Cancel
View Log
Reverse any changes made since the last "Save".
Click this to open a sub-window where you can view the "Access
Control" log. This log shows attempted Internet accesses which
have been blocked by the Access Control feature.
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Clear Log
Click this to clear and restart the "Access Control" log, making new
entries easier to read.
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Security Configuration
Group Members Screen
This screen is displayed when the Members button on the Access Control screen is clicked.
Figure39: Group Members
Use this screen to add or remove members (PCs) from the current group.
·
The "Del >>" button will remove the selected PC (in the Members list) from the current
group.
·
The "<< Add" button will add the selected PC (in the Other PCs list) to the current group.
PCs not assigned to any group will be in the
"Default" group.
PCs deleted from any other Group will be added
to the "Default" group.
Access Control Log
To check the operation of the Access Control feature, an Access Control Log is provided. Click
the View Log button on the Access Control screen to view this log.
This log shows attempted Internet accesses which have been blocked by the Access Control
function.
Data shown in this log is as follows:
Date/Time
Name
Date and Time of the attempted access.
If known, the name of the PC whose access was blocked. This name
is taken from the Network Clients database
Source IP address
MAC address
Destination
The IP Address of the PC or device whose access request was
blocked
The hardware or physical address of the PC or device whose access
request was blocked
The destination URL or IP address
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Firewall Rules
For normal operation and LAN protection, it is not necessary to use this screen.
The Firewall will always block DoS (Denial of Service) attacks. A DoS attack does not attempt
to steal data or damage your PCs, but overloads your Internet connection so you can not use it -
the service is unavailable.
As well, you can use this screen to create Firewall rules to block or allow specific traffic. But
incorrect configuration may cause serious problems.
This feature is for advanced administrators only!
Firewall Rules Screen
Click the Firewall Rules option on the Security menu to see a screen like the following example.
This example contains two (2) rules for outgoing traffic.
Since the default rule for outgoing (LAN => WAN) traffic is "Allow",
having an "Allow" rule for LAN => WAN only makes sense in
combination with another rule.
For example, the screen below shows a rule blocking all traffic to
a MSN Game Server, followed by another rule allowing access by
a specific PC.
Figure40: Firewall Rules Screen
Data - Firewall Rules Screen
Rule List
View Rules for .. Select the desired option; the screen will update and list any current
rules. If you have not defined any rules, the list will be empty.
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Security Configuration
For each rule, the following data is shown:
Data
·
·
Name - The name you assigned to the rule.
Source - The traffic covered by this rule, defined by the source IP
address. If the IP address is followed by ... this indicates there is
range of IP addresses, rather than a single address.
·
Destination - The traffic covered by this rule, defined by destina-
tion IP address. If the IP address is followed by ... this indicates
there is range of IP addresses, rather than a single address.
·
Action - Action will be "Forward" or "Block"
To add a new rule, click the "Add" button, and complete the resulting
screen. See the following section for more details.
Add
To Edit or modify an existing rule, select it and click the "Edit" button.
Edit
There are 2 ways to change the order of rules
Move
·
·
Use the up and down indicators on the right to move the selected
rule. You must confirm your changes by clicking "OK". If you
change your mind before clicking "OK", click "Cancel" to reverse
your changes.
Click "Move" to directly specify a new location for the selected
rule.
To delete an existing rule, select it and click the "Delete" button.
Delete
Clicking the "View Log" button will open a new window and display
the Firewall log.
View Log
Clicking the "System Rules" button will open a new window and
display the default firewall rules currently applied by the system. These
rules cannot be edited, but any rules you create will take precedence
over the default rules.
System Rules
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Define Firewall Rule
Clicking the "Add" button in the Firewall Rules screen will display a screen like the example
below.
Figure41: Define Firewall Rule
Data - Define Firewall Rule Screen
Name
Type
Enter a suitable name for this rule.
This determines the source and destination ports for traffic cov-
ered by this rule. Select the desired option.
Source IP
These settings determine which traffic, based on their source IP
address, is covered by this rule.
Select the desired option:
·
·
Any - All traffic from the source port is covered by this rule.
Single address - Enter the required IP address in the "Start IP
address" field". You can ignore the "Subnet Mask" field.
·
·
Range address - If this option is selected, you must complete
both the "Start IP address" and "Finish IP address" fields.
You can ignore the "Subnet Mask" field.
Subnet address - If this option is selected, enter the required
mask in the "Subnet Mask" field.
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Security Configuration
Dest IP
These settings determine which traffic, based on their destination
IP address, is covered by this rule.
Select the desired option:
·
·
Any - All traffic from the source port is covered by this rule.
Single address - Enter the required IP address in the "Start IP
address" field". You can ignore the "Subnet Mask" field.
·
·
Range address - If this option is selected, you must complete
both the "Start IP address" and "Finish IP address" fields.
You can ignore the "Subnet Mask" field.
Subnet address - If this option is selected, enter the required
mask in the "Subnet Mask" field.
Services
Select the desired Service or Services. This determines which
packets are covered by this rule, based on the protocol (TPC or
UDP) and port number. If necessary, you can define a new Ser-
vice on the "Services" screen, by defining the protocols and port
numbers used by the Service.
Action
Log
Select the desired action for packets covered by this rule:
This determines whether packets covered by this rule are logged.
Select the desired option.
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Logs
The Logs record various types of activity on VRT-311 / VRT-311S. This data is useful for
troubleshooting, but enabling all logs will generate a large amount of data and adversely affect
performance.
Since only a limited amount of log data can be stored in VRT-311 / VRT-311S, log data can
also be E-mailed to your PC or sent to a Syslog Server.
Figure42: Logs Screen
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Security Configuration
Data - Logs Screen
Enable Logs
Incoming Traffic Select the desired option:
·
All IP traffic - this will log all incoming TCP/IP connections, of
any type. This will generate the largest logs, and fill the internal
log buffer more quickly.
·
All TCP/UDP/ICMP traffic - These 3 protocols are used by most
internet traffic. TCP is used by HTTP, FTP, Telnet, E-mail and
other common Internet protocols and applications. UDP is used by
Video streams and other communications where speed is more im-
portant than guaranteed delivery. ICMP is used by the "ping" and
"trace route" applications, and other network diagnostics.
Outgoing Traffic Select the desired option:
·
All IP traffic - - this will log all outgoing TCP/IP connections, of
any type. This will generate the largest logs, and fill the internal
log buffer more quickly.
·
All TCP/UDP/ICMP traffic - These 3 protocols are used by most
internet traffic. TCP is used by HTTP, FTP, Telnet, E-mail and
other common Internet protocols and applications. UDP is used by
Video streams and other communications where speed is more im-
portant than guaranteed delivery. ICMP is used by the "ping" and
"trace route" applications, and other network diagnostics.
Because most connections are logged, the logs will still be large.
·
Selected Traffic only - This selection will reduce the size of the
log considerably. Only HTTP connections are logged. Select the
traffic you wish to include:
·
Attempted access to blocked sites - This will only log Web
connections which are blocked by the URL filter.
·
Websites and news groups - This logs successful (allowed)
connections to Web Sites and newsgroup servers.
System Log
Select the desired option:
·
Router operations (start up, get time etc) - This option will log
normal Router operations.
·
Connections to the Web - based interface of this Router - This
option will log each connection to the Router itself, whenever the
Web-based management interface is used.
·
·
Other connections and traffic to this Router - This option will
log other traffic sent to the Router itself, such as "pings" or RIP
(Router Information Protocol) packets.
Known DoS attacks and Port Scans - This will log details of
DoS (Denial of Service) attacks which have been blocked by the
built-in Firewall. This Firewall uses "Stateful Inspection" technol-
ogy to block packets which are individually valid, but collectively
form an attack. Port scans, where a series of ports are checked to
see if they are open (available) are also logged.
VPN
If enabled, the VPN log will record incoming and outgoing VPN
connections.
View Log Button Use this to view each log, as required.
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Clear Log
Button
Use this to restart the required log. This makes it easier to read the
latest entries.
Timezone
Timezone
Select the correct Timezone for your location. This is required for the
date/time shown on the logs to be correct.
Syslog Server
Enable Syslog
Syslog Server
Include
If enabled, log data will be sent to your Syslog Server.
Enter the IP address of your Syslog Server.
Select the logs you wish to be included in the data sent to the Syslog
Server.
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Security Configuration
E-mail
Figure43: E-Mail Screen
Data – E-Mail Screen
E-Mail Alerts
Send E-Mail alert
If enabled, an E-mail will be sent immediately if a DoS (Denial of
Service) attack is detected. If enabled, the E-mail address
information must be provided.
E-Mail Logs
Send Logs by E-Mail
If enabled, logs will be logs to the specified E-mail address. You
need to select the Logs to be E-mailed, and complete the E-mail
address settings on this screen.
Include
Send
Select the log items to be included in the E-mail.
Select the desired option for sending the log by E-mail.
·
·
When log is full - The time is not fixed. The log will be sent
when the log is full, which will depend on the volume of traf-
fic.
Every day, Every Monday... - The log is sent on the interval
specified.
·
If "Every day" is selected, the log is sent at the time
specified.
·
If the day is specified, the log is sent once per week, on
the specified day.
·
·
Select the time of day you wish the E-mail to be sent.
If the log is full before the time specified to send it, it
will be sent regardless.
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E-mail address
Subject
Enter the E-mail address the Log is to be sent to. The E-mail will
also show this address as the Sender's address.
Enter the text string to be shown in the "Subject" field for the E-
mail.
SMTP Server
Port No.
Enter the address or address or IP address of the SMTP (Simple
Mail Transport Protocol) Server you use for outgoing E-mail.
Enter the port number used to connect to the SMTP Server. The
default value is 25.
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Security Configuration
Security Options
This screen allows you to set Firewall and other security-related options.
Figure44: Security Options Screen
Data - Security Options Screen
Firewall
If enabled, DoS (Denial of Service) attacks will be detected and
blocked. The default is enabled. It is strongly recommended that this
setting be left enabled.
