ProSafe 802.11g Wireless
VPN Firewall FVG318
Reference Manual
NETGEAR, Inc.
4500 Great America Parkway
Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA
202-10318-01
September 2007
Download from Www.Somanuals.com. All Manuals Search And Download.
Europe – Declaration of Conformity in Languages of the European Community
Cesky [Czech]
NETGEAR Inc. tímto prohlašuje, že tento Radiolan je ve shode se základními
požadavky a dalšími príslušnými ustanoveními smernice 1999/5/ES..
Dansk
Undertegnede NETGEAR Inc. erklærer herved, at følgende udstyr Radiolan overholder
[Danish]
de væsentlige krav og øvrige relevante krav i direktiv 1999/5/EF.
Deutsch
[German]
Hiermit erklärt NETGEAR Inc., dass sich das Gerät Radiolan in Übereinstimmung mit
den grundlegenden Anforderungen und den übrigen einschlägigen Bestimmungen der
Richtlinie 1999/5/EG befindet.
Eesti
Käesolevaga kinnitab NETGEAR Inc. seadme Radiolan vastavust direktiivi 1999/5/EÜ
[Estonian]
põhinõuetele ja nimetatud direktiivist tulenevatele teistele asjakohastele sätetele.
English
Hereby, NETGEAR Inc., declares that this Radiolan is in compliance with the essential
requirements and other relevant provisions of Directive 1999/5/EC.
Español
[Spanish]
Por medio de la presente NETGEAR Inc. declara que el Radiolan cumple con los
requisitos esenciales y cualesquiera otras disposiciones aplicables o exigibles de la
Directiva 1999/5/CE.
Ελληνική
[Greek]
ΜΕ ΤΗΝ ΠΑΡΟΥΣΑ NETGEAR Inc. ΔΗΛΩΝΕΙ ΟΤΙ Radiolan ΣΥΜΜΟΡΦΩΝΕΤΑΙ
ΠΡΟΣ ΤΙΣ ΟΥΣΙΩΔΕΙΣ ΑΠΑΙΤΗΣΕΙΣ ΚΑΙ ΤΙΣ ΛΟΙΠΕΣ ΣΧΕΤΙΚΕΣ ΔΙΑΤΑΞΕΙΣ ΤΗΣ
ΟΔΗΓΙΑΣ 1999/5/ΕΚ.
Français
[French]
Par la présente NETGEAR Inc. déclare que l'appareil Radiolan est conforme aux
exigences essentielles et aux autres dispositions pertinentes de la directive 1999/5/CE.
Italiano [Italian] Con la presente NETGEAR Inc. dichiara che questo Radiolan è conforme ai requisiti
essenziali ed alle altre disposizioni pertinenti stabilite dalla direttiva 1999/5/CE.
Latviski
Ar šo NETGEAR Inc. deklarē, ka Radiolan atbilst Direktīvas 1999/5/EK būtiskajām
[Latvian]
prasībām un citiem ar to saistītajiem noteikumiem.
Lietuvių
Šiuo NETGEAR Inc. deklaruoja, kad šis Radiolan atitinka esminius reikalavimus ir kitas
[Lithuanian]
1999/5/EB Direktyvos nuostatas.
Nederlands
[Dutch]
Hierbij verklaart NETGEAR Inc. dat het toestel Radiolan in overeenstemming is met de
essentiële eisen en de andere relevante bepalingen van richtlijn 1999/5/EG.
Malti [Maltese]
Hawnhekk, NETGEAR Inc., jiddikjara li dan Radiolan jikkonforma mal-htigijiet
essenzjali u ma provvedimenti ohrajn relevanti li hemm fid-Dirrettiva 1999/5/EC.
Magyar
Alulírott, NETGEAR Inc. nyilatkozom, hogy a Radiolan megfelel a vonatkozó alapvetõ
[Hungarian]
követelményeknek és az 1999/5/EC irányelv egyéb elõírásainak.
Polski [Polish]
Niniejszym NETGEAR Inc. oświadcza, że Radiolan jest zgodny z zasadniczymi
wymogami oraz pozostałymi stosownymi postanowieniami Dyrektywy 1999/5/EC.
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Português
NETGEAR Inc. declara que este Radiolan está conforme com os requisitos essenciais
[Portuguese]
e outras disposições da Directiva 1999/5/CE.
Slovensko
[Slovenian]
NETGEAR Inc. izjavlja, da je ta Radiolan v skladu z bistvenimi zahtevami in ostalimi
relevantnimi določili direktive 1999/5/ES.
Slovensky
[Slovak]
NETGEAR Inc. týmto vyhlasuje, _e Radiolan spĺňa základné po_iadavky a všetky
príslušné ustanovenia Smernice 1999/5/ES.
Suomi
NETGEAR Inc. vakuuttaa täten että Radiolan tyyppinen laite on direktiivin 1999/5/EY
[Finnish]
oleellisten vaatimusten ja sitä koskevien direktiivin muiden ehtojen mukainen.
Svenska
[Swedish]
Härmed intygar NETGEAR Inc. att denna Radiolan står I överensstämmelse med de
väsentliga egenskapskrav och övriga relevanta bestämmelser som framgår av direktiv
1999/5/EG.
Íslenska
Hér með lýsir NETGEAR Inc. yfir því að Radiolan er í samræmi við grunnkröfur og aðrar
[Icelandic]
kröfur, sem gerðar eru í tilskipun 1999/5/EC.
Norsk
NETGEAR Inc. erklærer herved at utstyret Radiolan er i samsvar med de
[Norwegian]
grunnleggende krav og øvrige relevante krav i direktiv 1999/5/EF.
FCC Requirements for Operation in the United States
FCC Information to User
This product does not contain any user serviceable components and is to be used with approved antennas only. Any
product changes or modifications will invalidate all applicable regulatory certifications and approvals
FCC Guidelines for Human Exposure
This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment. This equipment
should be installed and operated with minimum distance of 20 cm between the radiator and your body.
This transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter.
FCC Declaration Of Conformity
We NETGEAR, Inc., 4500 Great America Parkway, Santa Clara, CA 95054, declare under our sole responsibility that
the model FVG318 ProSafe 802.11g Wireless VPN Firewall complies with Part 15 of FCC Rules. Operation is subject to
the following two conditions:
•
•
This device may not cause harmful interference, and
This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.
FCC Radio Frequency Interference Warnings & Instructions
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of
the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential
installation. This equipment uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance
with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that
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interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or
television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to
correct the interference by one or more of the following methods:
•
•
•
•
Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna
Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver
Connect the equipment into an electrical outlet on a circuit different from that which the radio receiver is connected
Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
ProSafe 802.11g Wireless VPN Firewall
Tested to Comply
with FCC Standards
FOR HOME OR OFFICE USE
Modifications made to the product, unless expressly approved by NETGEAR, Inc., could void the user's right to operate
the equipment.
Voluntary Control Council for Interference (VCCI) Statement
This equipment is in the second category (information equipment to be used in a residential area or an adjacent area
thereto) and conforms to the standards set by the Voluntary Control Council for Interference by Data Processing
Equipment and Electronic Office Machines aimed at preventing radio interference in such residential areas.
When used near a radio or TV receiver, it may become the cause of radio interference.
Read instructions for correct handling.
Canadian Department of Communications Radio Interference Regulations
This digital apparatus (ProSafe 802.11g Wireless VPN Firewall) does not exceed the Class B limits for radio-noise
emissions from digital apparatus as set out in the Radio Interference Regulations of the Canadian Department of
Communications.
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Product and Publication Details
Model Number:
FVG318
Publication Date:
Product Family:
September 2007
Wireless Router
ProSafe 802.11g Wireless VPN Firewall
Business
Product Name:
Home or Business Product:
Language:
English
Publication Part Number:
202-10318-01
Publication Version Number: 1.0
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Contents
About This Manual
Conventions, Formats, and Scope ..................................................................................xiii
How to Use This Manual .................................................................................................xiv
A Powerful, True Firewall with Content Filtering ......................................................1-2
Autosensing Ethernet Connections with Auto Uplink ...............................................1-3
Easy Installation and Management ..........................................................................1-4
Maintenance and Support ........................................................................................1-5
Package Contents ..........................................................................................................1-5
Configuring the FVG318 for Internet Access with Auto Detect .......................................2-4
Manually Configuring your Internet Connection .............................................................2-7
Configuring Dynamic DNS (If Needed) ...........................................................................2-9
Configuring Your Time Zone .........................................................................................2-11
Troubleshooting Tips ....................................................................................................2-12
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Understanding Wireless Settings ...................................................................................3-3
Setting Up and Testing Basic Wireless Connectivity ................................................3-8
Configuring WPA2 with RADIUS ............................................................................3-14
Configuring WPA and WPA2 with RADIUS ............................................................3-15
Configuring WPA-PSK ...........................................................................................3-17
Configuring WPA2-PSK .........................................................................................3-18
Using Rules to Block or Allow Specific Kinds of Traffic ..................................................4-4
Outbound Rules (Service Blocking) .........................................................................4-8
Order of Precedence for Rules ................................................................................4-9
Default DMZ Server ...............................................................................................4-10
Attack Checks ........................................................................................................4-11
Basic Virtual Private Networking
Overview of VPN Configuration ......................................................................................5-2
Client-to-Gateway VPN Tunnels ..............................................................................5-2
Gateway-to-Gateway VPN Tunnels .........................................................................5-2
Planning a VPN ..............................................................................................................5-3
VPN Tunnel Configuration ..............................................................................................5-4
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Setting Up a Client-to-Gateway VPN Configuration .......................................................5-5
Transferring a Security Policy to Another Client ....................................................5-17
Setting Up a Gateway-to-Gateway VPN Configuration ................................................5-19
Activating a VPN Tunnel ...............................................................................................5-23
IKE Policy Automatic Key and Authentication Management ....................................6-2
VPN Policy Configuration for Auto Key and Manual Negotiation .............................6-3
Using Digital Certificates for IKE Auto-Policy Authentication .........................................6-7
Certificate Revocation List (CRL) .............................................................................6-7
VPN Configuration Scenarios on the FVG318 ...............................................................6-8
Gateway-to-Gateway with Preshared Secrets .........................................................6-9
Maintenance
Viewing VPN Firewall Router Status Information ............................................................7-1
Upgrading the Firewall Software ....................................................................................7-4
Changing the Administrator Password ...........................................................................7-6
Advanced Configuration
Configuring Dynamic DNS ..............................................................................................8-1
Using the LAN IP Setup Options ....................................................................................8-2
Configuring LAN TCP/IP Setup Parameters ............................................................8-2
Using the Firewall as a DHCP server .......................................................................8-3
Using Address Reservation ......................................................................................8-4
Contents
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Configuring RIP ........................................................................................................8-6
Static Route Example ...............................................................................................8-7
Enabling Remote Management Access .........................................................................8-8
SNMP Administration ...................................................................................................8-10
Troubleshooting
Basic Functioning ...........................................................................................................9-1
Troubleshooting the Web Configuration Interface ..........................................................9-2
Troubleshooting a TCP/IP Network Using a Ping Utility .................................................9-5
Testing the LAN Path to Your Firewall ......................................................................9-5
Testing the Path from Your PC to a Remote Device ................................................9-6
Problems with Date and Time .........................................................................................9-7
Appendix A
Default Settings and Technical Specifications
Default Settings ............................................................................................................. A-1
Appendix B
Appendix C
Case Study Overview .................................................................................................... C-1
Gathering the Network Information ......................................................................... C-1
Activating the VPN Tunnel ...................................................................................... C-3
The FVG318-to-FVG318 Case ...................................................................................... C-3
Configuring the VPN Tunnel ................................................................................... C-4
Viewing and Editing the VPN Parameters ............................................................... C-5
Initiating and Checking the VPN Connections ........................................................ C-6
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The FVG318-to-FVS318v2 Case .................................................................................. C-7
Configuring the VPN Tunnel ................................................................................... C-7
Initiating and Checking the VPN Connections ........................................................ C-9
Configuring the VPN Tunnel ................................................................................. C-10
Initiating and Checking the VPN Connections ...................................................... C-12
The FVG318-to-VPN Client Case ................................................................................ C-13
Client-to-Gateway VPN Tunnel Overview ............................................................. C-13
Configuring the VPN Tunnel ................................................................................. C-14
Initiating and Checking the VPN Connections ...................................................... C-18
Contents
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ProSafe 802.11g Wireless VPN Firewall FVG318 Reference Manual
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About This Manual
®
The NETGEAR ProSafe™ 802.11g Wireless VPN Firewall FVG318 Reference Manual describes
how to install, configure and troubleshoot the ProSafe 802.11g Wireless VPN Firewall. The
information in this manual is intended for readers with intermediate computer and Internet skills.
Conventions, Formats, and Scope
The conventions, formats, and scope of this manual are described in the following paragraphs:
•
Typographical Conventions. This manual uses the following typographical conventions:
Italic
Emphasis, books, CDs, file and server names, extensions
User input, IP addresses, GUI screen text
Command prompt, CLI text, code
URL links
Bold
Fixed
italic
•
Formats. This manual uses the following formats to highlight special messages:
Note: This format is used to highlight information of importance or special interest.
Tip: This format is used to highlight a procedure that will save time or resources.
Warning: Ignoring this type of note may result in a malfunction or damage to the
equipment.
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ProSafe 802.11g Wireless VPN Firewall FVG318 Reference Manual
Danger: This is a safety warning. Failure to take heed of this notice may result in
personal injury or death.
•
Scope. This manual is written for the VPN firewall according to these specifications:
Product Version
ProSafe 802.11g Wireless VPN Firewall
September 2007
Manual Publication Date
For more information about network, Internet, firewall, and VPN technologies, see the links to the
NETGEAR website in Appendix B, “Related Documents.
Note: Product updates are available on the NETGEAR, Inc. website at
How to Use This Manual
The HTML version of this manual includes the following:
•
Buttons,
at a time
and
, for browsing forwards or backwards through the manual one page
•
A
button that displays the table of contents and an
button. Double-click on a
link in the table of contents or index to navigate directly to where the topic is described in the
manual.
•
•
A
model.
button to access the full NETGEAR, Inc. online knowledge base for the product
Links to PDF versions of the full manual and individual chapters.
How to Print this Manual
To print this manual, you can choose one of the following options, according to your needs.
•
Printing a Page from HTML. Each page in the HTML version of the manual is dedicated to
a major topic. Select File > Print from the browser menu to print the page contents.
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ProSafe 802.11g Wireless VPN Firewall FVG318 Reference Manual
•
Printing from PDF. Your computer must have the free Adobe Acrobat reader installed in
order to view and print PDF files. The Acrobat reader is available on the Adobe Web site at
–
Printing a PDF Chapter. Use the PDF of This Chapter link at the top left of any page.
•
Click the PDF of This Chapter link at the top left of any page in the chapter you want
to print. The PDF version of the chapter you were viewing opens in a browser
window.
•
Click the print icon in the upper left of your browser window.
–
Printing a PDF version of the Complete Manual. Use the Complete PDF Manual link
at the top left of any page.
•
Click the Complete PDF Manual link at the top left of any page in the manual. The
PDF version of the complete manual opens in a browser window.
•
Click the print icon in the upper left of your browser window.
Tip: If your printer supports printing two pages on a single sheet of paper, you can
save paper and printer ink by selecting this feature.
Revision History
Version
Number
Part Number
Date
Description
202-10318-01 1.0
August 2007 Product update: New firmware and new user Interface
About This Manual
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ProSafe 802.11g Wireless VPN Firewall FVG318 Reference Manual
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Chapter 1
Introduction
This chapter describes the features of the NETGEAR® ProSafe 802.11g Wireless VPN Firewall,
Model FVG318.
Key Features of the VPN Firewall Router
The ProSafe 802.11g Wireless VPN Firewall with eight-port switch connects your local area
network (LAN) to the Internet through an external access device such as a cable modem or DSL
modem and provides 802.11b/g wireless LAN connectivity.
The FVG318 is a complete security solution that protects your network from attacks and
intrusions. Unlike simple Internet sharing firewalls that rely on Network Address Translation
(NAT) for security, the FVG318 uses stateful packet inspection for Denial of Service attack (DoS)
protection and intrusion detection. The FVG318 allows Internet access for up to 253 users. The
VPN firewall provides you with multiple Web content filtering options, plus browsing activity
reporting and instant alerts—both via e-mail. Parents and network administrators can establish
restricted access policies based on time-of-day, Web site addresses and address keywords, and
share high-speed cable/DSL Internet access for up to 253 personal computers. In addition to NAT,
the built-in firewall protects you from hackers.
With minimum setup, you can install and use the firewall within minutes.
The VPN firewall provides the following features:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
802.11g and 802.11b standards-based wireless networking.
Wireless Multimedia (WMM) support.
Easy, Web-based setup for installation and management.
Front panel LEDs for easy monitoring of status and activity.
Content filtering and site blocking security.
Built-in eight-port 10/100 Mbps switch.
Ethernet connection to a WAN device, such as a cable modem or DSL modem.
Extensive protocol support.
Flash memory for firmware upgrade.
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ProSafe 802.11g Wireless VPN Firewall FVG318 Reference Manual
802.11g and 802.11b Wireless Networking
The VPN firewall includes an 802.11g-compliant wireless access point. The access point provides:
•
•
•
802.11b standards-based wireless networking at up to 11 Mbps.
802.11g wireless networking at up to 54 Mbps, which conforms to the 802.11g standard.
WPA and WPA2 enterprise class strong security with RADIUS and certificate authentication
as well as dynamic encryption key generation.
•
WPA-PSK and WPA2-PSK pre-shared key authentication without the overhead of RADIUS
servers but with all of the strong security of WPA and WPA2.
•
•
•
•
64-bit and 128-bit WEP encryption security.
WEP keys can be generated manually or by passphrase.
Wireless access can be restricted by MAC Address.
Wireless network name broadcast can be turned off so that only devices that have the network
name (SSID) can connect.
Wireless Multimedia (WMM) Support
WMM is a subset of the 802.11e standard. WMM allows wireless traffic to have a range of
priorities, depending on the kind of data. Time-dependent information such as video or audio will
have a higher priority than normal traffic. For WMM to function correctly, wireless clients must
also support WMM.
A Powerful, True Firewall with Content Filtering
Unlike simple Internet sharing NAT firewalls, the FVG318 is a true firewall, using stateful packet
inspection to defend against hacker attacks. Its firewall features include:
•
DoS protection.
Automatically detects and thwarts DoS attacks such as Ping of Death, SYN Flood, LAND
Attack, and IP Spoofing.
•
•
•
Blocks unwanted traffic from the Internet to your LAN.
Blocks access from your LAN to Internet locations or services that you specify as off-limits.
Logs security incidents.
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ProSafe 802.11g Wireless VPN Firewall FVG318 Reference Manual
The FVG318 logs security events such as blocked incoming traffic, port scans, attacks, and
administrator logins. You can configure the firewall to email the log to you at specified
intervals. You can also configure the firewall to send immediate alert messages to your e-mail
address or email pager whenever a significant event occurs.
•
With its content filtering feature, the FVG318 prevents objectionable content from reaching
your PCs. The firewall allows you to control access to Internet content by screening for
keywords within Web addresses. You can configure the firewall to log and report attempts to
access objectionable Internet sites.
Security
The VPN firewall is equipped with several features designed to maintain security, as described in
this section.
•
PCs Hidden by NAT. NAT opens a temporary path to the Internet for requests originating
from the local network. Requests originating from outside the LAN are discarded, preventing
users outside the LAN from finding and directly accessing the PCs on the LAN.
•
Port Forwarding with NAT. Although NAT prevents Internet locations from directly
accessing the PCs on the LAN, the firewall allows you to direct incoming traffic to specific
PCs based on the service port number of the incoming request, or to one designated DNS host
computer. You can specify forwarding of single ports or ranges of ports.
Autosensing Ethernet Connections with Auto Uplink
With its internal eight-port 10/100 switch, the FVG318 can connect to either a 10 Mbps standard
Ethernet network or a 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet network. Both the LAN and WAN interfaces are
autosensing and capable of full-duplex or half-duplex operation.
The firewall incorporates Auto UplinkTM technology. Each Ethernet port automatically senses
whether the Ethernet cable plugged into the port should have a normal connection such as to a PC
or an uplink connection such as to a switch or hub. That port then configures itself to the correct
configuration. This feature also eliminates the need to worry about crossover cables, as Auto
Extensive Protocol Support
The VPN firewall supports the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and
Routing Information Protocol (RIP). For further information about TCP/IP, refer to Appendix B,
“Related Documents.”
Introduction
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ProSafe 802.11g Wireless VPN Firewall FVG318 Reference Manual
•
IP Address Sharing by NAT. The VPN firewall allows several networked PCs to share an
Internet account using only a single IP address, which may be statically or dynamically
assigned by your Internet service provider (ISP). This technique, known as NAT, allows the
use of an inexpensive single-user ISP account.
•
Automatic Configuration of Attached PCs by DHCP. The VPN firewall dynamically
assigns network configuration information, including IP, gateway, and Domain Name Server
(DNS) addresses, to attached PCs on the LAN using the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
(DHCP). This feature greatly simplifies configuration of PCs on your local network.