Enable DoS
Firewall
Note:
·
·
A DoS attack does not attempt to steal data or damage your PCs,
but overloads your Internet connection so you can not use it - the
service is unavailable.
This device uses "Stateful Inspection" technology. This system can
detect situations where individual TCP/IP packets are valid, but
collectively they become a DoS attack.
This setting affects the number of "half-open" connections allowed.
Threshold
·
·
·
A "half-open" connection arises when a remote client contacts the
Server with a connection request, but then does not reply to the
Server's response.
While the optimum number of "half-open" connections allowed
(the "Threshold") depends on many factors, the most important
factor is the available bandwidth of your Internet connection.
Select the setting to match the bandwidth of your Internet connec-
tion.
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Options
The ICMP protocol is used by the "ping" and "trace route" programs,
and by network monitoring and diagnostic programs.
Respond to ICMP
(ping)
·
If checked, VRT-311 / VRT-311S will respond to ICMP packets
received from the Internet.
·
If not checked, ICMP packets from the Internet will be ignored.
Disabling this option provides a slight increase in security.
If enabled, PCs on the LAN can use VPN software to connect to
remote clients via the Internet connection. The protocols supported
are:
Allow VPN pass-
through
·
·
·
IPSec
IPSec protocol is used to establish a secure connection, and is
widely used by VPN (Virtual Private Networking) programs.
PPTP
PPTP (Point to Point Tunneling Protocol) is widely used by VPN
(Virtual Private Networking) programs.
L2TP
L2TP is a protocol developed by Cisco for VPNs (Virtual Private
Networks).
If enabled, fragmented IP packets are discarded, forcing re-
transmission of these packets. In some situations, this could prevent
successful communication.
Drop fragmented
IP packets
Normally, this setting should be disabled.
A TCP flood is excessively large number of TCP connection requests.
This is usually a DoS (Denial of Service) attack.
Block TCP Flood
Block UDP Flood
This setting should normally be enabled.
A UDP flood is excessively large number of UDP packets. This is
usually a DoS (Denial of Service) attack.
This setting should normally be enabled.
Abnormal packets are often used by hackers and in DoS attacks, but
may also be generated by mis-configured network devices. (PCs will
normally not generate non-standard packets.)
Block non-
standard packets
This setting should normally be enabled.
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Security Configuration
Scheduling
·
·
This schedule can be (optionally) applied to any Access Control Group.
Blocking will be performed during the scheduled time (between the "Start" and "Finish"
times.)
·
·
·
Two (2) separate sessions or periods can be defined.
Times must be entered using a 24 hr clock.
If the time for a particular day is blank, no action will be performed.
Define Schedule Screen
This screen is accessed by the Scheduling link on the Security menu.
Figure45: Define Schedule Screen
Data - Define Schedule Screen
Day
Each day of the week can scheduled independently.
Session 1
Session 2
Two (2) separate sessions or periods can be defined. Session 2 can be
left blank if not required.
Start Time
Enter the start using a 24 hr clock.
Finish Time
Enter the finish time using a 24 hr clock.
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Services
Services are used in defining traffic to be blocked or allowed by the Access Control or Firewall
Rules features. Many common Services are pre-defined, but you can also define your own
services if required.
To view the Services screen, select the Services link on the Security menu.
Figure46: Services Screen
Data - Services Screen
Available Services
Available Services This lists all defined Services.
Delete Button
Use this to delete the selected Service from the list.
Note that you can only delete Services you have added; the pre-
defined services can not be deleted.
Add New Service
Name
Enter a suitable name for this Service.
Select the correct type for this Service.
Type
Start Port
If the "Type" (above) is TCP, UDP, or TCP/UDP, enter the port
number for this Service. If a port range is required, enter the begin-
ning of the range here, and the end of the range in the "Finish Port"
field.
Finish Port
ICMP Type
If the "Type" (above) is TCP, UDP, or TCP/UDP, this field can be
used to enter the end of range of port numbers. This can be left blank
if not required.
If the "Type" (above) is ICMP, enter the ICMP type here. Otherwise,
this field should be left blank.
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Chapter 8
VPN (IPSec)
This Chapter describes the VPN capabilities and configuration required for
common situations.
Overview
This section describes the VPN (Virtual Private Network) support provided by your VRT-311 /
VRT-311S.
A VPN (Virtual Private Network) provides a secure connection between 2 points, over an
insecure network - typically the Internet. This secure connection is called a VPN Tunnel.
There are many standards and protocols for VPNs. The standard implemented in VRT-311 /
VRT-311S is IPSec.
IPSec
IPSec is a near-ubiquitous VPN security standard, designed for use with TCP/IP networks. It
works at the packet level, and authenticates and encrypts all packets traveling over the VPN
Tunnel. Thus, it does not matter what applications are used on your PC. Any application can
use the VPN like any other network connection.
IPsec VPNs exchange information through logical connections called SAs (Security Associa-
tions). An SA is simply a definition of the protocols, algorithms and keys used between the two
VPN devices (endpoints).
Each IPsec VPN has two SAs - one in each direction. If IKE (Internet Key Exchange) is used
to generate and exchange keys, there are also SA's for the IKE connection as well as the IPsec
connection.
There are two security modes possible with IPSec:
·
Transport Mode - the payload (data) part of the packet is encapsulated through encryp-
tion but the IP header remains in the clear (unchanged).
VRT-311 / VRT-311S does NOT support Transport Mode.
·
Tunnel Mode - everything is encapsulated, including the original IP header, and a new IP
header is generated. Only the new header in the clear (i.e. not protected). This system pro-
vides enhanced security.
VRT-311 / VRT-311S always uses Tunnel Mode.
IKE
IKE (Internet Key Exchange) is an optional, but widely used, component of IPsec. IKE pro-
vides a method of negotiating and generating the keys and IDs required by IPSec. If using IKE,
only a single key is required to be provided during configuration. Also, IKE supports using
Certificates (provided by CAs - Certification Authorities) to authenticate the identify of the
remote user or gateway.
If IKE is NOT used, then all keys and IDs (SPIs) must be entered manually, and Certificates
can NOT be used. This is called a "Manual Key Exchange".
When using IKE, there are 2 phases to establishing the VPN tunnel:
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·
·
Phase I is the negotiation and establishment up of the IKE connection.
Phase II is the negotiation and establishment up of the IPsec connection.
Because the IKE and IPsec connections are separate, they have different SAs (security associa-
tions).
Policies
VPN configuration settings are stored in Policies.
Note that different vendors use different terms. Generally, the terms "VPN Policy", "IPSec
Policy", and "IPSec Proposal" have the same meaning. However, some vendors separate IKE
Policies (Phase 1 parameters) from IPSec Policies (Phase 2 parameters).
For VRT-311 / VRT-311S; each VPN policy contains both Phase 1 and Phase 2 parameters (if
IKE is used). Each policy defines:
·
·
·
·
The address of the remote VPN endpoint
The traffic which is allowed to use the VPN connection.
The parameters (settings) for the IPsec SA (Security Association)
If IKE is used, the parameters (settings) for the IKE SA (Security Association)
Generally, you will need at least one (1) VPN Policy for each remote site for which you wish to
establish VPN connections.
It is possible, and sometimes necessary, to have multiple Policies for the same remote site.
However, you should only Enable one (1) policy at a time. If multiple policies for the same
remote site are enabled, the policies are examined in the order in which they are listed, and the
first matching policy will be used. While it is possible to change the order of the policies, it
may not be easy to get the desired action from multiple policies.
VPN Configuration
The general rule is that each endpoint must have matching Policies, as follows:
VPN Endpoint
address
Each VPN endpoint must be configured to initiate or accept connec-
tions to the remote VPN client or Gateway.
Usually, this requires having a fixed Internet IP address. However, it is
possible for a VPN Gateway to accept incoming connections from a
remote client where the client's IP address is not known in advance.
Traffic Selector
This determines which outgoing traffic will cause a VPN connection to
be established, and which incoming traffic will be accepted. Each
endpoint must be configured to pass and accept the desired traffic from
the remote endpoint.
If connecting 2 LANs, this requires that:
·
Each endpoint must be aware of the IP addresses used on the other
endpoint.
·
The 2 LANs MUST use different IP address ranges.
IKE parameters
IPsec parameters
If using IKE (recommended), the IKE parameters must match (except
for the SA lifetime, which can be different).
The IPsec parameters at each endpoint must match.
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Common VPN Situations
VPN Pass-through
Figure47: VPN Pass-through
Here, a PC on the LAN behind the VRT-311 / VRT-311S is using VPN software, but the VRT-
311 / VRT-311S is NOT acting as a VPN endpoint. It is only allowing the VPN connection.
·
·
The PC software can use any VPN protocol supported by the remote VPN.
The remote VPN Server must support client PCs which are behind a NAT router, and so
have an IP address which is not valid on the Internet.
·
The VRT-311 / VRT-311S requires no VPN configuration, since it is not acting as a VPN
endpoint.
Client PC to VPN Gateway
Figure48: Client PC to VPN Server
In this situation, the PC must run appropriate VPN client software in order to connect, via the
Internet, to VRT-311 / VRT-311S. Once connected, the client PC has the same access to LAN
resources as PCs on the local LAN (unless restricted by the network administrator).
·
IPsec is not the only protocol which can be used in this situation, but VRT-311 / VRT-
311S supports IPsec ONLY.
·
Windows 2000 and Windows XP include a suitable IPsec VPN client program. Configura-
tion of this client program for use with VRT-311 / VRT-311S is covered later in this
document.
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Connecting 2 LANs via VPN
Figure49: Connecting 2 VPN Gateways
This allows two (2) LANs to be connected. PCs on each endpoint gain secure access to the
remote LAN.
·
·
The 2 LANs MUST use different IP address ranges.
The VPN Policies at each end determine when a VPN tunnel will be established, and what
systems on the remote LAN can be accessed once the VPN connection is established.
·
It is possible to have simultaneous VPN connections to many remote sites.
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VPN Configuration
This section covers the configuration required on VRT-311 / VRT-311S when using Manual
Key Exchange (Manual Policies) or IKE (Automatic Policies).
Details of using Certificates are covered in a later section.
VPN Policies Screen
To view this screen, select VPN Policies from the VPN menu. This screen lists all existing
VPN policies. If no policies exist, the list will be empty.
Figure50: VPN Policies Screen
Note that the order of policies is important if you have more than one policy for a particular site.
In that case, the first matching policy (for the traffic under consideration) will be used.
Data - VPN Policies Screen
VPN List
Policy Name
The name of the policy. When creating a policy, you should select a
suitable name.
Enable
This indicates whether or not the policy is currently enabled. Use the
"Enable/Disable" button to toggle the state of the selected policy.
Remote VPN
Endpoint
The IP address of the remote VPN endpoint (Gateway or client).
Key Type
This will indicate "Manual" (manual key exchange) or "IKE" (Internet
Key Exchange)
Operations
Add
To add a new policy, click the "Add" button. See the following section
for details.
Edit
To Edit or modify an existing policy, select it and click the "Edit" button.
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Move
The order in which policies are listed is only important if you have
multiple polices for the same remote site. In that case, the first matching
policy is used. There are 2 ways to change the order of policies:
·
Use the up and down indicators on the right to move the selected
row. You must confirm your changes by clicking "OK". If you
change your mind before clicking "OK", click "Cancel" to reverse
your changes.
·
Click "Move" to directly specify a new location for the selected
policy.
Enable/Disable Use this to toggle the On/Off state of the selected policy.
Copy
If you wish to create a policy which is similar to an existing policy, select
the policy and click the "Copy" button.
Remember that the new policy must have a different name, and there can
only be one active (enabled) policy for each remote VPN endpoint.
Delete
To delete an exiting policy, select it and click the "Delete" button.
View Log
Clicking the "View Log" button will open a new window and display the
VPN log.
Adding a New Policy
1. To create a new VPN Policy, click the Add New Policy button on the VPN Policies screen.
This will start the VPN Wizard, as shown below.
Figure51: VPN Wizard – Start Screen
·
If you prefer to use a single setup screen instead of a Wizard, click the Setup Screen button.
This is recommended for experienced users only.
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Microsoft VPN
·
Otherwise, click Next to continue. You will see a screen like the following.
Figure52: VPN Wizard – General Screen
General Settings
Policy Name
Enter a suitable name. This name is not supplied to the remote VPN. It is
used only to help you manage the policies.
Enable Policy
Enable or disable the policy as required. For each remote VPN, only 1
policy can be enabled at any time.
Allow NetBIOS Enable this if you require NetBIOS traffic to be transferred through the
traffic
VPN tunnel. NetBIOS is used by Microsoft (Windows) networking. This
setting should not be enabled unless necessary, because it increases
traffic volume.
Remote VPN
Endpoint
The Internet IP address of the remote VPN endpoint (Gateway or client).
·
Dynamic. Select this if the Internet IP address is unknown. In this
case, only incoming connections are possible.
·
Fixed. Select this if the remote endpoint has a fixed Internet IP
address. If selected, enter the Internet IP address of the remote end-
point.
·
Domain Name. Select this if the remote endpoint has a Domain
Name associated with it. If selected, enter the Domain Name of the
remote endpoint.
Keys
Select Manually assigned or IKE (Internet Key Exchange) as required.
If you are setting up both endpoints, using IKE is recommended.
2. Click Next to continue. You will see a screen like the following:
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Figure53: VPN Wizard - Traffic Selector Screen
For outgoing VPN connections, these settings determine which traffic will cause a VPN
·
·
·
tunnel to be created, and which traffic will be sent through the tunnel.
For incoming VPN connections, these settings determine which systems on your local LAN
will be available to the remote endpoint.
The 2 VPN endpoints MUST use different address ranges.
If the addresses were in the same range, traffic intended for the remote VPN would be con-
sidered local LAN traffic. So it would not be forwarded to the Gateway.
Local IP addresses
·
Any - no additional data is required. Any IP address is accept-
able.
Type
·
For outgoing connections, this allows any PC on the LAN to
use the VPN tunnel.
·
For incoming connections, this allows any PC using the re-
mote endpoint to access any PC on your LAN.
·
·
Single address - enter an IP address in the "Start IP address"
field.
Range address - enter the starting IP address in the "Start IP
address" field, and the finish IP address in the "Finish IP ad-
dress" field.
·
Subnet address - enter the desired IP address in the "Start IP
address" field, and the network mask in the "Subnet Mask" field.
The remote VPN must have these IP addresses entered as it's "Re-
mote" addresses.
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Remote IP addresses
·
Single address - enter an IP address in the "Start IP address"
field.
Type
·
Range address - enter the starting IP address in the "Start IP
address" field, and the finish IP address in the "Finish IP ad-
dress" field.
·
Subnet address - enter the desired IP address in the "Start IP
address" field, and the network mask in the "Subnet Mask" field.
The remote VPN should have these IP addresses entered as it's
"Local" addresses.
3. Click Next to continue. The screen you will see depends on whether you previously se-
lected "Manual Key Exchange" or "IKE".
Manual Key Exchange
Figure54: VPN Wizard - Manual Key Exchange Screen
These settings must match the remote VPN. Note that you cannot use both AH and ESP.
Manually assigned Keys
AH Authentication
AH (Authentication Header) specifies the authentication protocol
for the VPN header, if used. (AH is often NOT used)
If AH is not enabled, the following settings can be ignored.
Keys
·
The "in" key here must match the "out" key on the remote
VPN, and the "out" key here must match the "in" key on the
remote VPN.
·
·
·
Keys can be in ASCII or Hex (0..9 A..F)
For MD5, the keys should be 32 hex/16 ASCII characters.
For SHA-1, the keys should be 40 hex/20 ASCII characters.
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SPI
·
·
Each SPI (Security Parameter Index) must be unique.
The "in" SPI here must match the "out" SPI on the remote
VPN, and the "out" SPI here must match the "in" SPI on the
remote VPN.
·
Each SPI should be at least 3 characters.
ESP Encryption
ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload) provides security for the
payload (data) sent through the VPN tunnel. Generally, you will
want to enable both Encryption and Authentication.
Encryption Algorithm
·
The 3DES algorithm provides greater security than DES, but is
slower.
·
If using AES, you must select the Key Size. If using DES or
3DES, this field is ignored.
Key - In / Key - Out
·
The "In" key here must match the "Out" key on the remote
VPN, and the "Out" key here must match the "In" key on the
remote VPN.
·
·
For DES, keys should be 8 ASCII characters (16 HEX chars).
For 3DES, keys should be 24 ASCII characters (48 HEX
chars).
·
If using AES encryption, the key input size must match the Key
Size selected above.
ESP Authentication Generally, you should enable ESP Authentication. There is little
difference between the available algorithms. Just ensure each
endpoint use the same setting.
·
The "In" key here must match the "Out" key on the remote
VPN, and the "Out" key here must match the "In" key on the
remote VPN.
·
·
·
Keys can be in ASCII or Hex (0 ~ 9 and A ~ F)
For MD5, the keys should be 32 hex/16 ASCII characters.
For SHA-1, the keys should be 40 hex/20 ASCII characters.
ESP SPI
This is required if either ESP Encryption or ESP Authentica-
tion is enabled.
·
·
Each SPI (Security Parameter Index) must be unique.
The "in" SPI here must match the "out" SPI on the remote
VPN, and the "out" SPI here must match the "in" SPI on the
remote VPN.
·
Each SPI should be at least 3 characters.
For Manual Key Exchange, configuration is now complete.
·
·
Click "Next" to view the final screen.
On the final screen, click "Finish" to save your settings, then "Close" to exit the Wizard.
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IKE Phase 1
If you selected IKE, the following screen is displayed after the Traffic Selector screen. This
screen sets the parameters for the IKE SA.
Figure55: VPN Wizard - IKE Phase 1 Screen
IKE Phase 1 (IKE SA)
Local Identity
This setting must match the "Remote Identity" on the remote VPN.
Select the desired option, and enter the required data in the "Local
Identity Data" field.
·
·
·
WAN IP Address - This is the most common method. If se-
lected, no input is required.
Fully Qualified Domain Name - enter the Domain Name
assigned to this device.
Fully Qualified User name - This name does not have to a valid
Internet Domain Name. E-mail addresses are often used for this
entry.
·
DER ANS.1 DN - This must be a DER ANS.1 Domain Name.
Remote Identity
This setting must match the "Local Identity" on the remote VPN.
Select the desired option, and enter the required data in the "Remote
Identity Data" field.
·
·
·
IP Address - This is the most common method. If selected, no
input is required.
Fully Qualified Domain Name - enter the Domain Name
assigned to this device.
Fully Qualified User name - This name does not have to a valid
Internet Domain Name. E-mail addresses are often used for this
entry.
·
DER ANS.1 DN - This must be a DER ANS.1 Domain Name.
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·
·
RSA Signature requires that both VPN endpoints have valid
Certificates issued by a CA (Certification Authority).
Authentication
For Pre-shared key, enter the same key value in both endpoints.
The key should be at least 8 characters (maximum is 128 charac-
ters). Note that this key is used for the IKE SA only. The keys
used for the IPsec SA are automatically generated.
Authentication
Algorithm
Select the desired option, and ensure that both endpoints have the
same settings.
Encryption
Algorithm
Select the desired method, and ensure the remote VPN endpoint uses
the same method.
·
The 3DES algorithm provides greater security than DES, but is
slower.
·
If using AES, you must select the Key Size. If using DES or
3DES, this field is ignored.
IKE Exchange
Mode
Select the desired option, and ensure the remote VPN endpoint uses
the same mode.
·
Main Mode provides identity protection for the hosts initiating
the IPSec session, but takes slightly longer to complete.
·
Aggressive Mode provides no identity protection, but is quicker.
Direction
Select the desired option:
·
Initiator - Only outgoing connections will be created. Incoming
connection attempts will be rejected.
·
Responder - Only incoming connections will be accepted.
Outgoing traffic which would otherwise result in a connection
will be ignored.
·
Both Directions - Both incoming and outgoing connections are
allowed.