•
•
DNS Proxy. When DHCP is enabled and no DNS addresses are specified, the firewall
provides its own address as a DNS server to the attached PCs. The firewall obtains actual DNS
addresses from the ISP during connection setup and forwards DNS requests from the LAN.
Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE). PPPoE is a protocol for connecting remote
hosts to the Internet over a DSL connection by simulating a dial-up connection. This feature
eliminates the need to run a login program such as Entersys or WinPOET on your PC.
Easy Installation and Management
You can install, configure, and operate the ProSafe 802.11g Wireless VPN Firewall within minutes
after connecting it to the network. The following features simplify installation and management
tasks:
•
Browser-based management. Browser-based configuration allows you to easily configure
your firewall from almost any type of personal computer, such as Windows, Macintosh, or
Linux. A user-friendly Setup Wizard is provided and online help documentation is built into
the browser-based Web Management Interface.
•
•
•
Smart Wizard. The VPN firewall automatically senses the type of Internet connection, asking
you only for the information required for your type of ISP account.
Diagnostic functions. The firewall incorporates built-in diagnostic functions such as Ping,
DNS lookup, and remote reboot.
Remote management. The firewall allows you to login to the Web Management Interface
from a remote location on the Internet. For security, you can limit remote management access
to a specified remote IP address or range of addresses, and you can choose a nonstandard port
number.
•
Visual monitoring. The VPN firewall’s front panel LEDs provide an easy way to monitor its
status and activity.
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Maintenance and Support
NETGEAR offers the following features to help you maximize your use of the VPN firewall:
•
•
Flash memory for firmware upgrade.
Free technical support seven days a week, 24 hours a day.
Note: The FVS318v3 firmware is not backward compatible with earlier versions of the
FVS318 firewall.
Package Contents
The product package should contain the following items:
•
•
•
•
•
ProSafe 802.11g Wireless VPN Firewall.
AC power adapter.
Category 5 (Cat 5) Ethernet cable.
Installation Guide.
Resource CD, including:
–
–
This guide.
Application Notes and other helpful information.
•
Registration and Warranty Card.
If any of the parts are incorrect, missing, or damaged, contact your NETGEAR dealer. Keep the
carton, including the original packing materials, in case you need to return the firewall for repair.
The FVG318 Front Panel
The front panel of the VPN firewall contains the status LEDs described below.
Figure 1-1
Introduction
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ProSafe 802.11g Wireless VPN Firewall FVG318 Reference Manual
You can use some of the LEDs to verify connections. Viewed from left to right, Table 1-1
describes the LEDs on the front panel of the firewall. These LEDs are green when lit.
Table 1-1. LED Descriptions
LED Label
Activity
Description
PWR
TEST
On
Power is supplied to the firewall.
On
Off
The system is initializing.
The system is ready and running.
INTERNET
100 (100 Mbps)
On
Off
The Internet (WAN) port is operating at 100 Mbps.
The Internet (WAN) port is operating at 10 Mbps.
LINK/ACT
(Link/Activity)
On
Blinking
The Internet port has detected a link with an attached device.
Data is being transmitted or received by the Internet port.
LOCAL
100 (100 Mbps)
On
Off
The Local port is operating at 100 Mbps.
The Local port is operating at 10 Mbps.
LINK/ACT
(Link/Activity)
On
Blinking
The Local port has detected a link with an attached device.
Data is being transmitted or received by the Local port.
WLAN
On
Off
The wireless interface is on.
The wireless interface is off.
The FVG318 Rear Panel
The rear panel of the VPN firewall contains the port connections listed below.
LOCAL
Ports
INTERNET
Port
Power
Antenna
Figure 1-2
FACTORY
Reset Button
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Viewed from left to right, the rear panel contains the following features:
•
•
•
•
•
Detachable wireless antenna
Factory default reset push button
Eight Ethernet LAN ports
Internet Ethernet WAN port for connecting the firewall to a cable or DSL modem
DC power input
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Chapter 2
Connecting the Firewall to the Internet
This chapter describes how to set up the firewall on your LAN, connect to the Internet, perform
basic configuration of your ProSafe 802.11g Wireless VPN Firewall using the Setup Wizard, or
how to manually configure your Internet connection.
Follow these instructions to set up your firewall.
Installing Your FVG318
•
•
For Cable Modem Service: When you set up the VPN firewall router, be sure to use the
computer you first registered with your cable modem service provider.
For DSL Service: You may need information such as the DSL login name and password in
order to complete the VPN firewall router setup.
To connect the FVG318:
1. Connect the VPN firewall router to your computer and modem
a. Turn off and unplug your cable or DSL modem.
b. Turn off your computer
c. At the computer end only, disconnect the Ethernet cable (point A in the illustration) that
connects your computer to the cable or DSL modem.
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A
Figure 2-1
d. Securely insert the Ethernet cable from your modem into the FVG318 Internet port (point
B in the illustration).
B
Figure 2-2
e. Securely insert one end of the NETGEAR cable that came with your FVG318 into a Local
port on the router such as port 4 (point C in the illustration), and the other end into the
Ethernet port of your computer (point D in the illustration).
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D
C
Figure 2-3
2. Restart your network in the correct sequence
Warning: Failure to restart your network in the correct sequence could prevent you
from connecting to the Internet.
a. First, plug in and turn on the cable or DSL modem.Wait about 2 minutes.
b. Now, plug in the power cord to your FVG318 and wait about 30 seconds.
c. Last, turn on your computer.
Note: For DSL customers, if ISP-provided software logs you in to the Internet,
do not run that software. You may need to go to the Internet Explorer®
Tools menu, Internet Options, Connections tab page where you can select
the “Never dial a connection” radio button and click Apply.
d. Check the status lights and verify the following:
Power
Test
Wireless
Local Ports (8)
Internet Port
Figure 2-4
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•
•
•
Power: The power light should be lit. If after 2 minutes the power light turns solid amber,
see the Troubleshooting Tips in this guide.
Test: The test light blinks when the FVG318 is first turned on. If after 2 minutes it is still
on, see the Troubleshooting Tips in this guide.
Internet: The Internet light on the FVG318 should be lit. If not, make sure the Ethernet
cable is securely attached to the VPN firewall router Internet port and the powered on
modem.
•
•
Wireless: The WLAN light should be lit. If the Wireless light is not lit, see the
Troubleshooting Tips in this guide.
LOCAL: A LOCAL light should be lit.
To connect to the firewall, your computer needs to be configured to obtain an IP address
automatically via DHCP, which is usually the case for most computers. However, if you need
instructions on how to configure your TCP/IP settings to obtain an IP address automatically, see
“Internet Networking and TCP/IP Processing” at Appendix B, “Related Documents.
Before you begin, be sure you have the configuration parameters from your ISP handy.
To log in the router:
1. 0pen a browser such as Internet Explorer, Netscape Navigator or Firefox and enter the default
IP address of the router in the browser address field: http://192.168.0.1.
http://192.168.0.1
Figure 2-5
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2. When prompted, enter admin for the firewall User Name and password for the firewall
Password. Both fields are case-sensitive. (For security reasons, the firewall has its own User
Name and Password.)
Figure 2-6
3. Click Login. You will be connected to the firewall Router Status screen which will give you
status of your router configuration and current firmware version.
Figure 2-7
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4. Select Network Configuration. The WAN ISP Settings screen will display. Click Auto Detect
at the bottom of the WAN ISP Settings screen. The router will automatically attempt to detect
your connection type. A message will display indicating if the service connection was
detected.
Figure 2-8
If you know your ISP connection type or if want to bypass the auto configuration, you can
5. Click Test to verify that the Internet connection is active.
Note: You might want to enable remote management at this time so that you can log
in remotely in the future to manage the gateway. See “Enabling Remote
Management Access” on page 8-8 for more information. Remote management
enable is cleared with a factory default reset.
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Note: When you enable remote management, we strongly advise that you change
your password. See “Changing the Administrator Password” on page 7-6 for
the procedure on how to do this.
Manually Configuring your Internet Connection
Unless your ISP assigns your configuration automatically via DHCP, you will need the
configuration parameters from your ISP. For example, if your router detected a PPPoE or PPPoA
service, you must provide a Login sequence in order to obtain an Internet connection from your
ISP. If your ISP requires a Static IP address, then you must provide the fixed addresses for Static
IP. The types of data you will need are highlighted in Table 2-1 by connection method, and
explained in more detail below.
The information required by each of the connection types is described in the following table.
Table 2-1. Internet Service Connections
Connection Method
Data Required
PPPoE
Login (Username, Password).
Login (Username, Password).
No data is required.
PPPoA
DHCP (Dynamic IP)
Static (Fixed) IP
Internet IP address, Subnet Mask and Gateway IP Address supplied by
your ISP; and the Router’s DNS Address (also supplied by your ISP).
IPoA
Internet IP Address and Subnet Mask; Gateway IP Address
To configure your Internet connection:
1. Enter your ISP Login information. Select the Does Your Internet Connection require a
Login? option based on the type of account your have with your ISP. If you need to enter login
information every time you connect to the Internet, select Yes. Otherwise, select No.
If your connection is PPTP or PPPoE, then you need to login. Choose Yes and enter:
–
Login. This is often the name that you use in your e-mail address (for example, if your
main mail account is [email protected], enter jdoe).
Note: Some ISPs (for example, Earthlink) require that you use your full e-mail
address when you log in.
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Password. Enter the password you use to log in to your ISP.
•
Enter your ISP Type information:
–
Austria (PPTP): If your ISP is Austria Telecom or any other ISP that uses PPTP to log in,
fill in the following fields:
•
Account Name (also known as Host Name or System Name): Valid account name for
the PPTP connection. This is usually your email “ID” assigned by your ISP, the name
before the “@” symbol in your email address. Some ISPs require that you enter your
full email address here.
•
•
Domain Name: Domain name or workgroup name assigned by your ISP, or your ISPs
domain name (optional).
Idle Timeout: Select Keep Connected, to Keep the Connection Always On. To logout
after the connection is idle for a period of time, select Idle Time and enter the number
of minutes to wait before disconnecting in the Timeout field. This is useful if your ISP
charges you based on the amount of time you have logged in.
•
•
My IP Address: IP address assigned by the ISP to make a connection with the ISP
server.
Server IP Address: IP address of the PPTP server.
–
Other (PPPoE): If you have installed log in software such as WinPoET or Enternet, then
your connection type is PPPoE. Select this option and configure the following fields:
•
•
Account Name: Valid account name for the PPPoE connection
Domain Name: Name of your ISPs domain or your domain name if your ISP has
assigned one (optional).
•
Idle Timeout: Select Keep Connected, to keep the connection always on. To logout
after the connection is idle for a period of time, select Idle Time and enter the number
of minutes to wait before disconnecting, in the Timeout field.
2. Enter your Internet (IP) Address.
–
Select the Get dynamically from ISP radio box if you have not been assigned any static
IP address. The ISP will automatically assign an IP address to the router using DHCP
network protocol.
–
If your ISP has assigned a fixed (static) IP address, select Use Static IP Address and fill
in the following fields:
•
IP Address: Static IP address assigned to you. This will identify the router to your
ISP.
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•
•
IP Subnet Mask: This is usually provided by the ISP or your network administrator.
Gateway IP Address: IP address of your ISP’s gateway. This is usually provided by
the ISP or your network administrator.
3. Select your Domain Name Servers (DNS). Domain name servers (DNS) convert Internet
names such as www.google.com, www.netgear.com, etc. to Internet addresses called IP
addresses.
–
Select the Get Automatically from ISP radio box if you have not been assigned a static
DNS IP address.
–
If the Use these DNS Servers radio box is selected, enter valid DNS server IP addresses
in the Primary DNS Server and Secondary DNS Server fields.
4. Click Apply to save your settings. Click Test to verify that the connection is active.
Note: At this point in the configuration process, you should now be connected to the
Internet.
Configuring Dynamic DNS (If Needed)
Note: If your ISP assigns a private WAN IP address such as 192.168.x.x or 10.x.x.x, the
dynamic DNS service will not work because private addresses will not be routed
on the Internet.
If your network has a permanently assigned (static or fixed) IP address, you can register a domain
name and have that name linked with your IP address by public Domain Name Servers (DNS).
However, if your Internet account uses a dynamically assigned IP address, you will not know in
advance what your IP address will be, and the address can change frequently. In this case, you can
use a commercial dynamic DNS service, which allows you to register an extension to its domain,
and resolves DNS requests for the resulting FQDN to your frequently-changing IP address.
For rollover mode, you will need a fully qualified domain name (FQDN) to implement features
such as exposed hosts and virtual private networks regardless of whether you have a fixed or
dynamic IP address.
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The gateway contains a client that can connect to a dynamic DNS service provider. To use this
feature, you must select a service provider and obtain an account with them. After you have
configured your account information in the gateway, whenever your ISP-assigned IP address
changes, your gateway will automatically contact your dynamic DNS service provider, log in to
your account, and register your new IP address.
To configure Dynamic DNS:
1. Select Network Configuration > Dynamic DNS. The Dynamic DNS screen will display
with the default Dynamic DNS selected as None.
Figure 2-9
2. Each DNS service provider—Dynamic DNS, DNS TZO or DNS Oray—requires its own
parameters (Figure 2-9). Select the tab for the DNS service provider you want to use and then
select the Yes radio box. Click Apply.
3. Access the Web site of the Dynamic DNS service provider you have chosen and register for an
account (for example, for dyndns.org, go to http://www.dyndns.org).
4. Complete entering the Dynamic DNS screen for the service you have chosen:
a. Select the Use a dynamic DNS service check box of the name of your dynamic DNS
Service Provider.
b. Enter the entire FQDN that your dynamic DNS service provider gave you,
(for example, myName.dyndns.org).
c. Enter the User Name and Password (or key) for logging into your dynamic DNS account.
d. If your dynamic DNS provider allows the use of wild cards in resolving your URL, you
may select the Use wild cards check box to activate this feature.
For example, the wildcard feature will cause *.yourhost.dyndns.org to be aliased to
the same IP address as yourhost.dyndns.org
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5. Click Apply to save your configuration.
Configuring Your Time Zone
The VPN firewall uses the Network Time Protocol (NTP) to obtain the current time and date from
one of several Network Time Servers on the Internet. In order to localize the time for your log
entries, you must specify your Time Zone.
Figure 2-10
To specify your time zone:
1. Select Administration > Time Zone from the menu. The Time Zone screen will display.
2. From the Date/Time pull-down menu, select your local time zone. This setting will be used
for the blocking schedule and for time-stamping log entries.
3. Automatically Adjust for Daylight Savings Time. Check this box for enable daylight
savings time.
Note: If your region uses Daylight Savings Time, you must manually select Adjust
for Daylight Savings Time on the first day of Daylight Savings Time, and
deselect it at the end. Enabling Daylight Savings Time will add one hour to the
standard time.
4. Select an NTP Server.
•
The Use Default NTP Servers is selected by default. If this is enabled, then the RTC
(Real-Time Clock) is updated regularly by contacting a NETGEAR NTP Server on the
Internet.
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•
Select the Use Custom NTP Servers if you prefer to use a particular NTP server.
–
Enter the name or IP address of an NTP Server in the Server 1 Name/IP Address
field.
–
If required, you can also enter the address of another NTP server in the Server 2
Name/IP Address field.
If you select this option and leave either the Server 1 or Server 2 fields empty, then they
will be set to the default NETGEAR NTP servers (time-a.netgear.com, time-
b.netgear.com, etc.).
5. Click Apply to save your settings.
Troubleshooting Tips
Here are some tips for correcting simple problems you may have.
Be sure to restart your network in the correct sequence.
Always follow this sequence: 1) Unplug and turn off the modem, FVG318, and computer; 2) plug
in and turn on the modem, wait two minutes; 3) plug in the FVG318 and wait 30 seconds; 4) turn
on the computer.
Make sure the Ethernet cables are securely plugged in.
•
For each powered on computer connected to the VPN firewall router with a securely plugged
in Ethernet cable, the corresponding VPN firewall router LAN port status light will be lit. The
label on the bottom of the VPN firewall router identifies the number of each LAN port.
•
The Internet port status light on the VPN firewall router will be lit if the Ethernet cable from
the FVG318 to the modem is plugged in securely and the modem and VPN firewall router are
turned on.
Make sure the computer & router wireless settings match exactly.
The Wireless Network Name (SSID) and security settings (WEP/WPA, MAC access control list)
of the FVG318 and wireless computer must match exactly.
Make sure the network settings of the computer are correct.
•
LAN and wirelessly connected computers must be configured to obtain an IP address
automatically via DHCP.
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•
Some cable modem ISPs require you to use the MAC address of the computer registered on
the account. If so, in the Router MAC Address section of the Basic Settings menu, select, “Use
this Computer’s MAC Address.” The router will then capture and use the MAC address of the
computer that you are now using. You must be using the computer that is registered with the
ISP. Click Apply to save your settings. Restart the network in the correct sequence.
Check the router status lights to verify correct router operation.
•
If the Power light does not turn solid green within 2 minutes after turning the router on, reset
the router according to the instructions in the Reference Manual on the CD.
•
If the Wireless light does not come on, verify that the wireless feature is turned on according to
the instructions in the Reference Manual on the CD.
Tips for Accessing the VPN firewall
The table below describes how you access the VPN firewall router, depending on the state of the
VPN firewall router.
Table 2-2. Accessing the firewall router
Firewall State
Access Options
Description
Factory Default
Automatic Access via Any time a browser is opened on any computer connected to
the Smart Wizard
Configuration
Assistant
the VPN firewall router, the VPN firewall router will
automatically connect to that browser and display the
Configuration Assistant welcome page.
Note: The VPN
firewall router is
supplied in the
factory default state.
default state is
restored when you
use the factory reset
button. See “To
backup and restore
your configuration:”
on page 7-5 for
more information on
this feature.
There is no need to enter the VPN firewall router URL in the
browser, or provide the login user name and password.
Manually enter a URL You can bypass the Smart Wizard Configuration Assistant
to bypass the Smart
Wizard Configuration http://192.168.0.1/basicsetting.htm
Assistant in the browser address bar and pressing Enter. You will not
feature by typing
be prompted for a user name or password.
This will enable you to manually configure the VPN firewall
router even when it is in the factory default state. When
manually configuring the firewall, you must complete the
configuration by clicking Apply when you finish entering your
settings. If you do not do so, a browser on any PC connected
to the firewall will automatically display the firewall
Configuration Assistant welcome page rather than the
browser’s home page.
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Table 2-2. Accessing the firewall router (continued)
Firewall State
Access Options
Description
Configuration
Settings Have Been URL to access the
Applied VPN firewall router
Enter the standard
Connect to the VPN firewall router by typing the default router
IP address in the address field of your browser, then press
Enter:
http://192.168.0.1
The VPN firewall router will prompt you to enter the user
name of admin and the password. The default password is
password.
Enter the IP address Connect to the VPN firewall router by typing the IP address of
of the VPN firewall
router
the VPN firewall router in the address field of your browser,
then press Enter. 192.168.0.1 is the default IP address of the
VPN firewall router. The VPN firewall router will prompt you
to enter the user name of admin and the password. The
default password is password.
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Chapter 3
Configuring Wireless Connectivity
This chapter describes how to configure the wireless features of your FVG318 VPN firewall.
In planning your wireless network, you should consider the level of security required. You should
also select the physical placement of your FVG318 in order to maximize the network speed. For
B.
Note: Failure to follow these guidelines can result in significant performance degradation
or inability to wirelessly connect to the VPN firewall router. For complete range
and performance specifications, please see “Default Settings and Technical
Specifications” in Appendix A.”
The operating distance or range of your wireless connection can vary significantly based on the
physical placement of the VPN firewall. The latency, data throughput performance, and notebook
power consumption also vary depending on your configuration choices. For best results, place
your VPN firewall router:
•
•
Near the center of the area in which your PCs will operate.
In an elevated location, such as a high shelf where the wirelessly connected PCs have line-of-
sight access (even if through walls). The best location is elevated, such as wall mounted or on
the top of a cubicle, and at the center of your wireless coverage area for all the mobile devices.
•
•
Away from sources of interference, such as PCs, microwaves, and 2.4 GHz cordless phones.
Away from large metal surfaces.
Be aware that the time it takes to establish a wireless connection can vary depending on both your
security settings and placement. WEP connections can take slightly longer to establish. Also, WEP
encryption can consume more battery power on a notebook computer.
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Implementing Appropriate Wireless Security
Unlike wired network data, your wireless data transmissions can extend beyond your walls and
can be received by anyone with a compatible adapter. For this reason, use the security features of
your wireless equipment. The VPN firewall provides highly effective security features which are
covered in detail in this chapter.
FVG318
Figure 3-1
Note: Indoors, computers can connect to wireless networks at ranges of 300 feet or more.
Such distances allow others outside of your area to access your network.