IKE SA Life Time This setting does not have to match the remote VPN endpoint; the
shorter time will be used. Although measured in seconds, it is com-
mon to use time periods of several hours, such 28,800 seconds.
DH Group
Select the desired method, and ensure the remote VPN endpoint uses
the same method. The smaller bit size is slightly faster.
IKE PFS
If enabled, PFS (Perfect Forward Security) enhances security by
changing the IPsec key at regular intervals, and ensuring that each key
has no relationship to the previous key. Thus, breaking 1 key will not
assist in breaking the next key.
This setting should match the remote endpoint.
IKE Keep Alive
Click Next to see the following IKE Phase 2 screen.
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IKE Phase 2 Screen
This screen sets the parameters for the IPSec SA. When using IKE, there are separate connec-
tions (SAs) for IKE and IPSec.
Figure56: VPN Wizard - IKE Phase 2 Screen
IKE Phase 2 (IPsec SA)
IPsec SA Life Time
This setting does not have to match the remote VPN endpoint; the
shorter time will be used. Although measured in seconds, it is
common to use time periods of several hours, such 28,800 seconds.
IPSec PFS
If enabled, PFS (Perfect Forward Security) enhances security by
changing the IPsec key at regular intervals, and ensuring that each
key has no relationship to the previous key. Thus, breaking 1 key
will not assist in breaking the next key.
AH Authentication
ESP Encryption
AH (Authentication Header) specifies the authentication protocol
for the VPN header, if used.
AH is often NOT used. If you do enable it, ensure the algorithm
selected matches the other VPN endpoint.
ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload) provides security for the
payload (data) sent through the VPN tunnel. Generally, you will
want to enable both ESP Encryption and ESP Authentication.
Select the desired method, and ensure the remote VPN endpoint
uses the same method.
·
The 3DES algorithm provides greater security than DES, but is
slower.
·
If using AES, you must select the Key Size. If using DES or
3DES, this field is ignored.
ESP Authentication Generally, you should enable ESP Authentication. There is little
difference between the available algorithms. Just ensure each
endpoint use the same setting.
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For IKE, configuration is now complete.
Click "Next" to view the final screen.
Figure57: VPN Wizard - Final Screen
On the final screen, click "Finish" to save your settings, then "Close" to exit the Wizard.
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VPN Examples
This section describes some examples of using VRT-311 / VRT-311S in common VPN situa-
tions.
Example 1: Connecting 2 VRT-311 / VRT-311Ss
In this example, 2 LANs are connected via VPN.
Figure58: Connecting 2 VRT-311 / VRT-311Ss
Note
·
·
The LANs MUST use different IP address ranges.
Both endpoints have fixed WAN (Internet) IP addresses.
Configuration Settings
Setting
LAN A Gateway LAN B Gateway Notes
Name
Policy 1
Policy 1
Name does not affect
operation. Select a mean-
ingful name.
Remote Endpoint
205.17.11.43
Any
202.11.13.211
Any
Other endpoint's WAN
(Internet) IP address.
Local
IP addresses
Use a more restrictive
definition if possible.
Remote
IP addresses
192.168.1.1 to
192.168.1.254
192.168.0.1 to
192.168.0.254
Address range on other
endpoint.
Use a more restrictive
definition if possible.
Key Exchange
IKE
IKE
Must match
IKE SA Parameters
IKE Direction
Both ways
Both ways
Does not have to match.
Either endpoint can block
1 direction.
Local Identity
IP address
IP address
IP address
IP address is the most
common ID method
Remote Identity
IP address
IP address is the most
common ID method
IKE Authentication Pre-shared Key
Pre-shared Key
Certificates are not widely
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method
used.
Pre-shared Key
Xxxxxxxxxx
Xxxxxxxxxx
MD5
Must match
Must match
IKE Authentication MD5
algorithm
IKE Encryption
DES
DES
Must match
Must match
IKE Exchange
mode
Main Mode
Main Mode
DH Group
Group 1 (768 bit)
28800
Group 1 (768 bit)
28800
Must match
IKE SA Life time
Does not have to match.
Shorter period will be
used.
IKE PFS
Disable
Disable
28800
Must match
IPSec SA Parameters
IPSec SA Life time 28800
Does not have to match.
Shorter period will be
used.
IPSec PFS
Disabled
Disabled
Must match
AH authentication
ESP authentication
ESP encryption
Disabled
Disabled
AH is rarely used
Must match
Enable/MD5
Enable/DES
Enable/MD5
Enable/DES
Must match
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Example 2: Windows 2000/XP Client to LAN
In this example, a Windows 2000/XP client connects to VRT-311 / VRT-311S and gains access
to the local LAN.
Figure59: Windows 2000/XP Client to VRT-311 / VRT-311S
To use 3DES encryption on Windows 2000, you
need Service Pack 3 or later installed.
VRT-311 / VRT-311S Configuration
Setting
Value
Notes
Name
Win Client
Name does not affect operation. Select a
meaningful name.
Remote Endpoint
172.16.9.10
Other endpoint's WAN (Internet) IP address.
Local
IP addresses
Subnet address:
192.168.0.0
Allows access to entire LAN. Use a more
restrictive definition if possible.
255.255.255.0
Remote
IP addresses
172.16.9.10
For a single client, this address is the same as
the endpoint address.
Key Exchange
IKE
Must match client PC
IKE SA Parameters
IKE Direction
Both ways
IP address
IP address
Using "Responder only" is not possible.
Required.
Local Identity
Remote Identity
Required
IKE Authentication Pre-shared Key
method
Certificates are not widely used.
Pre-shared Key
Xxxxxxxxxx
Must match client PC
Must match client PC
IKE Authentication SHA-1
algorithm
IKE Encryption
3DES
Must match client PC
IKE Exchange
mode
Main Mode
Windows 2000 only supports Main Mode.
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DH Group
Group 1 (768 bit)
Must match client PC
IKE SA Life time
28800
Does not have to match client PC. Shorter
period will be used.
IKE PFS
Disable
Must match client PC
IPSec SA Parameters
IPSec SA Life time 28800
Do not have to match. Shorter period will be
used.
IPSec PFS
Disable
Must match client PC
AH is rarely used
AH authentication
ESP authentication
ESP encryption
Disabled
Enable/MD5
Enable/DES
Must match client PC
Must match client PC
Windows Client Configuration
1. Select Start - Programs - Administrative Tools - Local Security Policy.
2. Right click IP Security Policy on Local Machine and select Create IP Security Policy
Figure60: Windows 2000/XP - Local Security Settings
3. Click "Next", then enter a policy name, for example "DUT To Win2K", then click "Next".
4. Step through the Wizard:
·
·
Deselect Activate the default response rule. Click "Next",
Leave Edit Properties checked. Click "Finish".
5. The following "Properties - Rules" screen will be displayed.
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Figure61: Windows 2000/XP - Policy Properties
·
·
Note that no rules are in use. Two 2 rules are required - incoming and outgoing.
The outgoing rule will be added first.
6. Deselect the "Use Add Wizard" checkbox, then click "Add" to view the screen below.
Figure62: IP Filter List
7. Type "To DUT" for the name, then click "Add" to see a screen like the following.
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Figure63: Filter Properties: Addressing
8. Enter the Source IP address and the Destination IP address.
·
Since this is the outgoing filter, the Source IP address is "My IP address" and the Des-
tination IP address is the address range used on the remote LAN.
·
Ensure the Mirrored option is checked.
9. Click "OK" to save your settings and close this dialog.
Figure64: New Rule Properties: IP Filter List
10. On the resulting screen (above), ensure the "To DUT" filter is selected, then click the
Filter Action tab to see a screen like the following
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Figure65: New Rule Properties: Filter Action
11. Select Require Security, then click the "Edit" button, to view the Require Security Proper-
ties screen.
Figure66: Require Security Properties
12. Select Negotiate security (this selects IKE), then click "Add".
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Figure67: Modify Security Method
13. On the resulting screen (above), select High [ESP] then click "OK" to save your changes
and return to the Require Security Properties screen.
Figure68: Require Security Properties
14. Ensure the following settings are correct, then click "OK" to return to the Filter Action tab
of the Edit Rule Properties screen.
VPN Setting
Windows Setting
IKE enabled
Negotiate security
AH disabled
AH Integrity: <None>
ESP Confidentially: DES
ESP Integrity: MD5
ESP encryption: Enable/DES
ESP authentication: Enable/MD5
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15. Click the Tunnel Setting tab, then select The tunnel endpoint is specified by this IP address.
Enter the WAN (Internet) IP address of VRT-311 / VRT-311S, as shown below.
Figure69: Tunnel Setting
16. Click the Authentication Methods tab, then click the "Edit" to see the screen like the
example below.
Figure70: Authentication Method
17. Select Use this string to protect the key exchange (preshared key), then enter your pre-
shared key in the field provided.
18. Click "OK" to save your changes and return to the Authentication Methods tab of the Edit
Rule Properties screen.
19. Click "Close" to return to the DUT to Win2K properties screen. The "To DUT" filter
should now be listed, as shown below.
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Figure71: Windows 2000/XP Client to VRT-311 / VRT-311S
20. To add the second (incoming) rule, click "Add". For the name, enter "To Win2K", then
click "Add".
Figure72: Windows 2000/XP Client to VRT-311 / VRT-311S
21. Enter the Source IP address and the Destination IP address as shown below.
·
Since this is the incoming filter, the Source IP address is the address range used on the
remote LAN and the Destination IP address is "My IP address".
·
Ensure the Mirrored option is checked.
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Figure73: Filter Properties: Addressing
22. Click "OK" to save your changes, then "Close".
Figure74: Filter List
23. Ensure the "To Win2K" filter is selected, then click the Filter Action tab.
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Figure75: Filter Action
24. Select Require Security, then click "Edit". On the Require Security Methods screen below,
select Negotiate security.
Figure76: Security Methods
25. Click the "Add" button. On the resulting Modify Security Method screen below, select
High [ESP].
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Figure77: Modify Security Method
26. Click "OK" to save your changes, then click "OK" again to return to the Filter Action
screen.