There are several ways you can enhance the security of your wireless network:
•
Restrict Access Based on MAC Address. You can allow only trusted PCs to connect so that
unknown PCs cannot wirelessly connect to the FVG318. Restricting access by MAC address
adds an obstacle against unwanted access to your network, but the data broadcast over the
wireless link is fully exposed.
•
•
Turn Off the Broadcast of the Wireless Network Name SSID. If you disable broadcast of
the SSID, only devices that have the correct SSID can connect. This nullifies wireless network
“discovery” feature of some products, such as Windows XP, but the data is still exposed.
WEP. Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) data encryption provides data security. WEP Shared
Key authentication and WEP data encryption will block all but the most determined
eavesdropper.
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•
Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA and WPA2). The very strong authentication along with
dynamic per frame rekeying of WPA and WPA2 make it virtually impossible to compromise.
Because this is a new standard, wireless device driver and software availability may be
limited.
–
WPA with PSK (Wi-Fi Protected Access Pre-Shared Key). WPA-PSK uses TKIP
standard encryption.
–
WPA2 with PSK. WPA2 is a later version of WPA. Only select this if all clients support
WPA2. If selected, you must use AES encryption, and enter the WPA passphrase
(Network key).
–
–
WPA-PSK and WPA2-PSK. This selection allows clients to use either WPA (with TKIP
encryption) or WPA2 (with AES encryption). If selected, encryption must be TKIP +
AES.
WPA with Radius. This version of WPA requires the use of a Radius server for
authentication. Each user (Wireless Client) must have a “user” login on the Radius
Server—normally done via a digital certificate. Also, this device must have a “client”
login on the Radius server. Data transmissions are encrypted using a key which is
automatically generated.
–
–
WPA2 with RADIUS. WPA2 is a later version of WPA. Only select this if all clients
support WPA2. If selected, you must use AES encryption, and configure the RADIUS
Server Settings. Each user (Wireless Client) must have a “user” login on the Radius
Server—normally done via a digital certificate. Also, this device must have a “client”
login on the RADIUS server. Data transmissions are encrypted using a key which is
automatically generated.
WPA and WPA2 with RADIUS. This selection allows clients to use either WPA (with
AES encryption) or WPA2 (with TKIP encryption). If selected, encryption must be
TKIP+AES. You must also configure the RADIUS Server Settings
Understanding Wireless Settings
To configure the wireless settings of your FVG318:
1. Select Network Configuration > Wireless Settings from the main menu. The Wireless Settings
screen will display.
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Figure 3-2
Note: The 802.11b and 802.11g wireless networking protocols are configured in
exactly the same fashion. The FVG318 will automatically adjust to the 802.11g
or 802.11b protocol as the device requires without compromising the speed of
the other devices.
•
Wireless Network. The station name of the FVG318.
–
Wireless Network Name (SSID). The SSID is also known as the wireless network name.
Enter a value of up to 32 alphanumeric characters. In a setting where there is more than
one wireless network, different wireless network names provide a means for separating the
traffic. Any device you want to participate in the 802.11b/g wireless network will need to
use this SSID for that network. The FVG318 default SSID is: NETGEAR.
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–
–
–
Region. This field identifies the region where the FVG318 can be used. It may not be legal
to operate the wireless features of the VPN firewall router in a region other than one of
Channel 11.
Channel. This field determines which operating frequency will be used. It should not be
necessary to change the wireless channel unless you notice interference problems with
another nearby access point. For more information on the wireless channel frequencies,
please refer to “Wireless Communications” in Appendix B.
Mode. Select the desired wireless mode. The options are:
•
•
•
g & b - Both 802.11g and 802.11b wireless stations can be used.
g only - Only 802.11g wireless stations can be used.
b only - All 802.11b wireless stations can be used. 802.11g wireless stations can still
be used if they can operate in 802.11b mode.
The default is “g & b” which allows both 802.11g and 802.11b wireless stations to access
this device.
•
Wireless Access Point
–
Enable Wireless Access Point. Enables the wireless radio. When disabled, there are no
wireless communications through the FVG318.
–
Allow Broadcast of Name (SSID). The default setting is to enable SSID broadcast. If you
disable broadcast of the SSID, only devices that have the correct SSID can connect.
Disabling SSID broadcast somewhat hampers the wireless network “discovery” feature of
some products.
•
•
Wireless Card Access List
Lets you restrict wireless connections according to a list of Trusted PCs MAC addresses.
When the Trusted PCs Only radio button is selected, the FVG318 checks the MAC address of
the wireless station and only allows connections to PCs identified on the trusted PCs list.
To restrict access based on MAC addresses, click the Set up Access List button and update the
MAC access control list.
Security Options
–
–
–
Disable: No data encryption is used.
WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy): Use WEP 64 or 128 bit data encryption.
WPA-PSK (Wi-Fi Protected Access Pre-Shared Key): Use TKIP standard encryption
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–
–
WPA2-PSK: WPA2 is a later version of WPA. Only select this if all clients support
WPA2. If selected, you must use AES encryption
WPA-PSK and WPA2-PSK: This selection allows clients to use either WPA (with TKIP
encryption) or WPA2 (with AES encryption). If selected, encryption must be TKIP +
AES.
–
WPA with Radius: This version of WPA requires the use of a Radius server for
authentication. Each user (Wireless Client) must have a “user” login on the Radius
Server—normally done via a digital certificate. Also, this device must have a “client”
login on the Radius server. Data transmissions are encrypted using a key which is
automatically generated.
–
–
WPA2 with Radius: WPA2 is a later version of WPA. Only select this if all clients
support WPA2. If selected, you must use AES encryption, and configure the Radius Server
Settings.
WPA and WPA2 with Radius: This selection allows clients to use either WPA (with AES
encryption) or WPA2 (with TKIP encryption). If selected, encryption must be TKIP +
AES. If selected, you must configure the Radius Server Settings.
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Security Check List for SSID and WEP Settings
For a new wireless network, print or copy this form and fill in the configuration parameters. For an
existing wireless network, the person who set up or is responsible for the network will be able to
provide this information. Be sure to set the Regulatory Domain correctly as the first step.
•
SSID: The Service Set Identification (SSID) identifies the wireless local area network.
Wireless is the default FVG318 SSID. However, you may customize it by using up to 32
alphanumeric characters. Write your customized SSID on the line below.
Note: The SSID in the VPN firewall router is the SSID you configure in the wireless adapter
card. All wireless nodes in the same network must be configured with the same SSID:
•
Authentication
Circle one: Open System or Shared Key. Choose “Shared Key” for more security.
Note: If you select shared key, the other devices in the network will not connect unless they
are set to Shared Key as well and have the same keys in the same positions as those in the
FVG318.
•
WEP Encryption Keys
For all four 802.11b keys, choose the Key Size. Circle one: 64 or 128 bits
Key 1: ___________________________________
Key 2: ___________________________________
Key 3: ___________________________________
Key 4: ___________________________________
WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK (Pre-Shared Key)
•
•
Record the WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK key:
Key: ___________________________________
WPA or WPA2 RADIUS Settings
For WPA or WPA2, record the following RADIUS settings:
Server Name/IP Address: Primary _________________ Secondary __________________
Port: ___________________________________
Shared Key: ___________________________________
Use the procedures described in the following sections to configure the FVG318. Store this
information in a safe place.
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Setting Up and Testing Basic Wireless Connectivity
Follow the instructions below to set up and test basic wireless connectivity. Once you have
established basic wireless connectivity, you can enable security settings appropriate to your needs.
1. Log in using the default LAN address of http://192.168.0.1 with the default user name of
admin and default password of password, or using whatever LAN address and password you
have set up.
2. Select Network Configuration > Wireless Settings to display the Wireless Settings screen.
Figure 3-3
3. Set the Regulatory Domain correctly.
4. Choose a suitable descriptive name for the wireless network name (SSID). In the SSID box,
enter a value of up to 32 alphanumeric characters. The default SSID is NETGEAR.
Note: The characters are case sensitive. An access point always functions in
infrastructure mode. The SSID for any wireless device communicating with
the access point must match the SSID configured in the ProSafe 802.11g
Wireless VPN Firewall. If they do not match, you will not get a wireless
connection to the FVG318.
It should not be necessary to change the wireless channel unless you notice interference
problems with another nearby wireless router or access point. Select a channel that is not being
used by any other wireless networks within several hundred feet of your VPN firewall router.
For more information on the wireless channel frequencies please refer to “Wireless Channels”
in “Wireless Communications” in Appendix B.
6. Depending on the types of wireless adapters you have in your computers, choose from the
Mode drop-down list.
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7. For initial configuration and test, leave the Wireless Card Access List set to “All Wireless
Stations” and the Encryption Strength set to “Disable.”
8. Click Apply to save your changes.
Note: If you are configuring the FVG318 from a wireless computer and you change
the VPN firewall router’s SSID, channel, or security settings, you will lose
your wireless connection when you click on Apply. You must then change the
wireless settings of your computer to match the FVG318’s new settings.
9. Configure and test your PCs for wireless connectivity.
Program the wireless adapter of your PCs to have the same SSID that you configured in the
FVG318. Check that they have a wireless link and are able to obtain an IP address by DHCP
from the VPN firewall router.
Once your PCs have basic wireless connectivity to the VPN firewall router, then you can configure
the advanced options and wireless security functions.
Restricting Wireless Access by MAC Address
To restrict access based on MAC addresses, follow these steps:
1. Log in at the default LAN address of http://192.168.0.1 with the default user name of admin
and default password of password.
2. Select Network Configuration > Wireless Settings and click the Setup Access List link. The
Access Control List screen will display.
Figure 3-4
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3. Check the Yes radio box to enable MAC filtering and turn on the Access Control List. Then
click Apply. An “Operation Succeed” message will display. Only Trusted Wireless Stations
will be able to connect to the VPN firewall router.
4. You can add trusted devices by selecting a device from the list of available wireless cards the
FVG318 has discovered in your area, or you can manually enter the MAC address.
•
Add a wireless station manually be entering the device MAC Address in the Add New
Trusted Station Manually field and clicking Add. The station will be added to the
Trusted Wireless Stations list (if ACL Enable has been enabled).
•
Click the Available Wireless Stations tab to view the list of available wireless stations
within range of this VPN firewall router. To add a wireless station to the ACL, highlight
its MAC address and click Add to Trusted List.
Note: When configuring the FVG318 from a wireless computer whose MAC
address is not in the access control list, if you select Turn Access Control
On, you will lose your wireless connection when you click Apply. You
must then access the VPN firewall router from a wired computer or from a
wireless computer which is on the access control list to make any further
changes.
Now, only devices on this list will be allowed to wirelessly connect to the FVG318.
To remove a MAC address from the table, click to select it, then click Delete.
Configuring WEP Security Settings
Note: When changing the wireless settings from a wireless computer, you will lose your
wireless connection when you click Apply. You must then either configure your
wireless adapter to match the new wireless settings or access the VPN firewall
router from a wired computer to make any further changes.
To configure WEP data encryption, follow these steps:
1. Log in at the default LAN address of http://192.168.0.1 with the default user name of admin
and default password of password, or using whatever LAN address and password you set up.
2. Select Network Configuration > Wireless Settings. The Wireless Settings screen will display.
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Figure 3-5
3. In the Wireless Security Type section, select the WEP radio box. The WEP fields section will
be highlighted.
4. Choose the Authentication Type (Automatic, Open System or Shared Key) and Encryption
Strength options. You can manually or automatically program the four data encryption keys.
These values must be identical on all PCs and Access Points in your network.
–
Authentication Type: Normally this can be left at the default value of “Automatic.” If set
to “Open System” or “Shared Key”, wireless stations must use the same method.
–
Encryption: Select the desired WEP Encryption:
•
•
64-bit (sometimes called 40-bit) encryption
128-bit encryption
–
WEP Keys: If using WEP, you can manually or automatically program the four data
encryption keys. These values must be identical on all PCs and Access Points in your
network.
•
Automatic Key Generation (Passphrase): Enter a word or group of printable
characters (this phrase is case sensitive) in the Passphrase box and click the “Generate
Keys” button to automatically configure the WEP Key(s).
–
–
If encryption is set to 64 bit, then each of the four key boxes will automatically be
populated with key values.
If encryption is set to 128 bit, then only the selected WEP key box will automatically
be populated with a key value.
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•
Manual Entry Mode: Enter ten hexadecimal digits (any combination of 0-9, a-f, or
A-F). These hex values are not case sensitive. Select which of the four keys will be
used and enter the matching WEP key information for your network in the selected
key box.
–
–
For 64 bit WEP: Enter ten hexadecimal digits (any combination of 0-9, A-F).
For 128 bit WEP: Enter twenty-six hexadecimal digits (any combination of 0-9, A-
F).
Please refer to “Wireless Communications” in Appendix B, “Related Documents” for a full
explanation of each of these options, as defined by the IEEE 802.11b wireless communication
standard.
5. Click Apply to save your settings.
Configuring WPA with RADIUS
Note: Not all wireless adapters support WPA. Furthermore, client software is required on
the client. Windows XP and Windows 2000 with Service Pack 3 do include the
client software that supports WPA. Nevertheless, the wireless adapter hardware
and driver must also support WPA. Consult the product document for your wireless
adapter and WPA client software for instructions on configuring WPA settings.
To configure WPA with RADIUS:
1. Log in at the default LAN address of http://192.168.0.1 with the default user name of admin
and default password of password, or using whatever LAN address and password you have
set up.
2. Select Network Administration > Wireless Settings. The Wireless Settings Screen will display.
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Figure 3-6
3. Select the WPA radio box and then select RADIUS from the WPA with: pull-down menu in
the Wireless Security Type section. The RADIUS settings fields in the Radius Server Settings
section will be highlighted.
Note: The Encryption choice will be TKIP by default. For WPA with RADIUS,
TKIP is used.
4. Enter the Radius Server Settings.
•
Primary Server Name/IP Address: This field is required. Enter the name or IP address
of the primary Radius Server on your LAN.
•
•
Radius Port: Enter the port number used for connecting to the Radius Server.
Shared Key: Enter the desired value for the Shared Key. This must match the value used
on the Radius server.
5. Click Apply to save your settings.
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Configuring WPA2 with RADIUS
Note: Not all wireless adapters support WPA2. Furthermore, client software is required
on the client. Windows XP and Windows 2000 with Service Pack 3 do include the
client software that supports WPA2. Nevertheless, the wireless adapter hardware
and driver must also support WPA2. Consult the product document for your
wireless adapter and WPA2 client software for instructions on configuring WPA2
settings.
To configure WPA2 with RADIUS:
1. Log in at the default LAN address of http://192.168.0.1 with the default user name of admin
and default password of password, or using whatever LAN address and password you have
set up.
2. Select Network Adminisration > Wireless Settings. The Wireless Settings Screen will display.
Figure 3-7
3. Select the WPA2 radio box and then select RADIUS from the WPA with: pull-down menu in
the Wireless Security Type section. The RADIUS settings fields in the Radius Server Settings
section will be highlighted.
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Note: The Encryption choice will be AES by default. For WPA2 with RADIUS,
AES is used.
4. Enter the Radius Server Settings.
•
Primary Server Name/IP Address: This field is required. Enter the name or IP address
of the primary Radius Server on your LAN.
•
•
Radius Port: Enter the port number used for connecting to the Radius Server.
Shared Key: Enter the desired value for the Shared Key. This must match the value used
on the Radius server.
5. Click Apply to save your settings.
Configuring WPA and WPA2 with RADIUS
Note: Not all wireless adapters support WPA and WPA2. Furthermore, client software is
required on the client. Windows XP and Windows 2000 with Service Pack 3 do
include the client software that supports WPA and WPA2. Nevertheless, the
wireless adapter hardware and driver must also support WPA and WPA2. Consult
the product document for your wireless adapter and WPA and WPA2 client
software for instructions on configuring WPA and WPA2 settings.
To configure WPA and WPA2 with RADIUS:
1. Log in at the default LAN address of http://192.168.0.1 with the default user name of admin
and default password of password, or using whatever LAN address and password you have
set up.
2. Select Network Adminisration > Wireless Settings. The Wireless Settings Screen will display.
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Figure 3-8
3. Select the WPA and WPA2 radio box and then select RADIUS from the WPA with: pull-
down menu in the Wireless Security Type section. The RADIUS settings fields in the Radius
Server Settings section will be highlighted.
Note: The Encryption choice will be TKIP+AES by default. For WPA/WPA2 with
RADIUS, TKIP+AES is used.
4. Enter the Radius Server Settings.
•
Primary Server Name/IP Address: This field is required. Enter the name or IP address
of the primary Radius Server on your LAN.
•
•
Radius Port: Enter the port number used for connecting to the Radius Server.
Shared Key: Enter the desired value for the Shared Key. This must match the value used
on the Radius server.
5. Click Apply to save your settings.
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Configuring WPA-PSK
Note: Not all wireless adapters support WPA. Furthermore, client software is required on
the client. Windows XP and Windows 2000 with Service Pack 3 do include the
client software that supports WPA. Nevertheless, the wireless adapter hardware
and driver must also support WPA. Consult the product document for your wireless
adapter and WPA client software for instructions on configuring WPA settings.
To configure WPA-PSK:
1. Log in at the default LAN address of http://192.168.0.1, with the default user name of admin
and default password of password, or using whatever LAN address and password you have
set up.
2. Select Network Adminisration > Wireless Settings. The Wireless Settings Screen will display.
Figure 3-9
3. Select the WPA radio box and then select PSK from the WPA with: pull-down menu in the
Wireless Security Type section. The PSK settings fields in the PSK Settings section will be
highlighted.
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Note: The Encryption choice will be TKIP by default. For WPA+PSK, TKIP is
used.
4. In the PSK Settings section:
•
Enter the pre-shared key in the Passphrase field. Enter a word or group of printable
characters in the Passphrase box. The Passphrase must be 8 to 63 characters in length. The
256 Bit key used for encryption is generated from this passphrase.
•
Enter a value in the Key Lifetime field. This setting determines how often the encryption
key is changed. Shorter periods provide greater security, but adversely affect performance.
If desired, you can change the default value.
5. Click Apply to save your settings.
Configuring WPA2-PSK
Note: Not all wireless adapters support WPA2. Furthermore, client software is required
on the client. Windows XP and Windows 2000 with Service Pack 3 do include the
client software that supports WPA2. Nevertheless, the wireless adapter hardware
and driver must also support WPA2. Consult the product document for your
wireless adapter and WP2 client software for instructions on configuring WPA2
settings.
To configure WPA2-PSK:
1. Log in at the default LAN address of http://192.168.0.1, with the default user name of admin
and default password of password, or using whatever LAN address and password you have
set up.
2. Select Network Adminisration > Wireless Settings. The Wireless Settings Screen will display.
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Figure 3-10
3. Select the WPA2 radio box and then select PSK from the WPA with: pull-down menu in the
Wireless Security Type section. The PSK settings fields in the PSK Settings section will be
highlighted.
Note: The Encryption choice will be AES by default. For WPA2+PSK, AES is used.
4. In the PSK Settings section:
•
Enter the pre-shared key in the Passphrase field. Enter a word or group of printable
characters in the Passphrase box. The Passphrase must be 8 to 63 characters in length. The
256 Bit key used for encryption is generated from this passphrase.
•
Enter a value in the Key Lifetime field. This setting determines how often the encryption
key is changed. Shorter periods provide greater security, but adversely affect performance.
If desired, you can change the default value.
5. Click Apply to save your settings.
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Configuring WPA-PSK and WPA2-PSK
Note: Not all wireless adapters support WPA and WPA2. Furthermore, client software is
required on the client. Windows XP and Windows 2000 with Service Pack 3 do
include the client software that supports WPA and WPA2. Nevertheless, the
wireless adapter hardware and driver must also support WPA and WPA2. Consult
the product document for your wireless adapter and WPA and WPA2 client
software for instructions on configuring WPA and WPA2 settings.
To configure WPA-PSK and WPA2-PSK:
1. Log in at the default LAN address of http://192.168.0.1, with the default user name of admin
and default password of password, or using whatever LAN address and password you have
set up.
2. Select Network Administration > Wireless Settings. The Wireless Settings Screen will display.
Figure 3-11
3. Select the WPA and WPA2 radio box and then select PSK from the WPA with: pull-down
menu in the Wireless Security Type section. The PSK settings fields in the PSK Settings
section will be highlighted.
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Note: The Encryption choice will be TKIP+AES by default. For WPA and
WPA2+PSK, TKIP+AES is used.
4. In the PSK Settings section:
•
Enter the pre-shared key in the Passphrase field. Enter a word or group of printable
characters in the Passphrase box. The Passphrase must be 8 to 63 characters in length. The
256 Bit key used for encryption is generated from this passphrase.
•
Enter a value in the Key Lifetime field. This setting determines how often the encryption
key is changed. Shorter periods provide greater security, but adversely affect performance.
If desired, you can change the default value.
5. Click Apply to save your settings.
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Chapter 4
Firewall Protection and Content Filtering
This chapter describes how to use the content filtering features of the ProSafe 802.11g Wireless
VPN Firewall to protect your network. These features can be found by clicking on the Security
heading in the main menu of the browser interface.
Firewall Protection and Content Filtering Overview
The ProSafe 802.11g Wireless VPN Firewall FVG318 provides you with Web content filtering
options, plus browsing activity reporting and instant alerts via e-mail. Parents and network
administrators can establish restricted access policies based on time-of-day, Web addresses and
Web address keywords. You can also block Internet access by applications and services, such as
chat or games.
A firewall is a special category of router that protects one network (the trusted network, such as
your LAN) from another (the untrusted network, such as the Internet), while allowing
communication between the two. A firewall incorporates the functions of a NAT (Network
Address Translation) router, while adding features for dealing with a hacker intrusion or attack,
and for controlling the types of traffic that can flow between the two networks. Unlike simple
Internet sharing NAT routers, a firewall uses a process called stateful packet inspection to protect
your network from attacks and intrusions. NAT performs a very limited stateful inspection in that
it considers whether the incoming packet is in response to an outgoing request, but true stateful
packet inspection goes far beyond NAT.
To configure these features of your firewall, click on the Security > Block Sites heading in the
main menu of the browser interface. The Content Filtering features are described below:
Block Sites
The FVG318 supports content filtering which allows you to block access to certain Internet sites.
Up to 32 words in an Internet sites name (for example, a website URL) can be specified causing
the site to be blocked.
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Certain commonly used web components can also be blocked for increased security. Some of these
components can be used by malicious websites to infect computers that access them. For example:
•
Proxy. A proxy server allows computers to route connections to other computers through the
proxy, thus circumventing certain firewall rules. For example, if connections to a specific IP
address are blocked by a firewall rule, the requests can be routed through a proxy that is not
blocked by the rule, rendering the restriction ineffective. Enabling this feature blocks proxy
servers.
•
•
Java. Enabling this feature blocks java applets from being downloaded from pages that
contain them. Java applets are small programs embedded in web pages that enable dynamic
functionality of the page. A malicious applet can be used to compromise or infect computers.
Enabling this setting blocks Java applets from being downloaded.
Active X. Similar to Java applets, ActiveX controls are installed on Windows computers
running Internet Explorer. A malicious ActiveX control can be used to compromise or infect
computers. Enabling this setting blocks ActiveX applets from being downloaded.
•
•
Cookies. Cookies are used to store session information by websites that usually require login.
However, several websites use cookies to store tracking information and browsing habits.
Enabling this option filters out cookies from being created by a website.
Note: Many websites require that cookies be accepted in order for the site to be
accessed properly. Blocking cookies may cause many websites to not function
properly.
Figure 4-1
To enable Content Filtering:
1. Select Security > Block Sites from the menu. The Block Sites screen will display.
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2. Check the Yes radio box in the Content Filtering section and click Apply. This will enable
content filtering and allow you to specify Web Components to be blocked.
3. Check the radio box for each Web Component you want to enable; then click Apply. The
selected Web Component options will be blocked.
Once Content Filtering has been enabled you can add Trusted IP Addresses, Blocked Keywords
and Trusted Domains.
Trusted Internet Addresses and Trusted Domains are Internet addresses and sites for which content
filtering maybe bypassed. The Trusted IP Addresses table and the Trusted Domain table list the
currently defined trusted IP addresses and domains.
The domain will appear in the Trusted Domain list. Any number of domain names can be added to
the list. Those names entered in the Trusted Domain list will be bypassed by Keyword filtering.
For example: If yahoo is added to the Blocked Keywords list and www.yahoo.com is added to the
Trusted Domain list, then www.yahoo.com will be allowed but mail.yahoo.com will not allowed.
Figure 4-2
To add a Trusted IP Address or Trusted Domain:
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1. In the appropriate field add the IP Address or Domain Name.
2. Click Add. The IP Address or Domain Name will appear in the appropriate table.
3. Click Edit adjacent to the entry to modify or change the selected IP Address or Domain Name.
An Edit screen will display. When you have completed your changes, click Apply. The change
will appear in the appropriate table.
To delete Trusted IP Addresses or Trusted Domain Names:
•
•
Click Select All to select all the items in the list, and then click Delete.
Select the checkbox adjacent to an item to delete only that entry, and then click Delete.
To add or modify a keyword:
1. Enter a new keyword in the Blocked Keyword field in the Add Blocked Keyword section and
click Add. The Blocked Keyword will appear in the Blocked Keyword table.
2. Click Add adjacent to the keyword you want to modify. An Edit Keyword screen will display.
When you have completed your changes, click Apply. The change will appear in the Blocked
Keyword table.
To delete a keyword:
•
•
Click Select All to select all the items in the list, and then click Delete.
Select the checkboxes adjacent to the keywords you want to delete, and then click Delete.
The following are examples of Blocked Keyword application s:
•
•
•
If the keyword “XXX” is specified, the URL <http://www.badstuff.com/xxx.html> is blocked,
as is the newsgroup alt.pictures.XXX.
If the keyword “.com” is specified, only websites with other domain suffixes (such as .edu or
.gov) can be viewed.
If you wish to block all Internet browsing access, enter the keyword “.”.
Using Rules to Block or Allow Specific Kinds of Traffic
Firewall rules are used to block or allow specific traffic passing through from one side to the other.
Inbound rules (WAN to LAN) restrict access by outsiders to private resources, selectively allowing
only specific outside users to access specific resources. Outbound rules (LAN to WAN) determine
what outside resources local users can have access to.
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A firewall has two default rules, one for inbound traffic and one for outbound. The default rules of
the FVG318 are:
•
•
Inbound: Block all access from outside except responses to requests from the LAN side.
Outbound: Allow all access from the LAN side to the outside.
These default rules are shown in the Rules table of the Rules menu in Figure 4-3:
Figure 4-3
You may define additional rules that specify exceptions to the default rules. By adding custom
rules, you can block or allow access based on the service or application, source or destination IP
addresses, and time of day. You can also choose to log traffic that matches or does not match the
rule you have defined.
To create, edit or change the order of a rule:
•
Click Add under the Outbound Services table to add an Outbound rule or click Add under the
Inbound Services table to add an Inbound rule.
•
Click Edit adjacent to an existing rule. An Edit Rule screen will display. After you have
completed your modifications, click Apply. The modified rule will appear in the appropriate
table.
•
In the Action column, change the order of a rule in the hierarchy of how rules are implemented
by clicking the Up or Down icons.
To delete or disable/enable rules:
•
•
•
Click select all to delete all the rules for a given service.
Check the box adjacent to the rules you want to delete, and then click Delete.
Check the box adjacent to the rule you want to enable or disable and then click the appropriate
action: Enable or Disable.
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An example of the menu for defining or editing a rule is shown in Figure 4-3. The parameters are:
•
•
•
Service. From this list, select the application or service to be allowed or blocked. The list
already displays many common services, but you are not limited to these choices. Use the
Services menu to add any additional services or applications that do not already appear.
Action. Choose how you would like this type of traffic to be handled. You can block or allow
always, or you can choose to block or allow according to the schedule you have defined in the
Schedule menu.
Source Address. Specify traffic originating on the LAN (outbound) or the WAN (inbound),
and choose whether you would like the traffic to be restricted by source IP address. You can
select Any, a Single address, or a Range. If you select a range of addresses, enter the range in
the start and finish boxes. If you select a single address, enter it in the start box.
•
•
Destination Address.The Destination Address will be assumed to be from the opposite (LAN
or WAN) of the Source Address. As with the Source Address, you can select Any, a Single
address, or a Range unless NAT is enabled and the destination is the LAN. In that case, you
must enter a Single LAN address in the start box.
Log. You can select whether the traffic will be logged. The choices are:
–
–
Never — no log entries will be made for this service.
Match — traffic of this type that matches the parameters and action will be logged.
Inbound Rules (Port Forwarding)
Because the FVG318 uses Network Address Translation (NAT), your network presents only one
IP address to the Internet, and outside users cannot directly address any of your local computers.
However, by defining an inbound rule you can make a local server (for example, a Web server or
game server) visible and available to the Internet. The rule tells the firewall to direct inbound
traffic for a particular service to one local server based on the destination port number. This is also
known as port forwarding.
Note: Some residential broadband ISP accounts do not allow you to run any server
processes (such as a Web or FTP server) from your location. Your ISP may
periodically check for servers and may suspend your account if it discovers any
active services at your location. If you are unsure, refer to the Acceptable Use
Policy of your ISP.
Remember that allowing inbound services opens holes in your VPN firewall. Only enable those
ports that are necessary for your network. Following are two application examples of inbound
rules:
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Inbound Rule Example: A Local Public Web Server
If you host a public Web server on your local network, you can define a rule to allow inbound Web
(HTTP) requests from any outside IP address to the IP address of your Web server at any time of
day. This rule is shown in Figure 4-4:
Figure 4-4
Inbound Rule Example: Allowing a Videoconference from Restricted Addresses
If you want to allow incoming video conferencing to be initiated from a restricted range of outside
IP addresses, such as from a branch office, you can create an inbound rule. In the example shown
in Figure 4-5, CU-SEEME connections are allowed only from a specified range of external IP
addresses. In this case, we have also specified logging of any incoming CU-SeeMe requests that
do not match the allowed parameters.
Figure 4-5
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Considerations for Inbound Rules
•
•
•
If your external IP address is assigned dynamically by your ISP, the IP address may change
periodically as the DHCP lease expires. Consider using the Dynamic DNS feature in the
Advanced menus so that external users can always find your network.
If the IP address of the local server PC is assigned by DHCP, it may change when the PC is
rebooted. To avoid this, use the Reserved IP address feature in the LAN IP menu to keep the
PC’s IP address constant.
Each local PC must access the local server using the PC’s local LAN address (192.168.0.99 in
Local Public Web Server example). Attempts by local PCs to access the server using the
external WAN IP address will fail.
Outbound Rules (Service Blocking)
The FVG318 allows you to block the use of certain Internet services by PCs on your network. This
is called service blocking or port filtering. You can define an outbound rule to block Internet
access from a local PC based on:
•
•
•
•
IP address of the local PC (source address)
IP address of the Internet site being contacted (destination address)
Time of day
Type of service being requested (service port number)
Following is an application example of an outbound rule:
Outbound Rule Example: Blocking Instant Messenger
If you want to block Instant Messenger usage by employees during working hours, you can create
an outbound rule to block that application from any internal IP address to any external address
according to the schedule that you have created in the Schedule menu.
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Figure 4-6
Order of Precedence for Rules
As you define new rules, they are added to the tables in the Rules table, as shown below:
Figure 4-7
For any traffic attempting to pass through the firewall, the packet information is subjected to the
rules in the order shown in the Rules table, beginning at the top and proceeding to the default rules
at the bottom. In some cases, the order of precedence of two or more rules may be important in
determining the disposition of a packet. The Up or Down buttons allow you to relocate a defined
rule to a new position in the table.
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Default DMZ Server
Incoming traffic from the Internet is normally discarded by the firewall unless the traffic is a
response to one of your local computers or a service for which you have configured an inbound
rule. Instead of discarding this traffic, you can have it forwarded to one computer on your network.
This computer is called the Default DMZ Server.
The Default DMZ Server feature is helpful when using some online games and video conferencing
applications that are incompatible with NAT. The firewall is programmed to recognize some of
these applications and to work properly with them, but there are other applications that may not
function well. In some cases, one local PC can run the application properly if that PC’s IP address
is entered as the Default DMZ Server for a particular service.
The DMZ Server screen is used for setting up a firewall rule for traffic coming from the WAN to
the DMZ. Inbound traffic for a service can be configured to be blocked or allowed, by default, or
set per a schedule (defined on the Schedule page under the Security menu).
To assign a computer or server to be a Default DMZ server:
1. Click the DMZ WAN Rules tab.
2. When the DMZ WAN Rules screen displays, click Add.
3. From the Service pull-down menu, select the service to allow or block.
This is a unique name assigned to the service. The name usually indicates the type of traffic
the rule covers such as ftp, ssh, telnet, ping, etc. Services not already in the list can be added
from the Security < Services screen.
4. Enter the Send to DMZ Service address of the device on the DMZ which is hosting the server.
Select the port number checkbox and enter a port number ONLY if the server is listening on a
port other than the default. For example, if a machine on the DMZ side is running a telnet
server on port 2000, then select the Translate to Port Number checkbox and type 2000 in the
Port field. if it is listening on the default port 23, then the box can be left unchecked.
5. From the WAN Users pull-down menu, select the specific IP addresses on the WAN that will
be affected by the rule. This rule will affect packets for the selected service to the defined IP
address or range of IP addresses on the WAN side.
•
•
•
Any: All IP addresses on the WAN will be affected by the rule.
Single Address: A single WAN IP address will be affected by the rule.
Address Range: A range of IP addresses on the DMZ network will be affected by the rule.
6. Click Apply to save your settings.
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Note: For security, NETGEAR strongly recommends that you avoid using the Default
DMZ Server feature. When a computer is designated as the Default DMZ Server, it
loses much of the protection of the firewall, and is exposed to many exploits from
the Internet. If compromised, the computer can be used to attack your network.
Attack Checks
The Attack Check screen allows you to specify if the router should be protected against common
attacks from the LAN and WAN networks. The various types of attack checks are defined below.
To access the Attack Check screen:
1. Select Security > Firewall Rules and click the Attack Checks tab. The Attack Checks screen
will display.
2. Select the Attack Check types you want to enable. Descriptions of the various Attack Check
types are described in the following table.
3. Click Apply to save your settings.
Attack Check Type
Description
WAN Security Checks
Respond to Ping On
Internet Port
To configure the router to respond to an ICMP Echo (ping) packet coming
in from the WAN side, check this box. This setting is usually used as a
diagnostic tool for connectivity problems. It is recommended that the
option be disabled at other times to prevent hackers from easily
discovering the router via a ping.
Enable Stealth Mode
Block TCP Flood
If Stealth Mode is enabled, the router will not respond to port scans from
the WAN, which makes it less susceptible to discovery and attacks.
If this option is enabled, the router will drop all invalid TCP packets and be
protected protect from a SYN flood attack.
LAN Security Checks
Block UDP Flood
If this option is enabled, the router will not accept more than 20
simultaneous, active UDP connections from a single computer on the
LAN.
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Attack Check Type
Description
VPN Pass through
IPSec/PPTP/L2TPa
Typically, the router is used as a VPN Client or Gateway that connects to
other VPN Gateways. When the router is in NAT mode, all packets going
to the Remote VPN Gateway are first filtered through NAT and then
encrypted, per the VPN policy.
a. In situations where a VPN Client or Gateway on the LAN side of this router is connected to another VPN
endpoint on the WAN (placing this router in between two VPN end points), all encrypted packets will be sent to
this router. Since this router filters the encrypted packets through NAT, the packets become invalid.
IPSec, PPTP, and L2TP represent different types of VPN tunnels that can pass through this router. To allow the VPN
traffic to pass through without filtering, the type of tunnel that will be used as a pass through must be enabled.
Services
Services are functions performed by server computers at the request of client computers. For
example, Web servers serve Web pages, time servers serve time and date information, and game
hosts serve data about other players’ moves. When a computer on the Internet sends a request for
service to a server computer, the requested service is identified by a service or port number. This
number appears as the destination port number in the transmitted IP packets. For example, a packet
that is sent with destination port number 80 is an HTTP (Web server) request.
The service numbers for many common protocols are defined by the Internet Engineering Task
Force (IETF) and published in RFC1700, “Assigned Numbers.” Service numbers for other
applications are typically chosen from the range 1024 to 65535 by the authors of the application.
Although the FVG318 already holds a list of many service port numbers, you are not limited to
these choices. Use the Services menu to add additional services and applications to the list for use
in defining firewall rules. The Services menu shows a list of services that you have defined.
To define a new service, first you must determine which port number or range of numbers is used
by the application. This information can usually be determined by contacting the publisher of the
application or from user groups of news groups.
To add a service:
1. When you have the port number information, go the Security > Services. The Services screen
will display.
2. In the Add Custom Services section:
a. Enter a descriptive name for the service in the Name field (so that you will remember
what it is).
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b. From the Type pull-down menu, select whether the service uses TCP, UDP or ICMP as its
transport protocol.
c. Enter the lowest port number used by the service in the Start Port field.
a. Enter the highest port number used by the service in the Finish Port field.
If the service only uses a single port number, enter the same number in both fields.
Figure 4-8
3. Click Add. The new service will appear in the Custom Services Table, and in the Service pull-
down menu on the Firewall Rules Add/Edit screens.
Using a Schedule to Block or Allow Specific Traffic
If you enabled content filtering in the Block Sites menu, or if you defined an outbound rule to use
a schedule, you can set up a schedule for when blocking occurs or when access is restricted. The
firewall allows you to specify when blocking will be enforced by configuring the Schedule screen
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Figure 4-9
To block keywords or Internet domains based on a schedule:
1. Select Security > Schedule from the menu. The Schedule 1 screen will display.
2. In the Scheduled Days section, select the All Days or Specific Days radio box. If you want to
limit access completely for the selected days, select All Day. Otherwise, select the specific
days that you want to limit access.
3. If you want to limit access during certain times for the selected days, select the All Day or
Specific Times radio box in the Schedule TIme of Day section. If you selected Specific
Times, then enter a Start Time and an End Time.
4. Click Apply to save your changes.
5. Configure Schedule 2 and Schedule 3, if required, following the previous steps.
Getting E-Mail Notifications of Firewall Logs
The VPN firewall can be configured to log and e-mail denial of service attacks, general attack
information, login attempts, dropped packets, and so forth, to a specified e-mail address or a
SysLog server.
In order to receive logs by e-mail, you must provide your e-mail information in the Enable E-Mail
Logs section of the Firewall Logs & E-mail screen.
To receive firewall logs via email:
1. Select Monitoring > Firewall Logs & E-Mail. The FIrewall Logs & E-mail screen will display.
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2. Enter the Log Identifier in the Log Options sections.
Every logged message will contain a prefix for easier identification of the source of the
message. The Log Identifier will be prefixed to both e-mail and Syslog messages.
3. Select which Routing Log packets you want to log.
•
•
Accepted Packets. Logs packets that were successfully transferred through the segment.
Dropped Packets. Logs packets that were blocked from being transferred through this
segment.
Note: If monitoring packets from a firewall rule, make sure that the firewall rule Log
option is set to “Always.”
4. Select the type of system events to be logged. The following system events can be recorded:
•
•
•
from a Network Time server.
Login Attempts. Logs a message when a login is attempted from the LAN network. Both,
successful and failed login attempts will be logged.
Secure Login Attempt. Logs a message when a login is attempted using the Secure
Remote Management URL (see “Enabling Remote Management Access” on page 8-8).
Both, successful and failed login attempts will be logged.
•
•
•
Reboots. Record a message when the device has been rebooted through the Web interface.
All Unicast Traffic. All unicast packets directed to the router are logged.
All Broadcast/Multicast Traffic. All broadcast or multicast packets directed to the router
are logged.
•
WAN Status: WAN link status related logs are enabled
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Figure 4-10
5. Enable E-Mail Logs. Check the Yes radio box if you wish to receive e-mail logs from the
firewall.
6. Enter your E-Mail Address information. If you enabled e-mail notification, these boxes
cannot be blank.
•
Enter the E-Mail Server Address of your ISP’s outgoing (SMTP) mail server (such as
mail.myISP.com). You may be able to find this information in the configuration menu of
your e-mail program.
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•
Enter the Return E-Mail Address to which logs and alerts are sent. This e-mail address
will also be used as the Send To E-mail address. If you leave this box blank, log and alert
messages will not be sent via e-mail.
7. If the SMTP server requires authentication before accepting connections, select either Login
Plain or CRAM-MD5 and enter the User Name and Password to be used for authentication.
To disable authentication, select the No Authentication radio box (default).
8. Check the Respond to Identd from SMTP Server radio box to configure the router to
respond to an IDENT request from the SMTP server.
9. In the Send logs according to this schedule section, you can specify that logs are sent to you
according to a schedule. From the Unit pull-down menu, select to receive logs Never, Hourly,
Daily, or Weekly. Depending on your selection, specify:
•
Day for sending log
Relevant when the log is sent weekly or daily.
•
Time for sending log
Relevant when the log is sent daily or weekly.
10. If you want the router to send logs to a SysLog server, select the Yes radio box in the Enable
SysLogs section and input the following fields:
a. SysLog Server. Enter the IP address or Internet Name of the SysLog server.
b. SysLog Facility. Select the appropriate syslog facility (Local0 to Local7).
11. Click Apply to save your settings.
Note: You can configure the firewall to send system logs to an external PC that is
running a syslog logging program. Logging programs are available for
Windows, Macintosh, and Linux computers.
The firewall logs security-related events such as denied incoming and outgoing service requests,
hacker probes, and administrator logins. If you enable content filtering in the Block Sites menu,
the Log page will also show you when someone on your network tried to access a blocked site. If
you enabled e-mail notification, you will receive these logs in an e-mail message. If you don't have
e-mail notification enabled, you can view the logs, as well as e-mail the logs by clicking the View
Log link on the Firewall Logs & E-mail screen.
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Log entries are described in Table 4-1
Table 4-1. Log entry descriptions
Field
Description
Date and Time
The date and time the log entry was recorded.