27. Select the Tunnel Setting tab, and enter the WAN (Internet) IP address of this PC
(172.16.9.10 in this example).
Figure78: Tunnel Setting
28. Select the Authentication Methods tab, and click the "Edit" button to see the screen below.
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Figure79: Authentication Method
29. Select Use this string to protect the key exchange (preshared key), then enter your pre-
shared key in the field provided.
30. Click "OK" to save your settings, then "Close" to return to the DUT to Win2K Properties
screen. There should now be 2 IP Filers listed, as shown below.
Figure80: DUT to Win2K Properties
31. Select the General tab.
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Figure81: Properties - General Tab
32. Click the "Advanced" button to see the screen below.
Figure82: Key Exchange Settings
33. Click the "Methods" button to see the screen below.
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Figure83: Key Exchange Security Methods
34. Select the first entry, and click the "Edit" button to see the following screen.
Figure84: IKE Security Algorithms
35. Select "SHA1" for Integrity Algorithm, "3DES" for Encryption algorithm, and "Low(1)"
for the Diffie-Hellman Group.
36. Click "OK" to save, then "OK" again, and then "Close" to return to the Local Security
Settings screen.
37. Right click the DUT to Win2K Policy and select "Assign" to make your policy active.
Figure85: Windows 2000/XP Client to VRT-311 / VRT-311S
Configuration is now complete.
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Example 3: Windows 2000 Server to VPN Gateway
In this example, a Windows 2000 Server connects to VRT-311 / VRT-311S. Users on each
LAN can then gain access to the remote LAN.
Figure86: VRT-311 / VRT-311S to Windows 2000 Server
VRT-311 / VRT-311S Configuration
This is the same as for the client setup earlier, with the exception of the IP address range for the
remote endpoint.
Setting
Single Client
Server/Gateway
Remote
IP addresses
172.16.9.10
Subnet address:
11.5.0.0
255.255.0.0
For a single client, this is the
same as the Gateway address
Address range used on the remote LAN.
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Windows 2000 Server Configuration
Configuration is the same as for Example 2: Windows 2000/XP Client to except for specifying
the Source and Destination addresses for the "Filter Properties". Instead, for both IP Filters, the
Filter Properties- Addressing should be completed as follows.
Figure87: Windows 2000 Server - Addressing
·
·
The Source Address should be set to "A specific IP Subnet", and the IP address and
Subnet mask set to the address range used on VRT-311 / VRT-311S 's LAN.
The Destination Address should be set to "A specific IP Subnet", and the IP address and
Subnet mask set to the address range used on the Windows 2000 LAN.
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Certificates
Certificates are used to authenticate users. Certificates are issued to you by various CAs (Certi-
fication Authorities). These Certificates are called "Self Certificates".
Each CA also issues a certificate to itself. This Certificate is required in order to validate
communication with the CA. These certificates are called "Trusted Certificates."
The Certificates screen lists either the Trusted Certificates - the certificates of each CA itself -
or Self Certificates - the certificates issued to you.
Use the radio button in the Type section of the screen to choose which type of Certificate you
wish to view.
Trusted Certificates
Figure88: Trusted Certificates Screen
Data – Trusted Certificates Screen
Trusted Certificates
Subject Name
(CA)
The "Subject Name" is always the company or person to whom the
Certificate is issued. For trusted certificates, this will be a CA.
Issuer Name
Expiry Time
The CA (Certification Authority) which issued the Certificate.
The date on which the Certificate expires. You should renew the
Certificate before it expires.
Delete button
Use this button to delete a Trusted Certificate. Select the checkbox in
the Delete column for any Certificates you wish to delete, then click
the "Delete" button.
Add Trusted
Certificate button
Use this to add a new Trusted Certificate to the table. See below for
details.
Requesting a Trusted Certificate
1. After obtaining a new Certificate from the CA, you need to upload it to VRT-311 / VRT-
311S.
2. On the "Certificates" screen, click the "Add Trusted Certificate" button to view the Add
Trusted Certificate screen, shown below.
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Figure89: Add Trusted Certificate
3. Click the "Browse" button, and locate the certificate file on your PC
4. Select the file. The name will appear in the "Certificate File" field.
5. Click "Upload" to upload the certificate file to VRT-311 / VRT-311S.
6. Click "Back" to return to the Trusted Certificate list. The new Certificate will appear in the
list.
Self Certificates
Figure90: Self Certificates Screen
Data – Self Certificates Screen
Active Self Certificates
Name
The name you assigned to this Certificate. You should select a name
which helps to identify this particular certificate.
Subject Name
Issuer Name
Expiry Time
The company or person to whom the Certificate is issued.
The CA (Certification Authority) which issued the Certificate.
The date on which the Certificate expires. You should renew the
Certificate before it expires.
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Delete button
Use this button to delete a Self Certificate. Select the checkbox in the
Delete column for any Certificates you wish to delete, then click the
"Delete" button.
Self Certificate Requests
Request List
Any current requests are listed. These requests are generated by using
the New Request button described below.
·
After you have received the Certificate file for a request, you
must select the request in the list, and upload the certificate file.
The request will then be deleted from this list, and the Certificate
will appear in the Active Self Certificates table.
·
If for some reason you never obtain the Certificate, you can
manually delete the request by using the Delete Request button.
Delete Request
Button
Use this to delete the selected certificate request.
Upload Certificate After you have received a Certificate, use this to upload the certificate
to the Broadband VPN Router.
You must select the correct certificate request, so the Broadband
VPN Router can correctly match the request and the certificate.
New Request
Button
Use this to generate a new request to be supplied to a CA (Certifica-
tion Authority). See the following section for details.
Requesting a Self Certificate
VRT-311 / VRT-311S must generate a request for the CA. This request must then be supplied
to the CA. The procedure is as follows:
1. On the Self Certificates screen, click the New Request button to view the first screen of the
Self Certificate Request procedure, shown below.
Figure91: Self Certificate Request (1)
2. Complete this screen.
Name
Enter a name which helps to identify this particular certifi-
cate. This name is only for your reference, it is not visible to
other people.
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Subject Name
This is the name which other organizations will see as the
Holder (owner) of this Certificate. This should be your
registered business name or official company name. Gener-
ally, all Certificates should have the same value in the
Subject field.
Hash Algorithm
Select the desired option.
Signature Algorithm
Select the desired option. RSA is recommended.
Signature Key Length Select the desired option. Normally, 1024 bits provides
adequate security.
IP address
Enter your public (Internet) IP address.
Domain Name
E-mail Address
This is optional. If you have a domain name, enter it here.
This is optional. If you have permanent E-mail address, enter
it here.
3. Click "Next" to continue to the following screen.
Figure92: Self Certificate Request (2)
4. Check that the data displayed in the Certificate Details section is correct. This data is used
to generate the Certificate request. If the data is not correct, click the "Back" button and
correct the previous screen.
5. If the data is correct, copy the text in the Data to supply to CA panel
(including "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----"
and "-----END CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----") to a new document in a text editor such as
Notepad, and save the file.
6. Click Finish to return to the Self Certificates screen.
Your request will be listed under Self Certificate Requests.
7. Apply for a Certificate:
·
·
·
Connect to the CA's web site.
Start the Self Certificate request procedure.
When prompted for the request data, supply the data you copied and saved in step 5
above.
·
·
Submit the CA's form.
If there are no problems, the Certificate will then be issued.
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8. After obtaining a new Certificate, as described above, you need to upload it VRT-311 /
VRT-311S.
·
·
·
Return to the Self Certificates screen.
In the Self Certificate Requests list, select the request matching this certificate.
Click the Upload Certificate button.
You will see a screen like the one below.
Figure93: Upload Self Certificate
9. Upload the Certificate:
·
·
·
·
Click the Browse button, and locate the certificate file on your PC
Select the file. The name will appear in the Certificate File field.
Click the Upload button to upload the certificate file to VRT-311 / VRT-311S.
Click Back to return to the Self Certificates screen.. The new Certificate will appear in
the Active Self Certificates list.
CRLs
CRLs are only necessary if using Certificates.
CRL (Certificate Revocation List) files show Certificates which have been revoked, and are no
longer valid. Each CA issues their own CRLs.
It is VERY IMPORTANT to keep your CRLs up-to-date. You need to obtain the CRL for each
CA regularly. The "Next Update" field in the CRL shows when the next update will be avail-
able.
To add a New CRL
1. Obtain the CRL file from your CA.
2. Select CRL from the VPN menu. You will see a screen like the example below.
Figure94: Certificate Revocation Lists
3. Click the "Add New CRL" button. You will see a screen like the following:
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Figure 95: Upload CRL
4. Upload the CRL file:
·
·
·
·
Click the "Browse" button, and locate the CRL file on your PC
Select the file. The name will appear in the "File to Upload" field.
Click "Upload" to upload the CRL file to VRT-311 / VRT-311S.
Click "Back" to return to the CRL list. The new CRL will appear in the list.
5. Use the "Delete" button to delete the previous (now outdated) CRL.
Status
This screen lists all VPN SAs (Security Association) which exist at the current time.
·
·
·
If no VPN tunnels exist at the current time, the table will be empty.
To update the display, click the "Refresh" button.
If using IKE, there is one SA for the IKE connection, and another SA for the IPSec con-
nection.
·
For each VPN SA the following data is displayed.
Figure96: VPN Status Screen
Data – VPN Status Screen
VPN Status
SPI
Each SA (Security Association) has a unique SPI. For manual keys,
this SPI is specified by user input. If using IKE, the SPI is generated
by the IKE negotiation process.
SA Type
Each SAs (Security Association) will be either IKE or IPSec.
The name of the VPN Policy which triggered this VPN connection.
The IP address of the remote VPN Endpoint.
Policy Name
VPN Endpoint
Data Tx
Measures the quantity of data which has been sent (Transmitted) via
this SA.
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Data Rx
Buttons
Refresh
Measures the quantity of data which has been received via this SA.
Update the data shown on screen.
View Log
Open a new window and view the contents of the VPN log.
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Chapter 9
Microsoft VPN
This Chapter explains the screens and settings available for the Microsoft
VPN function.
Overview
Microsoft VPN uses the Microsoft VPN Adapter which is provided in recent versions of Win-
dows. This feature can be used to provide remote access to your LAN by individual PCs. This
method provides an alternative to using IPSec VPN, which is described in the previous chapter.
Using Microsoft VPN provides easier setup than using IPSec VPN.
The following Microsoft VPN configuration screens are provided.
·
·
·
Server
Clients
Status
Server Setup
VRT-311 / VRT-311S incorporates a PPTP (Peer-to-Peer Tunneling Protocol) server which is
compatible with the "VPN Adapter" provided with recent versions of Microsoft Windows.
Remote Windows clients are able to connect to this Server. Once connected, they can access
the LAN as if they connected locally.
The Server setup screen is accessed by selecting the Server option on the Microsoft VPN menu.
Figure97: Microsoft VPN Screen
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Data – Microsoft VPN Screen
PPTP Server
Enable
Use this checkbox to enable or disable this feature as required.
To allow connection by remote Windows clients, you must enable this
feature, and enter the client details (on the Clients screen) to allow them
to login to this Server.
Authentication
Methods
Enable the desired authentication methods. The methods are listed with
the most secure first, least secure last. If multiple methods are checked,
the most secure will be tried first. If the remote client does not support
this, then the other checked methods are tried in order.
You must enable at least one method.
Client Database
To login to the PPTP Server (above) using the Microsoft Windows VPN Adapter, remote users
must be entered in the VPN client database.
The Client setup screen is accessed by selecting the Client option on the Microsoft VPN menu.
Figure98: Microsoft VPN Client Database Screen
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Data - Microsoft VPN Client Database Screen
Existing Users
User List
All existing users are listed. If you have not added any users, this list
will be empty.
When a user is selected, their details are displayed in the Properties
panel. You can then edit the user's information as required; click
Update Selected User to save your changes. (If you select another user
before saving your changes, your changes are lost.)
Delete Button
Use this to delete the selected user if required.
Properties
Allow connection Use this to enable or disable access by this user, as required.
Login Name
Enter the login name. The remote user must provide this name when
they connect. The name must not contain spaces, punctuation, or
special characters.
Login Password
Enter the login password. The remote user must provide this password
when they connect.
Verify Password Re-enter the password above.
Button
Clear Form
Use this to prepare the form for a new entry. Any existing data will be
cleared.
Add as New User Use this to save the data in the "Properties" area as a new entry. (If a
user is selected in the "Existing User" list, the selection is ignored.)
Update Selected
User
Use this to update the data for the user selected in the Existing User
list. To change an existing user's data, follow this procedure.
1. Select the desired user in the Existing Users list. Their information
will be displayed in the Properties panel.
2. Change the data in the Properties panel as required.
3. Click the Update Selected User button to save your changes.
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Status Screen
The Status screen is accessed by selecting the Status option on the Microsoft VPN menu.
Figure99: Microsoft VPN Status Screen
Data - Microsoft VPN Status Screen
Server Status
Status
This indicates whether or not the PPTP (VPN) Server is enabled.
Current Connec- This indicates the number of remote clients currently logged into the
tions
PPTP (VPN) Server.
Server Log
Server Log
This displays details of each connection or connection attempt.
You can use the Clear Log button to re-start the log, making new
messages easier to read.
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Windows Client Setup
To connect to the PPTP (VPN) Server in the VPN Broadband Gateway:
·
The Microsoft VPN feature in the VPN Broadband Gateway must be enabled and config-
ured, as described in the previous section.
·
Each user must have a login (username and password) on the VPN client database on the
VPN Broadband Gateway.
·
·
The remote client PC must be configured as described in the following sections.
It is assumed that remote users have a Broadband (not dial-up) connection to the Internet.
Windows 98/ME
1. Click Start - Settings - Dial-up Networking
2. Select Make New Connection
Figure100: Windows ME VPN Adapter
3. Type a name for this connection, and ensure that "Microsoft VPN Adapter" is selected.
Click "Next" to continue.
Figure101: Windows ME VPN Remote Host
4. Enter the Internet IP address or domain name of this device. (If you don't have a fixed IP
address, you can use a Dynamic DNS service to obtain a domain name.)
Click "Next" to continue.
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5. Click "Finish" to exit the Wizard.
The new entry will now be listed in "Dial-up Networking".
If necessary, you can change the settings for this connection by right-clicking on it, and select-
ing Properties.
To force all outgoing traffic to be sent via VPN, enable the setting This is the default Internet
connection on the Dialing tab. (Do NOT enable this setting if using Dial-up or PPPoE client
software.)
Figure102: Windows ME VPN Dialing Properties
To establish a connection:
1. Ensure you are connected to the Internet.
2. Select Start - Settings - Dial-up Networking
3. Double-click the new VPN entry in Dial-up Networking.
4. Enter your User name and Password, as recorded in the Client database on VRT-311 /
VRT-311S.
5. Click the "Connect" button.
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Windows 2000
Ensure you have logged on with Administrator rights before attempting this procedure.
1. Open "Network Connections", and start the "New Connection" Wizard.
Figure103: Windows 2000 Network Connection
2. Select the VPN option ("Connect to a private network through the Internet"), as shown
above, and click Next.
Figure104: Windows 2000 Public Network
3. On the screen above:
·
·
Select "Do not dial the initial connection" if Internet access is via the LAN.
If using a PPPoE software client, select "Automatically dial this initial connection"
and select the PPPoE connection.
·
Click Next to continue.
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Figure105: Windows 2000 VPN Host
4. On the screen above, enter the Domain Name or Internet IP address of VRT-311 / VRT-
311S you wish to connect to.
Click Next to continue.
Figure106: Windows 2000 Connection Availability
5. Choose whether to allow this connection for everyone, or only for yourself, as required.
Click Next to continue.
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Figure107: Windows 2000 Finish Wizard
6. Enter a suitable name, and click "Finish" to save and exit.
Setup is now complete.
To establish a connection:
1. Right-click the connection in "Network Connections", and select "Connect".
2. You will then be prompted for the username and password. Enter the username and pass-
word assigned to you, as recorded in the VPN client database on VRT-311 / VRT-311S.
3. You can choose to have Windows remember the password if desired, so you do not have to
enter it again.
Changing the connection settings
The PPTP (VPN) Server in VRT-311 / VRT-311S is designed to work with the default Win-
dows settings.
·
If necessary, you can change the Windows settings by right-clicking the VPN connection in
Network Connections, and selecting Properties.
·
The Properties dialog has a Networking tab with a "Type of VPN" setting. If you have
trouble connecting, you can change this setting from "Automatic" to "PPTP VPN".
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Windows XP
Ensure you have logged on with Administrator rights before attempting this procedure.
1. Open Network Connections (Start-Settings-Network Connections), and start the New
Connection Wizard.
Figure108: Windows XP Network Connection Type
2. Select the option "Connect to the network at my workplace", as shown above, and click
Next.
Figure109: Windows XP Network Connection
3. On the next screen, shown above, select the "Virtual Private Network connection" option.
Click Next to continue.
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Figure110: Windows XP Connection Name
4. Enter a suitable name for this connection.
Click Next to continue.
Figure111: Windows XP Public Network
5. On the screen above, select "Do not dial the initial connection".
Click Next to continue.
Figure112: Windows XP VPN Server
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Microsoft VPN
6. On the screen above, enter the Domain Name or Internet IP address of VRT-311 / VRT-
311S you wish to connect to.
Click Next to continue.
Figure113: Windows XP Connection Availability
7. Choose whether to allow this connection for everyone, or only for yourself, as required.
Click Next to continue.
8. On the final screen, click Finish to save and exit.
Setup is now complete.
To establish a connection:
1. Right-click the connection in "Network Connections", and select "Connect".
2. You will then be prompted for the username and password. Enter the username and pass-
word assigned to you, as recorded in the VPN client database on VRT-311 / VRT-311S.
3. You can choose to have Windows remember the password if desired, so you do not have to
enter it again.
Changing the connection settings
The PPTP (VPN) Server in VRT-311 / VRT-311S is designed to work with the default Win-
dows settings.
·
If necessary, you can change the Windows settings by right-clicking the VPN connection in
Network Connections, and selecting Properties.
·
The Properties dialog has a Networking tab with a "Type of VPN" setting. If you have
trouble connecting, you can change this setting from "Automatic" to "PPTP VPN".
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Chapter 10
Other Features & Settings
This Chapter explains the screens and settings available via the "Other" menu.
Overview
Normally, it is not necessary to use these screens, or change any settings. These screens and
settings are provided to deal with non-standard situations, or to provide additional options for
advanced users.
The screens available are:
Config File
Backup or restore the configuration file for VRT-311 / VRT-311S. This
file contains all the configuration data.
Network
Ping, DNS Lookup.
Diagnostics
PC Database
This is the list of PCs shown when you select the "DMZ PC", "Virtual
Server", or "Internet Application". This database is maintained automati-
cally, but you can add and delete entries for PCs which use a Fixed
(Static) IP Address.
Remote Admin This feature allows you to manage VRT-311 / VRT-311S via the Inter-
net.
Routing
Only required if your LAN has other Routers or Gateways.
Upgrade
Firmware
The firmware (software) in VRT-311 / VRT-311S can be upgraded using
your Web Browser.
UPnP
UPnP (Universal Plug and Play) allows automatic discovery and configu-
ration of VRT-311 / VRT-311S
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Other Features and Settings
Config File
This feature allows you to backup (download) the current settings from VRT-311 / VRT-311S,
and save them to a file on your PC.
You can restore a previously-downloaded configuration file to VRT-311 / VRT-311S, by
uploading it to VRT-311 / VRT-311S.
This screen also allows you to set VRT-311 / VRT-311S back to its factory default configura-
tion. Any existing settings will be deleted.
An example Config File screen is shown below.
Figure114: Config File Screen
Data - Config File Screen
Backup Config
Use this to download a copy of the current configuration, and store the
file on your PC. Click Download to start the download.
Restore Config
This allows you to restore a previously-saved configuration file back to
VRT-311 / VRT-311S.