Description or
Action
The type of event and what action was taken if any.
Source IP
The IP address of the initiating device for this log entry.
Source port and
interface
The service port number of the initiating device, and whether it
originated from the LAN or WAN.
Destination
The name or IP address of the destination device or Web site.
Destination port and The service port number of the destination device, and whether it’s on
interface the LAN or WAN.
Log action buttons are described in Table 4-2
Table 4-2. Log action buttons
Button
Description
Refresh
Refresh the log screen.
Clear the log entries.
Clear Log
Send Log
Email the log immediately.
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Chapter 5
Basic Virtual Private Networking
This chapter describes how to use the virtual private networking (VPN) features of the VPN
firewall. VPN communications paths are called tunnels. VPN tunnels provide secure, encrypted
The VPN information is organized as follows:
•
•
•
common VPN configurations: client-to-gateway and gateway-to-gateway.
parameters set by the VPN Wizard.
“VPN Tunnel Configuration” on page 5-4 summarizes the two ways to configure a VPN
“Advanced Virtual Private Networking).
•
to configure a VPN tunnel between a remote PC and a network gateway using the VPN
Wizard and the NETGEAR ProSafe VPN Client.
•
•
•
“Setting Up a Gateway-to-Gateway VPN Configuration” on page 5-19 provides the steps
needed to configure a VPN tunnel between two network gateways using the VPN Wizard.
verifying, deactivating, and deleting a VPN tunnel once the VPN tunnel has been configured.
Chapter 6, “Advanced Virtual Private Networking” provides the steps needed to configure
VPN tunnels when there are special circumstances and the VPNC recommended defaults of
•
•
Appendix B, “Related Documents” has a link to “Virtual Private Networking (VPN)” which
discusses Virtual Private Networking (VPN) Internet Protocol security (IPSec). IPSec is one of
the most complete, secure, and commercially available, standards-based protocols developed
for transporting data.
Appendix C, “VPN Configuration of NETGEAR FVG318” presents a case study on how to
configure a secure IPSec VPN tunnel from a NETGEAR FVG318 to a FVL328. This case
study follows the VPN Consortium interoperability profile guidelines (found at
http://www.vpnc.org/InteropProfiles/Interop-01.html).
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Overview of VPN Configuration
Two common scenarios for configuring VPN tunnels are between a remote personal computer and
these types of VPN configurations. The VPN firewall supports up to eight concurrent tunnels.
Client-to-Gateway VPN Tunnels
Client-to-gateway VPN tunnels provide secure access from a remote PC, such as a telecommuter
connecting to an office network (see Figure 5-1).
FVG318
Figure 5-1
A VPN client access allows a remote PC to connect to your network from any location on the
Internet. In this case, the remote PC is one tunnel endpoint, running the VPN client software. The
VPN Configuration” on page 5-5 to set up this configuration.
Gateway-to-Gateway VPN Tunnels
Gateway-to-gateway VPN tunnels provide secure access between networks, such as a branch or
home office and a main office (see Figure 5-2).
Figure 5-2
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A VPN between two or more NETGEAR VPN-enabled firewalls is a good way to connect branch
or home offices and business partners over the Internet. VPN tunnels also enable access to network
resources across the Internet. In this case, use FVG318s on each end of the tunnel to form the VPN
tunnel end points. See “Setting Up a Gateway-to-Gateway VPN Configuration” on page 5-19 to
set up this configuration.
Planning a VPN
To set up a VPN connection, you must configure each endpoint with specific identification and
connection information describing the other endpoint. You must configure the outbound VPN
settings on one end to match the inbound VPN settings on other end, and vice versa.
This set of configuration information defines a security association (SA) between the two VPN
endpoints. When planning your VPN, you must make a few choices first:
•
Will the local end be any device on the LAN, a portion of the local network (as defined by a
subnet or by a range of IP addresses), or a single PC?
•
•
Will the remote end be any device on the remote LAN, a portion of the remote network (as
defined by a subnet or by a range of IP addresses), or a single PC?
Will either endpoint use Fully Qualified Domain Names (FQDNs)? Many DSL accounts are
provisioned with DHCP addressing, where the IP address of the WAN port can change from
time to time. Under these circumstances, configuring the WAN port with a dynamic DNS
(DynDNS) service provider simplifies the configuration task. When DynDNS is configured on
the WAN port, configure the VPN using FDQN.
FQDNs supplied by Dynamic DNS providers can allow a VPN endpoint with a dynamic IP
address to initiate or respond to a tunnel request. Otherwise, the side using a dynamic IP
address must always be the initiator.
•
What method will you use to configure your VPN tunnels?
–
–
The VPN Wizard using VPNC defaults (see Table 5-1)
Advanced methods (see Chapter 6, “Advanced Virtual Private Networking”)
Table 5-1. Parameters recommended by the VPNC and used in the VPN Wizard
Parameter
Factory Default
Secure Association
Authentication Method
Encryption Method
Main Mode
Pre-shared Key
3DES
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Table 5-1. Parameters recommended by the VPNC and used in the VPN Wizard
Parameter
Factory Default
Authentication Protocol
Diffie-Hellman (DH) Group
Key Life
SHA-1
Group 2 (1024 bit)
8 hours
IKE Life Time
24 hours
NETBIOS
Enabled
•
•
What level of IPSec VPN encryption will you use?
–
–
–
DE – The Data Encryption Standard (DES) processes input data that is 64 bits wide,
encrypting these values using a 56 bit key. Faster but less secure than 3DES.
3DES – (Triple DES) achieves a higher level of security by encrypting the data three times
using DES with three different, unrelated keys.
AES
What level of authentication will you use?
–
–
MDS – 128 bits, faster but less secure.
SHA-1 – 160 bits, slower but more secure.
Note: NETGEAR publishes additional interoperability scenarios with various
gateway and client software products.
VPN Tunnel Configuration
There are two tunnel configurations and three ways to configure them:
•
–
–
See “Setting Up a Client-to-Gateway VPN Configuration” on page 5-5.
See “Setting Up a Gateway-to-Gateway VPN Configuration” on page 5-19.
•
See Chapter 6, “Advanced Virtual Private Networking” when the VPN Wizard and its VPNC
defaults (see Table 5-1 on page 5-4) are not appropriate for your special circumstances.
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Setting up a VPN between a remote PC running the NETGEAR ProSafe VPN Client and a
network gateway (see Figure 5-3) involves the following two steps:
•
“Step 1: Configuring the Client-to-Gateway VPN Tunnel on the FVG318” on page 5-5 uses
the VPN Wizard to configure the VPN tunnel between the remote PC and network gateway.
•
“Step 2: Configuring the NETGEAR ProSafe VPN Client on the Remote PC” on page 5-7
configures the NETGEAR ProSafe VPN Client endpoint.
FVG318
Figure 5-3
Step 1: Configuring the Client-to-Gateway VPN Tunnel on the
FVG318
Note: This section uses the VPN Wizard to set up the VPN tunnel using the VPNC
default parameters listed in Table 5-1 on page 5-4. If you have special requirements
not covered by these VPNC-recommended parameters, refer to Chapter 6,
“Advanced Virtual Private Networking” to set up the VPN tunnel.
Follow this procedure to configure a client-to-gateway VPN tunnel using the VPN Wizard.
1. Log in to the FVG318 at its LAN address of http://192.168.0.1 with its default user name of
admin and password of password.
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2. Select VPN > VPN Wizard from the menu. The WPN Wizard screen will display.
Select the radio button:
A remote VPN client (single
PC)
Enter the new Connection
Name: (RoadWarrior in this
example)
Enter the pre-shared key:
(12345678 in this example)
Figure 5-4
3. Check the VPN Client radio button and enter the Connection Name and the pre-shared key.
The End Point Information will be populated automatically for access by remote PCs running
VPN client software.
Note: The Connection Name is arbitrary and is used for management and
identification purposes only.
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4. Click the VPN Wizard Default Values link on the VPN Wizard screen to display the VPN
default values shown below. The Wizard sets most parameters to defaults as proposed by the
VPN Consortium.
Figure 5-5
5. Click Apply on the VPN Wizard screen to complete the configuration procedure. The VPN
Policies screen will display showing that the new tunnel is enabled.
Figure 5-6
To view or modify the tunnel settings, click Edit.
To enable/disable the tunnel, select the checkbox and click Enable or Disable.
Step 2: Configuring the NETGEAR ProSafe VPN Client on the
Remote PC
This procedure describes how to configure the NETGEAR ProSafe VPN Client. This example
assumes the PC running the client has a dynamically assigned IP address.
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The PC must have the NETGEAR ProSafe VPN Client program installed that supports IPSec. Go
to the NETGEAR Web site (http://www.netgear.com) and select VPN01L_VPN05L in the Product
Quick Find drop-down menu for information on how to purchase the NETGEAR ProSafe VPN
Client.
Note: Before installing the NETGEAR ProSafe VPN Client software, be sure to turn off
any virus protection or firewall software you may be running on your PC.
1. Install the NETGEAR ProSafe VPN Client on the remote PC and reboot.
a. You may need to insert your Windows CD to complete the installation.
b. If you do not have a modem or dial-up adapter installed in your PC, you may see the
warning message stating “The NETGEAR ProSafe VPN Component requires at least one
dial-up adapter be installed.” You can disregard this message.
c. Install the IPSec Component. You may have the option to install either the VPN Adapter
or the IPSec Component or both. The VPN Adapter is not necessary.
d. The system should show the ProSafe icon ( ) in the system tray after rebooting.
e. Double-click the system tray icon to open the Security Policy Editor.
2. Add a new connection.
Note: The procedure in this section explains how to create a new security policy from
scratch. For the procedure on how to import an existing security policy that has
already been created on another client running the NETGEAR ProSafe VPN
Client, see “Transferring a Security Policy to Another Client” on page 5-17.
a. Run the NETGEAR ProSafe Security Policy Editor program and create a VPN
Connection.
b. From the Edit menu of the Security Policy Editor, click Add, then Connection. A “New
Connection” listing appears in the list of policies. Rename the “New Connection” so that it
matches the Connection Name you entered in the VPN Settings of the FVG318 on
LAN A.
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Note: In this example, the Connection Name used on the client side of the VPN
tunnel is NETGEAR_VPN_router and it does not have to match the
RoadWarrior Connection Name used on the gateway side of the VPN
tunnel (see Figure 5-8) because Connection Names are unrelated to how
the VPN tunnel functions.
Tip: Choose Connection Names that make sense to the people using and
administrating the VPN.
Figure 5-7
3. Enter the connection settings for the new connection:
a. Select Secure in the Connection Security check box
b. Select IP Subnet in the ID Type menu.
In this example, type 192.168.0.0 in the Subnet field as the network address of the
FVG318.
c. Enter 255.255.255.0 in the Mask field as the LAN Subnet Mask of the FVG318.
d. Select All in the Protocol menu to allow all traffic through the VPN tunnel.
e. Select the Connect using Secure Gateway Tunnel check box.
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f. Select Domain Name in the ID Type menu below the check box.
g. Enter the public WAN IP Domain Name of the FVG318 in the field directly below the ID
Type menu. In this example, fvg_local.com would be used.
The resulting Connection Settings are shown in Figure 5-8.
Figure 5-8
4. Configure the Security Policy in the NETGEAR ProSafe VPN Client software.
a. In the Network Security Policy list, expand the new connection by double clicking its
name or clicking on the “+” symbol. My Identity and Security Policy subheadings appear
below the connection name.
b. Click on the Security Policy subheading to show the Security Policy menu.
c. Select the Main Mode in the Select Phase 1 Negotiation Mode check box.
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Figure 5-9
5. Configure the VPN Client Identity. Provide information about the remote VPN client PC. You
will need to provide:
–
–
The Pre-Shared Key that you configured in the FVG318.
Either a fixed IP address or a “fixed virtual” IP address of the VPN client PC.
a. In the Network Security Policy list on the left side of the Security Policy Editor window,
click on My Identity.
Figure 5-10
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b. Choose None in the Select Certificate box.
c. Select IP Address in the ID Type box. If you are using a virtual fixed IP address, enter this
address in the Internal Network IP Address box. Otherwise, leave this box empty.
d. In the Internet Interface box, select the adapter you use to access the Internet. Select PPP
Adapter in the Name menu if you have a dial-up Internet account. Select your Ethernet
adapter if you have a dedicated Cable or DSL line. You may also choose Any if you will
be switching between adapters or if you have only one adapter.
e. Click the Pre-Shared Key button. In the Pre-Shared Key dialog box, click the Enter Key
button. Enter the FVG318’s Pre-Shared Key and click OK. In this example, 12345678 is
entered. This field is case sensitive.
Figure 5-11
6. Configure the VPN Client Authentication Proposal. Provide the type of encryption (DES or
3DES) to be used for this connection. This selection must match your selection in the FVG318
configuration.
a. In the Network Security Policy list on the left side of the Security Policy Editor window,
expand the Security Policy heading by double clicking its name or clicking on the “+”
symbol.
b. Expand the Authentication subheading by double clicking its name or clicking on the “+”
symbol. Then select Proposal 1 below Authentication.
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Figure 5-12
c. In the Authentication Method menu, select Pre-Shared key.
d. In the Encrypt Alg menu, select the type of encryption. In this example, use Triple DES.
e. In the Hash Alg menu, select SHA-1.
f. In the SA Life menu, select Unspecified.
g. In the Key Group menu, select Diffie-Hellman Group 2.
7. Configure the VPN Client Key Exchange Proposal. Provide the type of encryption (DES or
3DES) to be used for this connection. This selection must match your selection in the FVG318
configuration.
a. Expand the Key Exchange subheading by double clicking its name or clicking on the “+”
symbol. Then select Proposal 1 below Key Exchange.
b. In the SA Life menu, select Unspecified.
c. In the Compression menu, select None.
d. Check the Encapsulation Protocol (ESP) check box.
e. In the Encrypt Alg menu, select the type of encryption. In this example, use Triple DES.
f. In the Hash Alg menu, select SHA-1.
g. In the Encapsulation menu, select Tunnel.
h. Leave the Authentication Protocol (AH) check box unchecked.
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Figure 5-13
8. Save the VPN Client Settings. From the File menu at the top of the Security Policy Editor
window, click Save.
After you have configured and saved the VPN client information, your PC will automatically open
the VPN connection when you attempt to access any IP addresses in the range of the remote VPN
firewall’s LAN.
To check the VPN connection.
Initiate a request from the remote PC to the FVG318’s network by using the “Connect” option in
the NETGEAR ProSafe menu bar. The NETGEAR ProSafe client will report the results of the
attempt to connect. Since the remote PC has a dynamically assigned WAN IP address, it must
initiate the request.
To perform a ping test using our example, start from the remote PC:
1. Establish an Internet connection from the PC.
2. On the Windows tasteable, click the Start button, and then click Run.
3. Type ping -t 192.168.3.1 , and then click OK.
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Figure 5-14
This will cause a continuous ping to be sent to the first FVG318. After between several
seconds and two minutes, the ping response should change from “timed out” to “reply”, as
shown below.
Figure 5-15
Once the connection is established, you can open the browser of the PC and enter the LAN IP
address of the remote FVG318. After a short wait, you should see the login screen of the VPN
Firewall Router (unless another PC already has the FVG318 management interface open).
Monitoring the Progress and Status of the VPN Client Connection
Information on the progress and status of the VPN client connection can be viewed by opening the
NETGEAR ProSafe Log Viewer.
To launch this function:
1. Click the Windows Start button, and select Programs > NETGEAR ProSafe VPN Client >
Log Viewer. The Log Viewer screen for a similar successful connection is shown below:
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Figure 5-16
Note: Use the active VPN tunnel information and pings to determine whether a failed
connection is due to the VPN tunnel or some reason outside the VPN tunnel.
2. The Connection Monitor screen for a similar connection is shown below:
Figure 5-17
In this example you can see the following:
•
•
•
The FVG318 has a public IP WAN address of 22.23.24.25.
The FVG318 has a LAN IP address of 192.168.3.1.
The VPN client PC has a dynamically assigned address of 192.168.2.2.
While the connection is being established, the Connection Name field in this menu will say “SA”
before the name of the connection. When the connection is successful, the “SA” will change to the
yellow key symbol shown in the illustration above.
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Note: While your PC is connected to a remote LAN through a VPN, you might not have
normal Internet access. If this is the case, you will need to close the VPN
connection in order to have normal Internet access.
This section explains how to export and import a security policy as an .spd file so that an existing
NETGEAR ProSafe VPN Client configuration can be copied to other PCs running the NETGEAR
ProSafe VPN Client.
The following procedure (Figure 5-18) enables you to export a security policy as an .spd file.
To export a security policy:
1. Select Export Security Policy from the File pull-down menu.
Figure 5-18
2. Once you decide the name of the file and directory where you want to store the client policy,
click Export.
In this example, the exported policy is named policy.spd and is being stored on the C drive.
Figure 5-19
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To import an existing Security Policy:
1. Invoke the NETGEAR ProSafe VPN Client and select Import Security Policy from the File
pull-down menu.
Figure 5-20
2. Select the security policy to import.
In this example, the security policy file is named FVS318v3_clientpolicy_direct.spd and
located on the Desktop.
Figure 5-21
The security policy is now imported. In this example, the connection name is Scenario_1
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Setting Up a Gateway-to-Gateway VPN Configuration
Note: This section uses the VPN Wizard to set up the VPN tunnel using the VPNC
default parameters listed in Table 5-1 on page 5-4. If you have special requirements
not covered by these VPNC-recommended parameters, refer to Chapter 6,
“Advanced Virtual Private Networking” to set up the VPN tunnel.
FVG318 VPN Firewall
FVG318 VPN Firewall
Figure 5-22
The following procedure will show how to set the LAN IPs on each FVG318 to different subnets
and configure each properly for the Internet.
•
The LAN IP address ranges of each VPN endpoint must be different. The connection will fail
if both are using the NETGEAR default address range of 192.168.0.x.
•
In this example, LAN A uses 192.168.0.1 and LAN B uses 192.168.3.1.
To configure a gateway-to-gateway VPN tunnel using the VPN Wizard.
1. Log in to the FVG318 on LAN A at its default LAN address of http://192.168.0.1 with its
default user name of admin and password of password.
2. Select VPN > VPN Wizard from the main menu. The VPN Wizard screen will display.
3. Select the Gateway radio box in the About VPN Wizard section.
4. In the Connection Name and Remote IP Type section, enter the Connection Name and the pre-
shared key.
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5. In the End Point Information section, enter the Remote WANs IP Address or Internet Name
and the Local WAN’s IP Address or Internet Name. Both local and remote ends must be
defined as either IP addresses or Internet Names (FQDNs).
Note: The Local IP Address field can be left as the default address unless you are
using a different IP Address or FQDN.
Select the radio button:
A remote VPN Gateway
Enter the new Connection
Name: (GtoG in this example)
Enter the pre-shared key:
(12345678 in this example)
Enter the WAN IP address of
the remote VPN gateway:
(22.23.24.25 in this example)
Enter the LAN IP settings of the
remote VPN gateway. For
example:
• IP Address (192.168.3.1)
• Subnet Mask (255.255.255.0)
Figure 5-23
6. In the Security Connection Remote Accessibility section, enter the remote LAN IP address
and Subnet Mask at the target endpoint that can use this tunnel.
Note: The IP Address range on the remote LAN must be different from the IP
Address range on the local LAN.
You can view the VPNC recommended authentication and encryption settings used by the
VPN Wizard by clicking the VPN Wizard Default Values link.
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Figure 5-24
7. Click Apply to complete the configuration procedure. The IKE Policies menu will display the
local and remote WAN connection points as shown below.
Figure 5-25
8. Click the VPN Policy to display the VPN Policies showing that the new tunnel is enabled.
Figure 5-26
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To configure a gateway-to-gateway VPN tunnel using the VPN Wizard on LAN B:.
1. Log in to the FVG318 on LAN B at its default LAN address of http://192.168.0.1 with its
default user name of admin and password of password.
2. Repeat the VPN Wizard process for the FVG318 on LAN B. Pay special attention and use the
following network settings as appropriate.
•
•
WAN IP of the remote VPN gateway (for example, 14.15.16.17)
LAN IP settings of the remote VPN gateway:
–
–
–
IP Address (for example, 192.168.0.1)
Subnet Mask (for example, 255.255.255.0)
3. Use the VPN Status screen to activate the VPN tunnel by performing the following steps:
Note: The VPN Status screen is only one of three ways to active a VPN tunnel. See
“Activating a VPN Tunnel” on page 5-23 for information on the other ways.
a. Open the FVG318, open VPN > Connection Status to get the IPSec Connection Status
screen (Figure 5-27).
Figure 5-27
b. Click Connect for the VPN tunnel you want to activate.
c. Look at the VPN Logs by selecting Monitoring < VPN Logs to verify that the tunnel is
connected.
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Figure 5-28
Activating a VPN Tunnel
There are three ways to activate a VPN tunnel:
•
•
•
Start using the VPN tunnel.
Use the IPSec Connection Status screen.