Click Browse to select the configuration file, then click Restore to
upload the configuration file.
WARNING !
Uploading a configuration file will destroy (overwrite) ALL of the
existing settings.
Default Config
Clicking the Factory-e Defaults button will reset VRT-311 / VRT-311S
to its factory default settings.
WARNING !
This will delete ALL of the existing settings.
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Network Diagnostics
This screen allows you to perform a "Ping" or a "DNS lookup". These activities can be useful
in solving network problems.
An example Network Diagnostics screen is shown below.
Figure115: Network Diagnostics Screen
Data - Network Diagnostics Screen
Ping
IP Address
Enter the IP address you wish to ping. The IP address can be on your
LAN, or on the Internet. Note that if the address is on the Internet,
and no connection currently exists, you could get a "Timeout" error.
In that case, wait a few seconds and try again.
Ping Button
After entering the IP address, click this button to start the "Ping"
procedure. The results will be displayed in the Ping Results pane.
DNS Lookup
Internet name
Enter the Domain name or URL for which you want a DNS (Domain
Name Server) lookup. Note that if the address in on the Internet, and
no connection currently exists, you could get a "Timeout" error. In
that case, wait a few seconds and try again.
Lookup Button
After entering the Domain name/URL, click this button to start the
"DNS Lookup" procedure.
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Other Features and Settings
PC Database
The PC Database is used whenever you need to select a PC (e.g. for the "DMZ" PC). It elimi-
nates the need to enter IP addresses. Also, you do not need to use fixed IP addresses on your
LAN.
PC Database Screen
An example PC Database screen is shown below.
Figure116: PC Database
·
·
·
PCs which are "DHCP Clients" are automatically added to the database, and updated as
required.
By default, non-Server versions of Windows act as "DHCP Clients"; this setting is called
"Obtain an IP Address automatically".
VRT-311 / VRT-311S uses the "Hardware Address" to identify each PC, not the name or
IP address. The "Hardware Address" can only change if you change the PC's network card
or adapter.
·
This system means you do NOT need to use Fixed (static) IP addresses on your LAN.
However, you can add PCs using Fixed (static) IP Addresses to the PC database if required.
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Data - PC Database Screen
Known PCs
This lists all current entries. Data displayed is name (IP Address) type.
The "type" indicates whether the PC is connected to the LAN.
Name
If adding a new PC to the list, enter its name here. It is best if this
matches the PC's "hostname".
IP Address
Enter the IP Address of the PC. The PC will be sent a "ping" to deter-
mine its hardware address. If the PC is not available (not connected, or
not powered On) you will not be able to add it.
Buttons
Add
This will add the new PC to the list. The PC will be sent a "ping" to
determine its hardware address. If the PC is not available (not con-
nected, or not powered On) you will not be able to add it.
Delete
Delete the selected PC from the list. This should be done in 2 situa-
tions:
·
·
The PC has been removed from your LAN.
The entry is incorrect.
Refresh
Update the data on screen.
Generate Report Display a read-only list showing full details of all entries in the PC
database.
Advanced
View the Advanced version of the PC database screen. See below for
Administration
details.
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Other Features and Settings
PC Database (Admin)
This screen is displayed if the "Advanced Administration" button on the PC Database is
clicked. It provides more control than the standard PC Database screen.
Figure117: PC Database (Admin)
Data - PC Database ( Admin) Screen
Known PCs
This lists all current entries. Data displayed is name (IP Address) type.
The "type" indicates whether the PC is connected to the LAN.
PC Properties
Name
If adding a new PC to the list, enter its name here. It is best if this
matches the PC's "hostname".
IP Address
Select the appropriate option:
·
Automatic - The PC is set to be a DHCP client (Windows: "Ob-
tain an IP address automatically"). VRT-311 / VRT-311S will
allocate an IP address to this PC when requested to do so. The IP
address could change, but normally won't.
·
DCHP Client - Reserved IP Address - Select this if the PC is set
to be a DCHP client, and you wish to guarantee that VRT-311 /
VRT-311S will always allocate the same IP Address to this PC.
Enter the required IP address. Only the last field is required; the
other fields must match VRT-311 / VRT-311S 's IP address.
·
Fixed IP Address - Select this if the PC is using a Fixed (Static)
IP address. Enter the IP address allocated to the PC. (The PC must
be configured to use this IP address.)
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MAC Address
Select the appropriate option
·
Automatic discovery - Select this to have VRT-311 / VRT-311S
contact the PC and find its MAC address. This is only possible if
the PC is connected to the LAN and powered On.
·
MAC is - Enter the MAC address on the PC. The MAC address is
also called the "Hardware Address", "Physical Address", or "Net-
work Adapter Address". VRT-311 / VRT-311S uses this to
provide a unique identifier for each PC. Because of this, the MAC
address can NOT be left blank.
Buttons
Add as New
Entry
Add a new PC to the list, using the data in the "Properties" box.
If "Automatic discovery" (for MAC address) is selected, the PC will be
sent a "ping" to determine its hardware address. This will fail unless the
PC is connected to the LAN, and powered on.
Update Selected
PC
Update (modify) the selected PC, using the data in the "Properties"
box.
Clear Form
Refresh
Clear the "Properties" box, ready for entering data for a new PC.
Update the data on screen.
Generate Report Display a read-only list showing full details of all entries in the PC
database.
Standard Screen Click this to view the standard "PC Database" screen.
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Other Features and Settings
Remote Administration
Remote Administration allows you to connect to this interface via the Internet, using your Web
browser.
Figure118: Remote Administration Screen
Data - Remote Administration Screen
Information
Information
To establish a connection from the Internet:
1. Enable Remote Administration and configure this screen.
2. From a remote location, start your Browser.
3. In the "Address" or "Location" field, enter "HTTPS//" (NOT
"HTTP//"), the Internet IP address of this device (NOT the
LAN IP address), and the port number, as follows:
HTTPS://ip_address:port_number
Where:
ip address is the Internet IP address of this device.
port number is the port number assigned on this screen.
4. You should then be prompted for the password for this device.
(You must assign a password!)
Settings
Enable
Check this to allow administration/management via the Internet. (To
connect, see above).
If Disabled, this device will ignore management connection attempts
from the Internet.
IP Address
To manage this device via the Internet, you need to know the IP
Address of this device, as seen from the Internet. This IP Address is
allocated by your ISP, and is shown here if you are currently con-
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nected to the Internet. But if using a Dynamic IP Address, this value
can change each time you connect to your ISP. There are 2 solutions
to this problem:
·
·
Have your ISP allocate you a Fixed IP address.
Use the DDNS feature (Internet menu) so you can connect using
a Domain Name, rather than an IP address.
Port Number
Enter a port number between 1024 and 65535. The default for HTTP
connections is port 80, and for HTTPS port 443. Using either of these
is NOT recommended. The default value is 8080.
The port number must be specified in your Browser when you con-
nect, as explained above.
Allow Remote
Access
This allows you to restrict remote access by IP address. Select the
desired option.
·
·
Everyone - Remote user's IP address is not checked.
IP address range - Only IP addresses in the range specified will
be allowed. If selected, you must enter the Start and Finish IP
addressses.
·
Only this PC - Only the specified IP address is allowed. If
selected, you must enter an IP address in the field provided.
To connect from a remote PC via the Internet
1. Ensure your Internet connection is established, and start your Web Browser.
2. In the "Address" bar, enter "HTTPS://" followed by the Internet IP Address of VRT-311 /
VRT-311S. If the port number is not 80, the port number is also required. (After the IP
Address, enter ":" followed by the port number.)
e.g.
HTTPS://123.123.123.123:8080
This example assumes the WAN IP Address is 123.123.123.123, and the port number is 8080.
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Other Features and Settings
Routing
Overview
·
·
·
If you don't have other Routers or Gateways on your LAN, you can ignore the "Routing"
page completely.
If VRT-311 / VRT-311S is only acting as a Gateway for the local LAN segment, ignore the
"Routing" page even if your LAN has other Routers.
If your LAN has a standard Router (e.g. Cisco) on your LAN, and VRT-311 / VRT-311S is
to act as a Gateway for all LAN segments, enable RIP (Routing Information Protocol) and
ignore the Static Routing table.
·
·
If your LAN has other Gateways and Routers, and you wish to control which LAN seg-
ments use each Gateway, do NOT enable RIP (Routing Information Protocol). Configure
the Static Routing table instead. (You also need to configure the other Routers.)
If using Windows 2000 Data center Server as a software Router, enable RIP on VRT-311 /
VRT-311S, and ensure the following Windows 2000 settings are correct:
·
·
Open Routing and Remote Access
In the console tree, select Routing and Remote Access, [server name], IP Routing,
RIP
·
·
In the "Details" pane, right-click the interface you want to configure for RIP version 2,
and then click "Properties".
On the "General" tab, set Outgoing packet protocol to "RIP version 2 broadcast", and
Incoming packet protocol to "RIP version 1 and 2".
Routing Screen
The routing table is accessed by the Routing link on the Other screen.
Using this Screen
Generally, you will use either RIP (Routing Information Protocol) OR the Static Routing Table,
as explained above, although is it possible to use both methods simultaneously.
Static Routing Table
·
If RIP is not used, an entry in the routing table is required for each LAN segment on your
Network, other than the segment to which this device is attached.
·
The other Routers must also be configured. See Configuring Other Routers on your LAN
later in this chapter for further details and an example.
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Figure119: Routing Screen
Data - Routing Screen
RIP
Enable RIP
Check this to enable the RIP (Routing Information Protocol) feature
of VRT-311 / VRT-311S.
VRT-311 / VRT-311S supports RIP 1 only.
Static Routing
Static Routing
Table Entries
This list shows all entries in the Routing Table.
·
·
The "Properties" area shows details of the selected item in the
list.
Change any the properties as required, then click the "Update"
button to save the changes to the selected entry.
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Other Features and Settings
·
Destination Network - The network address of the remote LAN
segment. For standard class "C" LANs, the network address is
the first 3 fields of the Destination IP Address. The 4th (last)
field can be left at 0.