Activate the VPN tunnel by pinging the remote endpoint.
To use a VPN tunnel:
1. Open a Web browser.
2. Go to the URL whose IP address or IP address range is covered by the policy for that VPN
tunnel.
To use the IPSec Connection Status screen to activate a VPN tunnel:
1. Log in to the VPN Firewall Router.
2. Open the FVG318 VPN > Connection Status screen to get the IPSec Connection Status screen
(Figure 5-27).
3. Click Connect adjacent to the policy to get the VPN tunnel you want to activate.
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To activate the VPN tunnel by pinging the remote endpoint, select your configuration (either
client-to-gateway or gateway-to-gateway):
Note: This section uses 192.168.3.1 for an example remote endpoint LAN IP address.
•
Client-to-Gateway Configuration – to check the VPN Connection, you can initiate a request
from the remote PC to the FVG318’s network by using the “Connect” option in the
NETGEAR ProSafe menu bar. The NETGEAR ProSafe client will report the results of the
attempt to connect. Since the remote PC has a dynamically assigned WAN IP address, it must
initiate the request.
To perform a ping test using our example, start from the remote PC:
a. Establish an Internet connection from the PC.
b. On the Windows task bar, click the Start button, and then click Run.
c. Type ping -t 192.168.3.1 and then click OK.
Figure 5-29
This will cause a continuous ping to be sent to the first FVG318. Within two minutes, the
ping response should change from “timed out” to “reply.”
Note: Use Ctrl-C to stop the pinging.
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Figure 5-30
Once the connection is established, you can open the browser of the PC and enter the LAN IP
address of the remote FVG318. After a short wait, you should see the login screen of the VPN
Firewall Router (unless another PC already has the FVG318 management interface open).
•
Gateway-to-Gateway Configuration. Test the VPN tunnel by pinging the remote network
from a PC attached to the FVG318.
a. Open a command prompt (Start -> Run -> cmd).
b. Type ping 192.168.3.1.
Figure 5-31
Note: The pings may fail the first time. If so, then try the pings a second time.
Verifying the Status of a VPN Tunnel
To use the VPN Logs screen to determine the status of a VPN tunnel, perform the following steps:
1. Log in to the VPN Firewall Router.
2. Open the FVG318 Monitoring > VPN Logs to get the VPN Logs screen (see Figure 5-28).
This log shows the details of recent VPN activity, including the building of the VPN tunnel. If
there is a problem with the VPN tunnel, refer to the log for information about what might be
the cause of the problem.
•
•
Click Refresh to see the most recent entries.
Click Clear Log to delete all log entries.
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To Use the IPSec Connection Status screen to change the status of a VPN connection:
3. Click VPN > Connection Status (Figure 5-26) to get the IPSec Connection Status screen
(Figure 5-27).
This page lists the following data for each active VPN Tunnel.
•
SPI – each SA has a unique SPI (Security Parameter Index) for traffic in each direction.
For Manual key exchange, the SPI is specified in the Policy definition. For Automatic key
exchange, the SPI is generated by the IKE protocol.
•
•
•
•
•
Policy Name – The name of the VPN policy associated with this SA.
Remote Endpoint – The IP address on the remote VPN Endpoint.
Tx (KB) – The number of KBs of data transmitted over this SA.
Tx (Packets) – The number of IP packets transmitted over this SA.
State – Displays the current status of the SA for IKE policies. The status can be either Not
Connected or IPSec SA Established.
•
Action – Click Connect to build the SA (connection) or Drop to terminate the SA
(connection), as required.
The screen refreshes automatically to display the most current status for an SA. The settings
for page refresh are:
•
•
Poll Interval – Time in seconds, after which the page will automatically reload.
Set Interval – You can set a new value in the Poll Interval text field and click Set Interval
to set a new interval value.
•
Stop – If you click Stop, the polling interval will cease.
Deactivating a VPN Tunnel
Sometimes a VPN tunnel must be deactivated for testing purposes. There are two ways to
deactivate a VPN tunnel:
•
•
Policy table on VPN Policies screen
Connection Status screen
To use the VPN Policies screen to deactivate a VPN tunnel:
1. Log in to the VPN Firewall Router.
2. Select VPN > VPN Policies and click the VPN Policies tab to get the VPN Policies screen
below (Figure 5-32).
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3. Select the checkbox adjacent to the policy you want to disable and click disable. The VPN
Policy will be disabled.
Figure 5-32
Using the VPN Status Page to Deactivate a VPN Tunnel
To use the VPN Connection Status screen to deactivate a VPN tunnel:
1. Log in to the VPN Firewall Router.
2. Select the VPN > Connection Status screen. The IPSec Connection Status screen will display.
Note: When NETBIOS is enabled (which it is in the VPNC defaults implemented by the
VPN Wizard), automatic traffic will reactivate the tunnel. To prevent reactivation
from happening, either disable NETBIOS or disable the policy for the tunnel (see
“Using the Policy Table on the VPN Policies Screen to Deactivate a VPN Tunnel”
on page 5-26).
Deleting a VPN Tunnel
To delete a VPN tunnel:
1. Log in to the VPN Firewall Router.
2. Click VPN > Policies and click the VPN Policies tab to display the VPN Policies screen
(Figure 5-32). Select the radio button for the VPN tunnel to be deleted and click Delete.
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Chapter 6
This chapter describes how to use the advanced virtual private networking (VPN) features of the
VPN firewall. See Chapter 5, “Basic Virtual Private Networking” for a description on how to use
the basic VPN features.
The FVG318 uses state-of-the-art firewall and security technology to facilitate controlled and
actively monitored VPN connectivity. Since the FVG318 strictly conforms to IETF standards, it is
interoperable with devices from major network equipment vendors.
FVG318 VPN Firewall
FVG318 VPN Firewall
Figure 6-1
Using IKE and VPN Policies to Manage VPN Traffic
You create policy definitions to manage VPN traffic on the FVG318. There are two kinds of
policies:
•
IKE Policies. Define the authentication scheme and automatically generate the encryption
keys. As an alternative option, to further automate the process, you can create an IKE policy
that uses a trusted certificate authority to provide the authentication while the IKE policy still
handles the encryption.
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•
VPN Policies. Apply the IKE policy to specific traffic that requires a VPN tunnel. Or, you can
create a VPN policy that does not use an IKE policy but in which you manually enter all the
authentication and key parameters.
Since VPN policies use IKE policies, you define the IKE policy first. The FVG318 also allows you
to manually input the authentication scheme and encryption key values. In the case of manual key
management there will not be any IKE policies.
In order to establish secure communication over the Internet with the remote site you need to
configure matching VPN policies on both the local and remote VPN firewalls. The outbound VPN
policy on one end must match to the inbound VPN policy on other end, and vice versa.
When the network traffic enters into the FVG318 from the LAN network interface, if there is no
VPN policy found for a type of network traffic, then that traffic passes through without any
change. However, if the traffic is selected by a VPN policy, then the IPSec authentication and
encryption rules are applied to it as defined in the VPN policy.
By default, a new VPN policy is added with the least priority, that is, at the end of the VPN policy
table.
Using Automatic Key Management
The most common configuration scenarios will use IKE policies to automatically manage the
authentication and encryption keys. Based on the IKE policy, some parameters for the VPN tunnel
are generated automatically. The IKE protocols perform negotiations between the two VPN
endpoints to automatically generate required parameters.
Some organizations will use an IKE policy with a Certificate Authority (CA) to perform
authentication. Typically, CA authentication is used in large organizations that maintain their own
internal CA server. This requires that each VPN gateway have a certificate from the CA. Using
CAs reduces the amount of data entry required on each VPN endpoint.
IKE Policy Automatic Key and Authentication Management
Click the IKE Policies tab from the VPN > Policies section of the main menu, and then click the
Add button of the IKE Policies screen to display the IKE Policy Configuration menu shown in
Figure 6-2.
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The IKE Policy Configuration fields are defined in the following table.
Click to create VPN policy.
Figure 6-2
VPN Policy Configuration for Auto Key and Manual Negotiation
Click the Add New VPN Policy link on the Add IKE Policy screen or select VPN > Policies and
click the VPN Policies tab to navigate to the VPN Policies configuration screen.
•
•
An already defined IKE policy is required for VPN Auto Policy configuration.
With Manual Key Management, you will not use an IKE policy. You must manually type in all
the required key information.
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Figure 6-3
The VPN Manual and Auto Policy fields are defined in the following table.
Table 6-1. VPN Manual and Auto Policy Configuration Fields
Field
Description
General
These settings identify this policy and determine its major characteristics.
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Table 6-1. VPN Manual and Auto Policy Configuration Fields (continued)
Field
Policy Name
Description
The descriptive name of the VPN policy. Each policy should have a
unique policy name. This name is not supplied to the remote VPN
endpoint. It is only used to help you identify VPN policies.
Policy Type:
A policy can be generated automatically or manually: To create an Auto
VPN Policy, you must first create an IKE policy and then add the
corresponding Auto Policy for that IKE Policy.
• Manual: All settings (including the keys) for the VPN tunnel are
manually input for each end point. No 3rd party server or organization
is involved.
• Auto: Some parameters for the VPN tunnel are generated
automatically. This requires using the IKE (Internet Key Exchange)
protocol to perform negotiations between the 2 VPN Endpoints.
Remote End Point:
The IP address or Internet name (FQDN) of the remote gateway or client
PC. Conversely, the remote VPN endpoint must have the FVG318 local
IP values entered as it’s Remote VPN Endpoint.
NetBIOS
If enabled, it will allow NetBIOS broadcast to travel over the VPN tunnel
Traffic Selection
The IP addresses on both the remote and local sides that will be part of
the tunnel. They can be either a single IP address, several IP addresses
in a range, or an entire subnet.
Local IP
The drop-down menu allows you to configure the source IP address of
the outbound network traffic for which this VPN policy will provide
security.
Usually, this address is from your network address space. The choices
are:
• ANY for all valid IP addresses in the Internet address space
• Single IP Address
• Range of IP Addresses
• Subnet Address
Remote IP
The drop-down menu allows you to configure the destination IP address
of the outbound network traffic for which this VPN policy will provide
security. Usually, this address is from the remote site's corporate network
address space. The choices are:
• ANY for all valid IP addresses in the Internet address space
• Single IP Address
• Range of IP Addresses
• Subnet Address
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Table 6-1. VPN Manual and Auto Policy Configuration Fields (continued)
Field
Description
Manual Policy Parameters
The Manual Policy creates an SA (Security Association) based on static
inputs
SPI-Incoming; SPI-Outgoing Takes a hexadecimal value between 3 and 8 characters; for example:
0x1234
Encryption Algorithm:
The algorithm used to encrypt the data:
• Encryption Key-In: Encryption key of the inbound policy. The length of
the key depends on the algorithm chosen. The length is in characters
as follows:
DES – 8 characters
3DES – 24 characters
AES-128 – 16 characters
AES-192 – 24 characters
AES-256 – 32 characters
• Encryption Key-Out: Encryption key of the outbound policy. The
length of the key depends on the algorithm chosen. Lengths for the
outbound policy encryption key are the same as for the inbound policy.
Integrity Algorithm:
Algorithm used to verify the integrity of the data.
• Integrity Key-In: The integrity key (for Encapsulated Security Payload
(ESP) with encryption mode) for the inbound policy and depends on
the algorithm chosen:
MD5 – 16 characters
SHA-1 – 20 characters
• Integrity Key-Out: The integrity key (for ESP with encryption mode)
for the outbound policy and depends on the algorithm chosen. Lengths
are the same as for the inbound mode.
Auto Policy Parameters
SA Life Time
The duration of the Security Association before it expires.
• Seconds — the amount of time before the SA expires. Over an hour is
common (3600).
• Kbytes — the amount of traffic before the SA expires.
One of these can be set without setting the other.
Encryption Algorithm
Integrity Algorithm
The encryption algorithm used to encrypt the data:
• DES – the default
• 3DES – more secure
Algorithm used to verify the integrity of the data. The choices are:
• MD5 – the default
• SHA1 – more secure
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Table 6-1. VPN Manual and Auto Policy Configuration Fields (continued)
Field
PFS Key Group
Description
Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS) improves security. While this is slower, it
will ensure that a Diffie-Hellman exchange is performed for every phase
2 negotiation.
• DH Group 1 (768 bit)
• DH Group 2 (1024 bit)
• DH Group 5 (1536 bit)
Select IKE Policy
The existing IKE policies are presented a drop-down list. You can also
click view selected to review the settings of the selected IKE policy. This
IKE policy will define the characteristics of phase 1 negotiation.
Note: You must create the IKE policy before creating a VPN Auto Policy.
Using Digital Certificates for IKE Auto-Policy Authentication
Digital certificates are strings generated using encryption and authentication schemes that cannot
be duplicated by anyone without access to the different values used in the production of the string.
They are issued by Certification Authorities (CAs) to authenticate a person or a workstation
uniquely. The CAs are authorized to issue these certificates by Policy Certification Authorities
(PCAs), who are in turn certified by the Internet Policy Registration Authority (IPRA). The
FVG318 is able to use certificates to authenticate users at the end points during the IKE key
exchange process (see.
The certificates can be obtained from a certificate server that an organization might maintain
internally or from the established public CAs. The certificates are produced by providing the
particulars of the user being identified to the CA. The information provided may include the user's
name, e-mail ID, and domain name.
Each CA has its own certificate. The certificates of a CA are added to the FVG318 and then can be
used to form IKE policies for the user. Once a CA certificate is added to the FVG318 and a
certificate is created for a user, the corresponding IKE policy is added to the FVG318. Whenever
the user tries to send traffic through the FVG318, the certificates are used in place of pre-shared
keys during initial key exchange as the authentication and key generation mechanism. Once the
keys are established and the tunnel is set up the connection proceeds according to the VPN policy.
Certificate Revocation List (CRL)
Each Certification Authority (CA) maintains a list of the revoked certificates. The list of these
revoked certificates is known as the Certificate Revocation List (CRL).
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Whenever an IKE policy receives the certificate from a peer, it checks for this certificate in the
CRL on the FVG318 obtained from the corresponding CA. If the certificate is not present in the
CRL it means that the certificate is not revoked. IKE can then use this certificate for
authentication. If the certificate is present in the CRL it means that the certificate is revoked, and
the IKE will not authenticate the client.
You must manually update the FVG318 CRL regularly in order for the CA-based authentication
process to remain valid.
VPN Configuration Scenarios on the FVG318
There are a variety of configurations you might implement with the FVG318. The scenarios listed
below illustrate typical configurations you might use in your organization.
In order to help make it easier to set up an IPsec system, the following two scenarios are provided.
make it easier to get the systems from different vendors to interoperate. NETGEAR is providing
you with both of these scenarios in the following two formats:
•
•
VPN Consortium Scenarios without any product implementation details
VPN Consortium Scenarios based on the FVG318 User Interface
The purpose of providing these two versions of the same scenarios is to help you determine where
the two vendors use different vocabulary. Seeing the examples presented in these different ways
will reveal how systems from different vendors do the same thing.
The PC must have the NETGEAR ProSafe VPN Client program installed that supports IPSec. Go
Quick Find drop down menu for information on how to purchase the NETGEAR ProSafe VPN
Client.
Note: Before installing the NETGEAR ProSafe VPN Client software, be sure to turn off
any virus protection or firewall software you may be running on your PC.
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VPN Consortium Scenario 1:
Gateway-to-Gateway with Preshared Secrets
The following is a typical gateway-to-gateway VPN that uses a preshared secret for authentication.
Figure 6-4
Gateway A connects the internal LAN 10.5.6.0/24 to the Internet. Gateway A’s LAN interface has
the address 10.5.6.1, and its WAN (Internet) interface has the address 14.15.16.17.
Gateway B connects the internal LAN 172.23.9.0/24 to the Internet. Gateway B’s WAN (Internet)
interface has the address 22.23.24.25. Gateway B’s LAN interface address, 172.23.9.1, can be
used for testing IPsec but is not needed for configuring Gateway A.
The IKE Phase 1 parameters used in Scenario 1 are:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Main mode
TripleDES
SHA-1
MODP group 2 (1024 bits)
pre-shared secret of “hr5xb84l6aa9r6”
SA lifetime of 28800 seconds (eight hours) with no kilobytes rekeying
The IKE Phase 2 parameters used in Scenario 1 are:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
TripleDES
SHA-1
ESP tunnel mode
MODP group 2 (1024 bits)
Perfect forward secrecy for rekeying
SA lifetime of 3600 seconds (one hour) with no kilobytes rekeying
Selectors for all IP protocols, all ports, between 10.5.6.0/24 and 172.23.9.0/24, using IPv4
subnets
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FVG318 Gateway A to FVG318 Gateway B (IKE and VPN Policies)
Note: This scenario assumes all ports are open on the FVG318. You can verify this by
reviewing the security settings as seen in Figure 6-5
Note:
FVG318
FVG318
Figure 6-5
Use this scenario illustration and configuration screens as a model to build your configuration.
1. Log in to the FVG318 labeled Gateway A as in the illustration.
Log in at the default address of http://192.168.0.1 with the default user name of admin and
default password of password, or using whatever password and LAN address you have
chosen.
2. Configure the WAN (Internet) and LAN IP addresses of the FVG318.
a. Select Network Configuration > WAN Settings to access the WAN ISP Settings menu.
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WAN IP
addresses
ISP provides
these addresses
Figure 6-6
b. Configure the WAN Internet Address according to the settings above and click Apply to
save your settings. For more information on configuring the WAN IP settings, please see
“Manually Configuring your Internet Connection” on page 2-7.
c. Select Network Configuration > LAN Setup. The LAN Setup screen will display.
Figure 6-7
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d. Configure the LAN IP address according to the settings above and click Apply to save
your settings. For more information on LAN TCP/IP setup topics, please see “Configuring
LAN TCP/IP Setup Parameters” on page 8-2.
Note: After you click Apply to change the LAN IP address settings, your
workstation will be disconnected from the FVG318. You will have to log
on with http://10.5.6.1 which is now the address you use to connect to the
built-in Web-based configuration manager of the FVG318.
3. Set up the IKE Policy illustrated below on the FVG318.
a. Select VPN > Policies. The IKE Policies screen will display. Click Add to display the Add
IKE Policy screen shown below.
Figure 6-8
b. Configure the IKE Policy according to the settings in the illustration above and click
Apply to save your settings. For more information on IKE Policy topics, please see “IKE
Policy Automatic Key and Authentication Management” on page 6-2.
4. Set up the FVG318 VPN Auto Policy as illustrated below.
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a. Select VPN > Policies and click the VPN Policies tab. The VPN Policies screen will
display. Click Add to display the Add VPN Policy screen.
Figure 6-9
b. Configure the VPN Policy according to the settings in the illustration above and click
Apply to save your settings. For more information on VPN Policy topics, please see “VPN
Policy Configuration for Auto Key and Manual Negotiation” on page 6-3.
FVG318 A and FVG318 B will flow over a secure VPN tunnel.
Checking Your VPN Connections
You can test connectivity and view VPN status information on the FVG318 (see also “Activating a
VPN Tunnel” on page 5-23).
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To test the Gateway A FVG318 LAN and the Gateway B LAN connection:
1. Using our example, from a PC attached to the FVG318 on LAN A, on a Windows PC click the
Start button on the task bar and then click Run.
2. Type ping -t 172.23.9.1, and then click OK.
3. This will cause a continuous ping to be sent to the LAN interface of Gateway B. Within two
minutes, the ping response should change from timed out to reply.
4. At this point the connection is established.
5. To test connectivity between the FVG318 Gateway A and Gateway B WAN ports, follow
these steps:
a. Using our example, log in to the FVG318 on LAN A and then select Monitoring >
Diagnostics from the menu.
b. To test connectivity to the WAN port of Gateway B, enter 22.23.24.25 in the IP Address
field in the Ping or Trace an IP Address section, and then click Ping.
c. This causes a ping to be sent to the WAN interface of Gateway B. Within two minutes, the
ping response should change from timed out to reply. You may have to run this test several
times before you get the reply message back from the target FVG318.
d. At this point the connection is established.
Note: If you want to ping the FVG318 as a test of network connectivity, be sure the
FVG318 is configured to respond to a ping on the Internet WAN port by
checking the check box. However, to preserve a high degree of security, you
should turn off this feature when you are finished with testing.
6. To view the FVG318 event log and status of Security Associations, follow these steps:
a. Select the Monitoring > VPN Logs to view the VPN Log Status of the FVG318 and go to
VPN > IPSec Connection Status to view the Active IPsec SA(s) policies.
b. The log screen displays a history of the VPN connections, and the IP Connection Status
screen will show the IPSec SA table that will report the status and data transmission
statistics of the VPN tunnels for each policy.
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VPN Consortium Scenario 2: FVG318 Gateway to Gateway with
Digital Certificates
The following is a typical gateway-to-gateway VPN that uses Public Key Infrastructure x.509
(PKIX) certificates for authentication. The network setup is identical to the one given in
WAN IP Address
Scenario 1. The IKE Phase 1 and Phase 2 parameters are identical to the ones given in Scenario 1,
with the exception that the identification is done with signatures authenticated by PKIX
certificates.
LAN IP Addresses
Note: Before completing this configuration scenario, make sure the correct Time Zone is
set on the FVG318. For instructions on this topic, see “Configuring Your Time
Zone” on page 2-11.
1. Obtain a root certificate.
a. Obtain the root certificate (that includes the public key) from a Certificate Authority (CA)
Note: The procedure for obtaining certificates differs from a CA like Verisign
and a CA such as a Windows 2000 certificate server, which an
organization operates for providing certificates for its members. For
example, an administrator of a Windows 2000 certificate server might
provide it to you via e-mail.
b. Save the certificate as a text file called trust.txt.
2. Install the trusted CA certificate for the Trusted Root CA.
a. Log in to the FVG318.
b. Select VPN > Certificates from the menu.
c. In the Self Certificate Requests section, click Browse to locate the trust.txt file.
d. Click Upload.
3. Create a certificate request for the FVG318.
e. Fill in the required fields on the Generate Self Certificate section.
•
•
Name. Enter a name to identify this certificate.
Subject. This is the name that other organizations will see as the holder (owner) of this
certificate. This should be your registered business name or official company name.
Generally, all certificates should have the same value in the Subject field.
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•
•
•
Hash Algorithm. Select the desired option: MD5 or SHA1.
Signature Algorithm. Select the desired option: DSS or RSA.
Signature Key Length. Select the desired option: 512, 1024, or 2048.
f. Fill in any optional fields on the Add Self Certificate screen that may apply.
•
•
•
IP Address. If you use “IP type” in the IKE policy, you should input the IP Address
here. Otherwise, you should leave this blank.
Domain Name. If you have a domain name, you can enter it here. Otherwise, you
should leave this blank.
E-mail address. You can enter your e-mail address here.
Figure 6-10
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g. Click Generate The FVG318 generates a pending Self Certificate Request as shown
below. Click view to display the data.
Highlight, copy, and
paste this data into a
text file.
Figure 6-11
4. Transmit the Self Certificate Request data to the Trusted Root CA.
a. Highlight the text in the Data to supply to CA area, copy it, and paste it into a text file.
b. Give the certificate request data to the CA. In the case of a Windows 2000 internal CA,
you might simply e-mail it to the CA administrator. The procedures of a CA like Verisign
and a CA such as a Windows 2000 certificate server administrator will differ. Follow the
procedures of your CA.
5. Receive the certificate back from the Trusted Root CA and save it as a text file.
Note: In the case of a Windows 2000 internal CA, the CA administrator might simply
email it to back to you. Follow the procedures of your CA. Save the certificate
you get back from the CA as a text file called final.txt.
6. Upload the new certificate.
c. Select the checkbox of the Self Certificate Request you want to upload.
d. Browse to the location of the file you saved in Step 5 above that contains the certificate
from the CA.
e. Click Upload button.
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f. The “FVG318” certificate will display in the Active Self Certificates table and the pending
“FVG318” Self Certificate Request will be deleted.
7. Associate the new certificate and the Trusted Root CA certificate on the FVG318.
a. Create a new IKE policy called Scenario_2 with all the same properties of Scenario_1,
except now select the RSA Signature radio box instead of the Pre-shared key.
b. Create a new VPN Auto Policy called scenario2a with all the same properties as
scenario1a except that it uses the IKE policy called Scenario_2.
Now, the traffic from devices within the range of the LAN subnet addresses on FVG318 A and
Gateway B will be authenticated using the certificates rather than via a pre-shared key.
8. Set up Certificate Revocation List (CRL) checking.
a. Get a copy of the CRL from the CA and save it as a text file.
Note: The procedure for obtaining a CRL differs from a CA like Verisign and a
CA such as a Windows 2000 certificate server, which an organization
operates for providing certificates for its members. Follow the procedures
of your CA.
b. Select VPN > Certificates from the main menu and scroll down to the Certificate
Revocation Lists (CRL) section.
c. Click Browse to locate the CRL file.
d. Click Upload. The CRL will be uploaded to the Certificate Revocation Lists (CRL) table.
Now expired or revoked certificates will not be allowed to use the VPN tunnels managed by
IKE policies which use this CA.
Note: You must update the CRLs regularly in order to maintain the validity of the
certificate-based VPN policies.
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Chapter 7
Maintenance
This chapter describes how to use the maintenance features of your ProSafe 802.11g Wireless
VPN Firewall. These features can be found by selecting Monitoring > Router Status from the main
menu of the browser interface.
Viewing VPN Firewall Router Status Information
The Router Status menu provides status and usage information. From the main menu of the
browser interface, click Monitoring > Router Status to view this screen.
Figure 7-1
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This screen shows the following parameters:
Table 7-1. FVG318 Status fields
Field
System Name
Description
The System Name assigned to the firewall.
The firewall firmware version.
Firmware Version
Wireless Configuration
SSID:
The wireless settings of the router
The name of your wireless network. The default is NETGEAR.
Mode
Security Settings
Shows what security has been associated with the wireless configuration. The
default is none
Region
Channel
Shows the region is which the wireless gateway is operating
Indicates the operating channel of the wireless radio.
The MAC address of the wireless access point.
AP MAC Address
WAN Port
WAN State
NAT
These parameters apply to the Internet (WAN) port of the firewall.
Indicates if the WAN port is up or down.
Indicates if the router is in NAT mode (enabled) or in routing mode (disabled).
DHCP
The protocol on the WAN port used to obtain the WAN IP address. This field
can show DHCP Client, Fixed IP, PPPoE, BPA or PPTP. For example, if set to
Client, the firewall is configured to obtain an IP address dynamically from the
ISP.
Connection State
IP Address
Indicates if the WAN port is connected or not.
The IP address used by the Internet (WAN) port of the firewall. If no address is
shown, the firewall cannot connect to the Internet.
IP Subnet Mask
Gateway
The IP Subnet Mask being used by the Internet (WAN) port of the firewall.
Gateway address of the WAN port.
Primary DNS
Secondary DNS
DNS server IP address of the WAN port.
Secondary DNS server IP address of the WAN port (if not assigned, it will be
the same as the primary DNS server).
DHCP
The protocol on the WAN port used to obtain the WAN IP address. This field
can show DHCP Client, Fixed IP, PPPoE, BPA or PPTP. For example, if set to
Client, the firewall is configured to obtain an IP address dynamically from the
ISP.
MAC Address
LAN Port
The MAC address used by the Internet (WAN) port of the firewall.
These parameters apply to the Local (WAN) port of the firewall.
The MAC address used by the LAN port of the firewall.
MAC Address
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Table 7-1. FVG318 Status fields
Field
IP Address
Description
The IP address used by the Local (LAN) port of the firewall. The default is
192.168.0.1
IP Subnet Mask
DHCP
The IP Subnet Mask used by the Local (LAN) port of the firewall. The default is
255.255.255.0
Identifies if the firewall’s built-in DHCP server is active for the LAN attached
devices.
Click Show Statistics to display the WAN connection status,
Figure 7-2
This screen shows the data transfer statistics for the WAN and LAN ports, including the duration
they were enabled. The following data is displayed:.
Table 7-2. Connection Status fields
Field
Description
Tx packets
Rx Packets
Collisions
The number of IP packets going out through the port.
The number of IP packets received by the port.
The number of signal collisions that have occurred on the part. (A collision occurs
when the port tries to send data at the same time as a port on another router or
computer that is connected to this port.
Tx/Bs
Rx/Bs
Uptime
The number of bytes going out of the port per second
The number of bytes received by the port per second.
The duration the port as been active; the uptime is reset to zero when the router or port
is restarted.
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Upgrading the Firewall Software
The routing software of the FVG318 VPN firewall is stored in FLASH memory, and can be
upgraded as new software is released by NETGEAR. Upgrade files can be downloaded from
NETGEAR's Web site. If the upgrade file is compressed (.zip file), you must first extract the
binary (.bin) file before sending it to the firewall. The upgrade file can be sent to the firewall using
your browser.
Note: The Web browser used to upload new firmware into the VPN firewall must support
HTTP uploads. NETGEAR recommends using Microsoft Internet Explorer or
Netscape Navigator 5.0 or above.
Select Administration > Settings Backup & Upgrade from the main menu of the browser interface.
The Settings Backup and Firmware Upgrade screen will display.
Figure 7-3
To upload new firmware:
1. Download and unzip the new software file from NETGEAR and save it to a location on your
local drive.
2. In the Router Upgrade section, click Browse and then browse to the location of the binary
(.bin) upgrade file on you local drive.
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3. Highlight the file and click Upload.
Note: When uploading software to the VPN firewall, it is important not to interrupt
the Web browser by closing the window, clicking a link, or loading a new page.
If the browser is interrupted, it may corrupt the software. When the upload is
complete, your firewall will automatically restart. The upgrade process will
typically take about 1 minute.
In some cases, you may need to reconfigure the firewall after upgrading.
Backing Up and Restoring Settings
The configuration settings of the VPN firewall are stored within the firewall in a configuration file.
This file can be saved (backed up) to a user’s PC, retrieved (restored) from the user’s PC, or
cleared to factory default settings.
You can use the Backup/Restore Settings section of the Settings Backup and Firmware Upgrade
screen shown in Figure 7-3 to back up your configuration in a file, restore from that file, or revert
to the factory default configuration settings.
To backup and restore your configuration:
1. Click Backup. Your browser will extract the configuration file from the firewall and prompt
you for a location on your PC to store the file. You can give the file a meaningful name at this
time, such as sanjose.cfg.
2. Click Browse to locate your backup file. When you have located it, click Restore to send the
file to the firewall. The firewall will then reboot automatically.
It is sometimes desirable to restore the firewall to a known blank condition. To erase the
configuration and revert to the factory default settings, click default. After reverting to the factory
default setting, the firewall password will be password, the LAN IP address will be 192.168.0.1,
and the firewall DHCP client will be enabled.
To restore the factory default configuration settings without knowing the login password or IP
address, you must use the reset button on the rear panel of the firewall. See “Restoring the Default
Configuration and Password” on page 9-6.
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Changing the Administrator Password
The default password for the firewall’s Web Configuration Manager is password. NETGEAR
recommends that you change this password to a more secure password.
Select Administration > Set Password to display the Set Password screen..
Figure 7-4
You can change the password for both the Administrator and Guest settings.
To change the password:
1. Select the radio button for the password you want to change: either Edit Admin Settings or
Edit Guest Settings.
2. Enter a new User Name to change the login User Name. If no User Name change is required,
leave this as is.
3. Enter the old password first, and then enter the new password twice and click Apply. \
To change the login idle timeout, change the number of minutes and click Apply.
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Chapter 8
Advanced Configuration
This chapter describes how to configure the advanced features of your ProSafe 802.11g Wireless
VPN Firewall FVG318.
Configuring Dynamic DNS
If your network has a permanently assigned IP address, you can register a domain name and have
that name linked with your IP address by public Domain Name Servers (DNS). However, if your
Internet account uses a dynamically assigned IP address, you will not know in advance what your
IP address will be, and the address can change frequently. In this case, you can use a commercial
dynamic DNS service, which will allow you to register your domain to their IP address, and will
forward traffic directed to your domain to your frequently-changing IP address.
The firewall contains a client that can connect to a dynamic DNS service provider. To use this
feature, you must select a service provider and obtain an account with them. After you have
configured your account information in the firewall, whenever your ISP-assigned IP address
changes, your firewall will automatically contact your dynamic DNS service provider, log in to
your account, and register your new IP address.
1. Log in to the firewall at its default LAN address of http://192.168.0.1 with its default user
name of admin, default password of password, or using whatever password and LAN address
you have chosen for the firewall.
2. Select Network Configuration > Dynamic DNS on the main menu of the browser interface.
The Dynamic DNS screen will display.
3. Access the Web site of one of the dynamic DNS service providers whose names appear in the
menu, and register for an account.
4. Select the name of your dynamic DNS Service Provider.
5. Type the host and domain name that your dynamic DNS provider gave you. This will look like
a URL, such as myName.dyndns.org.
6. Type the user name for your dynamic DNS account.
7. Type the password (or key) for your dynamic DNS account.
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8. If your dynamic DNS provider allows the use of wildcards in resolving your URL, you may
select the Use wildcards check box to activate this feature.
For example, the wildcard feature will cause *.yourhost.dyndns.org to be aliased to the same
IP address as yourhost.dyndns.org
9. Click Apply to save your configuration.
Note: If your ISP assigns a private WAN IP address such as 192.168.x.x or 10.x.x.x, the
dynamic DNS service will not work because private addresses will not be routed
on the Internet.
Using the LAN IP Setup Options
The LAN IP Setup menu allows configuration of LAN IP services such as DHCP. Select Network
Configuration > LAN Setup to view the screen shown below
Figure 8-1
Configuring LAN TCP/IP Setup Parameters
The firewall is shipped preconfigured to use private IP addresses on the LAN side, and to act as a
DHCP server. The firewall’s default LAN IP configuration is:
•
•
LAN IP addresses: 192.168.0.1
Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0
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These addresses are part of the IETF-designated private address range for use in private networks,
and should be suitable in most applications. If your network has a requirement to use a different IP
addressing scheme, you can make those changes in this menu.
The LAN IP parameters are:
•
•
IP Address. This is the LAN IP address of the firewall.
IP Subnet Mask. This is the LAN Subnet Mask of the firewall. Combined with the IP address,
the IP Subnet Mask allows a device to know which other addresses are local to it, and which
must be reached through a gateway or firewall.
Note: If you change the LAN IP address of the firewall while connected through the
browser, you will be disconnected. You must then open a new connection to the
new IP address and log in again.
Using the Firewall as a DHCP server
By default, the firewall functions as a DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server,
the firewall’s LAN. The assigned default gateway address is the LAN address of the firewall. IP
addresses will be assigned to the attached PCs from a pool of addresses specified in this menu.
Each pool address is tested before it is assigned to avoid duplicate addresses on the LAN.
For most applications, the default DHCP and TCP/IP settings of the firewall are satisfactory. See
“Preparing a Computer for Network Access” in Appendix B, “Related Documents” for an
explanation of DHCP and information about how to assign IP addresses for your network.
If another device on your network will be the DHCP server, or if you will manually configure the
network settings of all of your computers, clear the Use router as DHCP server check box.
Otherwise, leave it checked.
To specify the pool of IP addresses to be assigned, set the Starting IP Address and Ending IP
Address. These addresses should be part of the same IP address subnet as the firewall’s LAN IP
address. Using the default addressing scheme, you should define a range between 192.168.0.2 and
192.168.0.100, although you may wish to save part of the range for devices with fixed addresses.
The firewall will deliver the following parameters to any LAN device that requests DHCP:
•
•
•
An IP address from the range you have defined
Subnet mask
Gateway IP address (the firewall’s LAN IP address)
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•
•
Primary DNS server (if you entered a primary DNS address in the WAN Settings menu;
otherwise, the firewall’s LAN IP address)
Secondary DNS server (if you entered a secondary DNS address in the WAN Settings menu
Using Address Reservation
When you specify a reserved IP address for a PC on the LAN, that PC will always receive the
same IP address each time it accesses the firewall’s DHCP server. Reserved IP addresses should be
assigned to servers that require permanent IP settings.
To reserve an IP address:
1. Click the LAN Groups tab.
2. In the Add Known PCs and Devices section, enter a name for the PC in the Name field so that
it is easily recognizable.
3. From the IP Address Type pull-down menu, select Reserved (DHCP Client).
4. Type the IP address to assign to the PC or server.
(Choose an IP address from the firewall’s LAN subnet, such as 192.168.0.X.)
5. Type the MAC Address of the PC or server.
6. Click Apply to enter the reserved address into the table.
Note: The reserved address will not be assigned until the next time the PC contacts
the firewall’s DHCP server. Reboot the PC or access its IP configuration and
force a DHCP release and renew.
To edit or delete a reserved address entry:
1. Click Edit next to the reserved address you want to edit or delete and edit the fields on the Edit
Known PC and Device screen. Click Apply.
2. Select the checkbox adjacent to the IP address you want to delete and click Delete.
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Configuring Static Routes
Static Routes provide additional routing information to your firewall. Under normal
circumstances, the firewall has adequate routing information after it has been configured for
Internet access, and you do not need to configure additional static routes. You must configure
static routes only for unusual cases such as multiple firewalls or multiple IP subnets located on
your network.
Select Network Configuration > Routing to view the Static Route table shown on the Routing
screen below.
Figure 8-2
To add a Static Route:
1. Click Add to open the Add screen shown below.
Figure 8-3
2. Type a route name for this static route in the Route Name box.
(This is for identification purpose only.)
3. Select Private if you want to limit access to the LAN only. The static route will not be reported
in RIP. You must also select LAN from the Interface pull-down menu.
4. Select Active to make this route effective.
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5. Type the Destination IP Address of the final destination.
6. Type the IP Subnet Mask for this destination.
If the destination is a single host, type 255.255.255.255.
7. Type the Gateway IP Address, which must be a firewall on the same LAN segment as the
firewall.
8. Type a number between 1 and 15 as the Metric value.
This represents the number of firewalls between your network and the destination. Usually, a
setting of 2 or 3 works, but if this is a direct connection, set it to 1.
9. Click Apply to have the static route entered into the table as shown below.
Figure 8-4
To edit the static route entry, click Edit.
Configuring RIP
.RIP (Routing Information Protocol, RFC 2453) is an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) that is
commonly used in internal networks. It allows a router to exchange routing information
automatically with other routers, and allows it to dynamically adjust its routing tables and adapt to
changes in the network.
Note: RIP is disabled by default.
To enable RIP:
1. Click the RIP Configuration link on the Routing screen (shown in Figure 8-4 above).The
RIP Configuration screen will display
2. Select the RIP Direction.The RIP Direction selection controls how the firewall sends and
receives RIP packets. Both is the default.
–
When set to Both or Out Only, the firewall broadcasts its routing table periodically.
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–
–
When set to Both or In Only, it incorporates the RIP information that it receives.
When set to None, it will not send any RIP packets and ignores any RIP packets received.
3. Enable the RIP Version. This controls the format and the broadcasting method of the RIP
packets that the firewall sends. (It recognizes both formats when receiving.)
–
RIP-1 is universally supported. RIP-1 is probably adequate for most networks, unless you
have an unusual network setup.
–
–
–
RIP-2 carries more information.
RIP-2B uses subnet broadcasting.RIP-2B broadcasts data in the entire subnet.
RIP-2M sends data to multicast addresses.
4. If authentication is required for RIP 2B/2M:
–
–
Select the Yes radio box.
Input the MD-5 keys and Effective Start and End dates for the First and Second Keys for
MD5 based authentication between routers.
Figure 8-5
5. Click Apply.
Static Route Example
As an example of when a static route is needed, consider the following case:
•
Your primary Internet access is through a cable modem to an ISP.
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•
•
You have an ISDN firewall on your home network for connecting to the company where you
are employed. This firewall’s address on your LAN is 192.168.0.100.
Your company’s network is 134.177.0.0.
When you first configured your firewall, two implicit static routes were created. A default route
was created with your ISP as the gateway, and a second static route was created to your local
network for all 192.168.0.x addresses. With this configuration, if you attempt to access a device on
the 134.177.0.0 network, your firewall will forward your request to the ISP. The ISP forwards your
request to the company where you are employed, and the request will likely be denied by the
company’s firewall.
In this case you must define a static route, telling your firewall that 134.177.0.0 should be accessed
through the ISDN firewall at 192.168.0.100. The static route would look like Figure 8-4.
In this example:
•
The Destination IP Address and IP Subnet Mask fields specify that this static route applies to
all 134.177.x.x addresses.
•
The Gateway IP Address fields specifies that all traffic for these addresses should be
forwarded to the ISDN firewall at 192.168.0.100.
•
•
A Metric value of 1 will work since the ISDN firewall is on the LAN.
Private is selected only as a precautionary security measure in case RIP is activated.
Enabling Remote Management Access
Using the Remote Management page, you can allow a user or users on the Internet to configure,
upgrade and check the status of your FVG318 VPN firewall.
Note: Be sure to change the firewall’s default configuration password to a very secure
password. The ideal password should contain no dictionary words from any
language, and should be a mixture of letters (both upper and lower case), numbers,
and symbols. Your password can be up to 30 characters.
To configure your firewall for Remote Management:
1. Select Administration > Remote Management from the main menu. The Remote Management
screen will display.
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Figure 8-6
2. Select the Yes radio box for Allow Remote Management.
•
Specify what external addresses will be allowed to access the firewall’s remote
management.
Note: For enhanced security, restrict access to as few external IP addresses as
practical.
•
•
To allow access from any IP address on the Internet, select Everyone.
To allow access from a range of IP addresses on the Internet, select IP address range.
Enter a beginning and ending IP address to define the allowed range.
•
To allow access from a single IP address on the Internet, select Only this PC.
Enter the IP address that will be allowed access.
3. Specify the Port Number that will be used for accessing the management interface.
Web browser access normally uses the standard HTTP service port 80. For greater security,
you can change the remote management web interface to a custom port by entering that
number in the box provided. Choose a number between 1024 and 65535, but do not use the
number of any common service port. The default is 8080, which is a common alternate for
HTTP.