Properties
·
·
Network Mask - The Network Mask for the remote LAN seg-
ment. For class "C" networks, the default mask is 255.255.255.0
Gateway IP Address - The IP Address of the Gateway or Router
which VRT-311 / VRT-311S must use to communicate with the
destination above. (NOT the router attached to the remote seg-
ment.)
·
·
Interface - Normally, this will be "LAN". If NAT is disabled,
the "WAN" option can be used for Routers which are accessed
via the WAN port.
Metric - The number of "hops" (routers) to pass through to reach
the remote LAN segment. The shortest path will be used. The de-
fault value is 1.
Buttons
Save
Save the RIP setting. This has no effect on the Static Routing Table.
Add
Add a new entry to the Static Routing table, using the data shown in
the "Properties" area on screen. The entry selected in the list is
ignored, and has no effect.
Update
Update the current Static Routing Table entry, using the data shown
in the "Properties" area on screen.
Delete
Delete the current Static Routing Table entry.
Clear Form
Clear all data from the "Properties" area, ready for input of a new
entry for the Static Routing table.
Generate Report
Generate a read-only list of all entries in the Static Routing table.
Configuring Other Routers on your LAN
It is essential that all IP packets for devices not on the local LAN be passed to VRT-311 /
VRT-311S, so that they can be forwarded to the external LAN, WAN, or Internet. To achieve
this, the local LAN must be configured to use VRT-311 / VRT-311S as the Default Route or
Default Gateway.
Local Router
The local router is the Router installed on the same LAN segment as VRT-311 / VRT-311S.
This router requires that the Default Route is VRT-311 / VRT-311S itself. Typically, routers
have a special entry for the Default Route. It should be configured as follows.
Destination IP Address
Network Mask
Gateway IP Address
Interface
Normally 0.0.0.0, but check your router documentation.
Normally 0.0.0.0, but check your router documentation.
The IP Address of VRT-311 / VRT-311S.
LAN
2
Metric
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Other Routers on the Local LAN
Other routers on the local LAN must use VRT-311 / VRT-311S 's Local Router as the Default
Route. The entries will be the same as VRT-311 / VRT-311S 's local router, with the exception
of the Gateway IP Address.
·
For a router with a direct connection to VRT-311 / VRT-311S 's local Router, the Gateway
IP Address is the address of VRT-311 / VRT-311S 's local router.
·
For routers which must forward packets to another router before reaching VRT-311 / VRT-
311S 's local router, the Gateway IP Address is the address of the intermediate router.
Static Routing - Example
Figure120: Routing Example
For VRT-311 / VRT-311S's Routing Table
For the LAN shown above, with 2 routers and 3 LAN segments, VRT-311 / VRT-311S requires
2 entries as follows.
Entry 1 (Segment 1)
Destination IP Address
Network Mask
192.168.1.0
255.255.255.0 (Standard Class C)
Gateway IP Address
192.168.0.100 (VRT-311 / VRT-311S’s local
Router)
Interface
LAN
2
Metric
Entry 2 (Segment 2)
Destination IP Address
192.168.2.0
Network Mask
Gateway IP Address
Interface
255.255.255.0 (Standard Class C)
192.168.0.100
LAN
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Other Features and Settings
Metric
3
For Router A's Default Route
Destination IP Address
Network Mask
0.0.0.0
0.0.0.0
Gateway IP Address
192.168.0.1 (VRT-311 / VRT-311S’s IP
Address)
Interface
LAN
For Router B's Default Route
Destination IP Address
Network Mask
0.0.0.0
0.0.0.0
Gateway IP Address
192.168.1.80 (VRT-311 / VRT-311S’s local
router)
Interface
LAN
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Upgrade Firmware
Use this screen to upgrade your VRT-311 / VRT-311S 's firmware.
·
·
·
You must download the required firmware file, and store it on your PC.
During the upgrade process, all existing Internet connections will be terminated.
The upgrade process must NOT be interrupted!.
Figure121: Upgrade Firmware Screen
Data – Upgrade Firmware Screen
Upgrade Firmware
VRT-311 / VRT-
311S Password
Enter the current password assigned to VRT-311 / VRT-311S. If no
password has been assigned, leave this blank.
Upgrade File
Click the "Browse" button and browse to the location on your PC
where you stored the firmware upgrade file. Select this file.
Start Upgrade
Click this button to start the Firmware upgrade. Note than any users
accessing the Internet via VRT-311 / VRT-311S will lose their
connection. When the upgrade is finished, VRT-311 / VRT-311S will
restart, and this management connection will be unavailable during
the restart.
Cancel
Cancel does NOT stop the Upgrade process if it has started. It only
clears the input for the "Upgrade File" field.
To perform the Firmware Upgrade:
1. Click the "Browse" button and navigate to the location of the upgrade file.
2. Select the upgrade file. It's name will appear in the Upgrade File field.
3. Click the "Start Upgrade" button to commence the firmware upgrade.
VRT-311 / VRT-311S is unavailable during the up-
grade process, and must restart when the upgrade is
completed. Any connections to or through VRT-311 /
VRT-311S will be lost.
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Other Features and Settings
UPnP
An example UPnP screen is shown below.
Figure122: UPnP Screen
Data - UPnP Screen
UPnP
·
UPnP (Universal Plug and Play) allows automatic discovery and
configuration of equipment attached to your LAN. UPnP is by
supported by Windows ME, XP, or later.
Enable UPnP
Services
·
·
If Enabled, this device will be visible via UPnP.
If Disabled, this device will not be visible via UPnP.
If checked, then UPnP users can change the configuration.
·
Allow Configu-
ration...
·
If Disabled, UPnP users can only view the configuration. But
currently, this restriction only applies to users running Windows
XP, who access the Properties via UPnP. (e.g. Right - click VRT-
311 / VRT-311S in My Network Places, and select Properties)
·
·
If checked, then UPnP users can disable Internet access via this
device.
Allow Internet
access to be
disabled
If Disabled, UPnP users can NOT disable Internet access via this
device. But currently, this restriction only applies to users running
Windows XP, who access the Properties via UPnP. (e.g. Right -
click VRT-311 / VRT-311S in My Network Places, and select
Properties)
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Appendix A
Troubleshooting
This Appendix covers the most likely problems and their solutions.
Overview
This chapter covers some common problems that may be encountered while using VRT-311 /
VRT-311S and some possible solutions to them. If you follow the suggested steps and VRT-
311 / VRT-311S still does not function properly, contact your dealer for further advice.
General Problems
Problem 1:
Can't connect to VRT-311 / VRT-311S to configure it.
Solution 1:
Check the following:
·
·
·
·
VRT-311 / VRT-311S is properly installed, LAN connections are OK,
and it is powered ON.
Ensure that your PC and VRT-311 / VRT-311S are on the same network
segment. (If you don't have a router, this must be the case.)
If your PC is set to "Obtain an IP Address automatically" (DHCP
client), restart it.
If your PC uses a Fixed (Static) IP address, ensure that it is using an IP
Address within the range 192.168.0.2 to 192.168.0.254 and thus com-
patible with VRT-311 / VRT-311S 's default IP Address of 192.168.0.1.
Also, the Network Mask should be set to 255.255.255.0 to match VRT-
311 / VRT-311S.
In Windows, you can check these settings by using Control Panel-
Network to check the Properties for the TCP/IP protocol.
Internet Access
Problem 1:
When I enter a URL or IP address I get a time out error.
Solution 1:
A number of things could be causing this. Try the following troubleshooting
steps.
·
Check if other PCs work. If they do, ensure that your PCs IP settings are
correct. If using a Fixed (Static) IP Address, check the Network Mask,
Default gateway and DNS as well as the IP Address.
·
If the PCs are configured correctly, but still not working, check VRT-
311 / VRT-311S. Ensure that it is connected and ON. Connect to it and
check its settings. (If you can't connect to it, check the LAN and power
connections.)
·
If VRT-311 / VRT-311S is configured correctly, check your Internet
connection (DSL/Cable modem etc) to see that it is working correctly.
Problem 2:
Some applications do not run properly when using VRT-311 / VRT-
311S.
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Appendix A - Troubleshooting
Solution 2:
VRT-311 / VRT-311S processes the data passing through it, so it is not
transparent.
Use the Special Applications feature to allow the use of Internet applications
which do not function correctly.
If this does solve the problem you can use the DMZ function. This should
work with almost every application, but:
·
·
It is a security risk, since the firewall is disabled.
Only one (1) PC can use this feature.
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Appendix B
Specifications
VRT-311 / VRT-311S
Model
VRT-311 / VRT-311S
Dimensions
VRT-311 : 170mm(W) * 147mm(D) * 27mm(H)
VRT-311S : 148mm(W) * 120mm(D) * 30mm(H)
Operating Temperature
Storage Temperature
Network Protocol:
0° C to 40° C
-10° C to 70° C
TCP/IP
Network Interface:
5 Ethernet:
3 * 10/100BaseT (RJ45) LAN connection
1 * 10/100BaseT (RJ45) DMZ connection
1 * 10/100BaseT (RJ45) for WAN
LEDs
12
Power Adapter
12 V DC External
FCC Statement
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device,
pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protec-
tion against harmful interference in a residential installation.
This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and
used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communica-
tions. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation.
If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be
determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the
interference by one of the following measures:
·
·
·
Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver
is connected.
·
Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
To assure continued compliance, any changes or modifications not expressly approved by the
party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate this equipment.
(Example - use only shielded interface cables when connecting to computer or peripheral
devices).
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Appendix B - Specifications
FCC Radiation Exposure Statement
This equipment complies with FCC RF radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled
environment. This equipment should be installed and operated with a minimum distance of 20
centimeters between the radiator and your body.
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two
conditions:
(1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and
(2) This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause
undesired operation.
This transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or
transmitter.
CE Marking Warning
CE Standards
This product complies with the 99/5/EEC directives, including the following safety and EMC
standards:
·
·
EN301489-1/-17
EN60950
This is a Class B product. In a domestic environment this product may cause radio interference
in which case the user may be required to take adequate measures.
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