4. Click Apply to have your changes take effect.
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Tip: If you are using a dynamic DNS service such as TZO, you can always identify
the IP address of your FVG318 by running TRACERT from the Windows Start
menu Run option. For example, type tracert yourFVG318.mynetgear.net and
you will see the IP address your ISP assigned to the FVG318.
SNMP Administration
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) lets you monitor and manage your router from an
SNMP Manager. SNMP provides a remote means to monitor and control network devices, and to
manage configurations, statistics collection, performance, and security. The router supports the
SNMPv2c protocol version and can send traps to a specified community.
Select Administration > SNMP to access the SNMP screen shown below:
Figure 8-7
The SNMP Configuration table lists the IP addresses of SNMP agents to which the router will send
trap messages. The following are present in the table:
•
•
•
•
IP Address: The IP address of the SNMP manager or trap agent.
Subnet Mask: The network mask used to determine the list of allowed SNMP managers.
Port: The SNMP trap port of the IP address to which, the trap messages will be sent.
Community: The community string to which the agent belongs. Most agents are configured to
listen for traps in the Public community.
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To create a new SNMP configuration entry:
1. Enter the IP address of an SNMP trap agent.
2. Enter the Subnet Mask. The network mask used to determine the list of allowed SNMP
managers.
•
•
•
To allow any IP on the network to manager the device, enter 255.255.255.0.
For a specific host, enter 255.255.255.255.
To allow global access, enter 0.0.0.0.
3. Enter the SNMP trap port to which the trap messages will be sent.
4. Enter the community string to which the agent belongs. Most agents are configured to listen
for traps in the Public community.
5. Click Add to create the new configuration. The configuration will be displayed in the SNMP
Configuration table.
To Edit or modify the selected configuration.
1. Click Edit adjacent to the entry you want to modify. The Edit SNMP Configuration screen
will display.
2. After making any modifications, click Apply. Your changes will display in the SNMP
Configuration table.
To view current SNMP System Information for the router:
1. Click the SNMP System Info link at the top right of the SNMP screen. The SNMP System
Information screen displays the current SNMP configuration of the router.
2. The following MIB (Management Information Base) fields are displayed and be modified:
•
•
•
SysContact: The name of the contact person for this router. Examples: admin, John Doe.
SysLocation: The physical location of the router: Example: Rack #2, 4th Floor.
SysName: A name given for easy identification of the router.
3. Click Apply to save any changes made to SNMP System Information for this router.
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Enabling Universal Plug and Play (UPnP)
UPnP (Universal Plug and Play) allows for automatic discovery of devices that can communicate
with this router. This feature should be used with caution as it breaches firewall security. Select
Security > UPnP to display the UPnP screen.
Figure 8-8
To enable UPnP:
1. Select the Yes radio box for Do you want to enable UPnP? to enable UPnP. If disabled, the
router will not allow for automatic device configuration.
2. Enter an Advertisement Period, in minutes, for how often this wireless gateway should
broadcast its UPnP information to all devices within range.
3. Enter an Advertisement Time to Live, expressed in hops, for each UPnP packet. (This is the
number of steps a packet is allowed to propagate before being discarded. Small values will
limit the UPnP broadcast range (recommended).)
4. Click Apply to save your changes.
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Chapter 9
Troubleshooting
This chapter gives information about troubleshooting your ProSafe 802.11g Wireless VPN
Firewall. After each problem description, instructions are provided to help you diagnose and solve
the problem.
Basic Functioning
After you turn on power to the firewall, the following sequence of events should occur:
1. When power is first applied, verify that the PWR LED is on.
2. After approximately 30 seconds, verify that:
a. The TEST LED is not lit.
b. The LAN port LEDs are lit for any local ports that are connected.
c. The Internet port LED is lit.
If a port’s LED is lit, a link has been established to the connected device. If a LAN port is
connected to a 100 Mbps device, verify that the port’s LED is green. If the port is 10 Mbps, the
LED will be green.
If any of these conditions does not occur, refer to the appropriate following section.
Power LED Not On
If the Power and other LEDs are off when your firewall is turned on:
•
Make sure that the power cord is properly connected to your firewall and that the power
supply adapter is properly connected to a functioning power outlet.
•
Check that you are using the 12 V DC power adapter supplied by NETGEAR for this product.
If the error persists, you have a hardware problem and should contact technical support.
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LEDs Never Turn Off
When the firewall is turned on, the LEDs turn on briefly and then turn off. If all the LEDs stay on,
there is a fault within the firewall.
If all LEDs are still on one minute after power up:
•
•
Cycle the power to see if the firewall recovers.
Clear the firewall’s configuration to factory defaults. This will set the firewall’s IP address to
192.168.0.1. This procedure is explained in “Restoring the Default Configuration and
Password” on page 9-6.
If the error persists, you might have a hardware problem and should contact technical support.
LAN or Internet Port LEDs Not On
If either the LAN LEDs or Internet LED do not light when the Ethernet connection is made, check
the following:
•
Make sure that the Ethernet cable connections are secure at the firewall and at the hub or
workstation.
•
•
Make sure that power is turned on to the connected hub or workstation.
Be sure you are using the correct cable:
When connecting the firewall’s Internet port to a cable or DSL modem, use the cable that was
supplied with the cable or DSL modem. This cable could be a standard straight-through
Ethernet cable or an Ethernet crossover cable.
Troubleshooting the Web Configuration Interface
If you are unable to access the firewall’s Web Configuration interface from a PC on your local
network, check the following:
•
Check the Ethernet connection between the PC and the firewall as described in the previous
section.
•
Make sure your PC’s IP address is on the same subnet as the firewall. If you are using the
recommended addressing scheme, your PC’s address should be in the range of 192.168.0.2 to
192.168.0.254.
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Note: If your PC’s IP address is shown as 169.254.x.x: Recent versions of Windows and
MacOS will generate and assign an IP address if the computer cannot reach a DHCP server.
range, check the connection from the PC to the firewall and reboot your PC.
•
•
If your firewall’s IP address has been changed and you don’t know the current IP address,
clear the firewall’s configuration to factory defaults. This will set the firewall’s IP address to
192.168.0.1. This procedure is explained in “Restoring the Default Configuration and
Password” on page 9-6.
Make sure your browser has Java, JavaScript, or ActiveX enabled. If you are using Internet
Explorer, click Refresh to be sure the Java applet is loaded.
•
•
Try quitting the browser and launching it again.
Make sure you are using the correct login information. The factory default login name is
admin and the password is password. Make sure that CAPS LOCK is off when entering this
information.
If the firewall does not save changes you have made in the Web Configuration Interface, check the
following:
•
When entering configuration settings, be sure to click the Apply button before moving to
another menu or tab, or your changes are lost.
•
Click the Refresh or Reload button in the Web browser. The changes may have occurred, but
the Web browser may be caching the old configuration.
Troubleshooting the ISP Connection
If your firewall is unable to access the Internet, you should first determine whether the firewall is
able to obtain a WAN IP address from the ISP. Unless you have been assigned a static IP address,
your firewall must request an IP address from the ISP. You can determine whether the request was
successful using the Web Configuration Manager.
To check the WAN IP address:
1. Launch your browser and select an external site such as http://www.netgear.com
2. Access the main menu of the firewall’s configuration at http://192.168.0.1
3. Under the Maintenance heading, select Router Status
4. Check that an IP address is shown for the WAN Port
If 0.0.0.0 is shown, your firewall has not obtained an IP address from your ISP.
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If your firewall is unable to obtain an IP address from the ISP, you may need to force your cable or
DSL modem to recognize your new firewall by performing the following procedure:
1. Turn off power to the cable or DSL modem.
2. Turn off power to your firewall.
3. Wait five minutes and reapply power to the cable or DSL modem.
4. When the modem’s LEDs indicate that it has reacquired sync with the ISP, reapply power to
your firewall.
If your firewall is still unable to obtain an IP address from the ISP, the problem may be one of the
following:
•
Your ISP may require a login program.
Ask your ISP whether they require PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE) or some other type of login.
•
•
If your ISP requires a login, you may have incorrectly set the login name and password.
Your ISP may check for your PC's host name.
Assign the PC Host Name of your ISP account as the Account Name in the Basic Settings
menu.
•
Your ISP only allows one Ethernet MAC address to connect to Internet, and may check for
your PC’s MAC address. In this case:
Inform your ISP that you have bought a new network device, and ask them to use the firewall’s
MAC address.
OR
Configure your firewall to spoof your PC’s MAC address. This can be done in the Basic
Settings menu. Refer to “Manually Configuring your Internet Connection” on page 2-7.
If your firewall can obtain an IP address, but your PC is unable to load any Web pages from the
Internet:
•
Your PC may not recognize any DNS server addresses.
A DNS server is a host on the Internet that translates Internet names (such as www addresses)
to numeric IP addresses. Typically your ISP will provide the addresses of one or two DNS
servers for your use. Alternatively, you may configure your PC manually with DNS addresses,
as explained in your operating system documentation.
•
Your PC may not have the firewall configured as its TCP/IP gateway.
If your PC obtains its information from the firewall by DHCP, reboot the PC and verify the
gateway address.
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Troubleshooting a TCP/IP Network Using a Ping Utility
Most TCP/IP terminal devices and firewalls contain a ping utility that sends an echo request packet
to the designated device. The device then responds with an echo reply. Troubleshooting a TCP/IP
network is made very easy by using the ping utility in your PC or workstation.
Testing the LAN Path to Your Firewall
You can ping the firewall from your PC to verify that the LAN path to your firewall is set up
correctly.
To ping the firewall from a PC running Windows 95 or later:
1. From the Windows toolbar, click the Start button and select Run.
2. In the field provided, type ping followed by the IP address of the firewall, as in this example:
ping 192.168.0.1
3. Click on OK.
You should see a message like this one:
Pinging <IP address> with 32 bytes of data
If the path is working, you see this message:
Reply from < IP address >: bytes=32 time=NN ms TTL=xxx
If the path is not working, you see this message:
If the path is not functioning correctly, you could have one of the following problems:
•
Wrong physical connections
–
Make sure the LAN port LED is on. If the LED is off, follow the instructions in “LAN
or Internet Port LEDs Not On” on page 9-2”.
–
Check that the corresponding Link LEDs are on for your network interface card and
for the hub ports (if any) that are connected to your workstation and firewall.
•
Wrong network configuration
–
Verify that the Ethernet card driver software and TCP/IP software are both installed
and configured on your PC or workstation.
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–
Verify that the IP address for your firewall and your workstation are correct and that
the addresses are on the same subnet.
Testing the Path from Your PC to a Remote Device
After verifying that the LAN path works correctly, test the path from your PC to a remote device.
From the Windows run menu, type:
PING -n 10 <IP address>
where <IP address> is the IP address of a remote device such as your ISP’s DNS server.
If the path is functioning correctly, replies as in the previous section are displayed. If you do not
receive replies:
•
Check that your PC has the IP address of your firewall listed as the default gateway. If the IP
configuration of your PC is assigned by DHCP, this information will not be visible in your
PC’s Network Control Panel. Verify that the IP address of the firewall is listed as the default
gateway.
•
Check to see that the network address of your PC (the portion of the IP address specified by
the netmask) is different from the network address of the remote device.
•
•
Check that your cable or DSL modem is connected and functioning.
If your ISP assigned a host name to your PC, enter that host name as the Account Name in the
Basic Settings menu.
•
Your ISP could be rejecting the Ethernet MAC addresses of all but one of your PCs. Many
broadband ISPs restrict access by only allowing traffic from the MAC address of your
broadband modem, but some ISPs additionally restrict access to the MAC address of a single
PC connected to that modem. If this is the case, you must configure your firewall to “clone” or
“spoof” the MAC address from the authorized PC. Refer to “Manually Configuring your
Internet Connection” on page 2-7.
Restoring the Default Configuration and Password
This section explains how to restore the factory default configuration settings, changing the
firewall’s administration password to password and the IP address to 192.168.0.1. You can erase
the current configuration and restore factory defaults in two ways:
•
Use the Revert to Factory default settings function of the firewall (see “Backing Up and
Restoring Settings” on page 7-5).
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•
Use the Reset button on the rear panel of the firewall. Use this method for cases when the
administration password or IP address are not known.
a. Press and hold the Reset button until the Test LED turns on and begins blinking (about 10
seconds).
b. Release the Reset button and wait for the firewall to reboot.
Problems with Date and Time
The E-Mail menu in the Content Filtering section displays the current date and time of day. The
VPN firewall uses the Network Time Protocol (NTP) to obtain the current time from one of
several Network Time Servers on the Internet. Each entry in the log is stamped with the date and
time of day. Problems with the date and time function can include:
•
Date shown is January 1, 2000. Cause: The firewall has not yet successfully reached a
Network Time Server. Check that your Internet access settings are configured correctly. If you
have just completed configuring the firewall, wait at least five minutes and check the date and
time again.
•
Time is off by one hour. Cause: The firewall does not automatically sense Daylight Savings
Time. In the E-Mail menu, check or uncheck the box marked Adjust for Daylight Savings
Time.
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Appendix A
Default Settings and Technical Specifications
Default Settings
You can use the reset button located on the front of your device to reset all settings to their factory
defaults. This is called a hard reset.
•
To perform a hard reset, push and hold the reset button for approximately 5 seconds (until the
TEST LED blinks rapidly). Your device will return to the factory configuration settings shown
in below. (The Factory Default Restore button on the rear panel is shown in the illustration
“The FVG318 Rear Panel” on page 1-6.)
•
Pressing the reset button for a shorter period of time will simply cause your device to reboot.
After you install the VPN firewall, use the procedures below to customize any of the settings to
better meet your networking needs.
Feature
Default Behavior
Router Login
User Login URL
http://192.168.0.1
admin
User Name (case sensitive)
Login Password (case sensitive)
password
Internet Connection
WAN MAC Address
WAN MTU Size
Port Speed
Use Default address
1500
AutoSense
Local Network (LAN)
Lan IP
192.168.0.1
255.255.255.0
None
Subnet Mask
RIP Direction
RIP Version
Disabled
None
RIP Authentication
DHCP Server
Enabled
Default Settings and Technical Specifications
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Feature
DHCP Starting IP Address
Default Behavior
192.168.0.2
192.168.0.100
Disabled
DHCP Ending IP Address
DMZ
Time Zone
GMT
Time Zone Adjusted for Daylight Saving Disabled
Time
SNMP
Firewall
Disabled
Inbound (communications coming in from Disabled (except traffic on port 80, the http port)
the Internet)
Outbound (communications going out to Enabled (all)
the Internet)
Source MAC filtering
Wireless
Disabled
SSID Name
NETGEAR
Disabled
Enabled
Autoa
Security
SSID Broadcast
Transmission Speed
Country/Region
United States (in North America; otherwise, varies by
region)
RF Channel
Operating Mode
Data Rate
11 until the region is selected
g and b until the region is selected
Best
Output Power
Full
Access Point
Enabled
Authentication Type
Open System
Wireless Card Access List for Access
Point Connections
All wireless stations allowed
a. Maximum Wireless signal rate derived from IEEE Standard 802.11 specifications. Actual throughput will vary.
Network conditions and environmental factors, including volume of network traffic, building materials and
construction, and network overhead, lower actual data throughput rate.
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Technical Specifications
This appendix provides technical specifications for the ProSafe 802.11g Wireless VPN Firewall.
Network Protocol and Standards Compatibility
Data and Routing Protocols:
TCP/IP, RIP-1, RIP-2, DHCP
PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE)
Power Adapter
North America:
United Kingdom, Australia:
Europe:
120V, 60 Hz, input
240V, 50 Hz, input
230V, 50 Hz, input
Japan:
100V, 50/60 Hz, input
12 V DC @ 1.2 A output, 18W maximum
All regions (output):
Physical Specifications
Dimensions:
Weight:
39.6 x 254 x 178 mm (1.6 x 10 x 7 in)
1.23 kg (2.72 lb)
Environmental Specifications
Operating temperature:
Operating humidity:
0° to 40° C (32º to 104º F)
90% maximum relative humidity, noncondensing
Electromagnetic Emissions
Meets requirements of:
FCC Part 15 Class B
VCCI Class B
EN 55 022 (CISPR 22), Class B
Interface Specifications
LAN:
10BASE-T or 100BASE-Tx, RJ-45
10BASE-T or 100BASE-Tx, RJ-45
WAN:
Default Settings and Technical Specifications
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Appendix B
Related Documents
This appendix provides links to reference documents you can use to gain a more complete
understanding of the technologies used in your NETGEAR product.
Document
Link
Windows XP and Vista Wireless
Configuration Utilities
Internet Networking and TCP/IP
Addressing
Wireless Communications
Preparing a Computer for
Network Access
Virtual Private Networking (VPN)
Glossary
Related Documents
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B-2
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Appendix C
VPN Configuration of NETGEAR FVG318
This case study follows the VPN Consortium interoperability profile guidelines (found at
This study covers the following situations:
•
•
•
•
FVS318v3 to FVS318v3 (see page C-3)
FVS318v3 to FVS318v2 (see page C-7)
FVS318v3 to FVL328 (see page C-10)
FVS318v3 to VPN Client (see page C-13)
Note: Product updates are available on the NETGEAR, Inc. Web site at
Case Study Overview
The procedure for configuring a VPN tunnel between two gateway endpoints is as follows:
1. Gather the network information
2. Configure gateway A
3. Configure gateway B
4. Activate the VPN tunnel
Gathering the Network Information
The configuration in this document follows the addressing and configuration mechanics defined
by the VPN Consortium. Gather all the necessary information before you begin the configuration
process. Verify whether the firmware is up to date, all of the addresses that will be necessary, and
all of the parameters that need to be set on both sides. Check that there are no firewall restrictions.
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Figure C-1
Configuring the Gateways
Configure each gateway:
1. Configure Gate A.
a. Log in to the router at Gateway A.
b. Use the VPN Wizard to configure this router.
Enter the requested information as prompted by the VPN Wizard:
•
•
•
Connection Name and Pre-Shared Key
Remote WAN IP address
Remote LAN IP Subnet: IP Address and Subnet Mask:
2. Repeat the above steps for Gateway B.
a. Log in to the router at Gateway B.
b. Use the VPN Wizard to configure this router.
Enter the requested information as prompted by the VPN Wizard.
Note: The WAN and LAN IP addresses must be unique at each end of the VPN tunnel.
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Note: The default log in address for the FVG318 router is http://192.168.0.1 with the
default user name of admin and default password of password. The login address
will change to the local LAN IP subnet address after you configure the router. The
user name and password will also change to the ones you have chosen to use in
your installation.
Activating the VPN Tunnel
You can activate the VPN tunnel by testing connectivity and viewing the VPN tunnel status
information as described in the following flowchart:
Start
Test Step 1
Ping Remote
Fail
Pass
LAN IP Address
Test Step 2
Ping Remote
Test Step 3
View VPN
Fail
Pass
WAN IP Address
Tunnel Status
End
Fix the
Fix the
Router Network
and then Retest
VPN Tunnel
and then Retest
Figure C-2
All traffic from the range of LAN IP addresses specified on the router at Gateway A and the router
at Gateway B will now flow over a secure VPN tunnel.
The FVG318-to-FVG318 Case
Table C-1. Policy Summary
VPN Consortium Scenario:
Type of VPN
Scenario 1
LAN-to-LAN or Gateway-to-Gateway
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Table C-1. Policy Summary
Security Scheme:
IP Addressing:
IKE with Preshared Secret/Key
NETGEAR-Gateway A
NETGEAR-Gateway B
Static IP address
Static IP address
Configuring the VPN Tunnel
This scenario assumes all ports are open on the FVG318.
FVG318
FVG318
Figure C-3
Use this scenario illustration and configuration screens as a model to build your configuration.
1. Log in to the FVG318 labeled Gateway A.
Log in at the default address of http://192.168.0.1 with the default user name of admin and
default password of password (or using whatever password and LAN address you have
chosen).
Note: Based on the network addresses used in this example, you would log in to the
LAN IP address of http://10.5.6.1 at Gateway A.
2. Use the VPN Wizard to configure the FVG318 at Gateway A.
•
•
Connection Name: Scenario_1 (in this example)
Pre-Shared Key: 12345678 (in this example), must be the same at both VPN tunnel
endpoints
•
•
Remote WAN IP address: 22.23.24.25 (in this example), must be unique at each VPN
tunnel endpoint
Remote LAN IP Subnet
–
IP Address: 172.23.9.1 (in this example), must be unique at each VPN tunnel endpoint
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–
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 (in this example)
3. Log in to the FVG318 labeled Gateway B.
Log in at the default address of http://192.168.0.1 with the default user name of admin and
default password of password (or using whatever password and LAN address you have
chosen).
Note: Based on the network addresses used in this example, you would log in to the
LAN IP address of http://172.23.9.1 at Gateway B
4. Repeat the process using the VPN Wizard to configure the FVG318 at Gateway B.
•
•
Connection Name: Scenario_1 (in this example)
Pre-Shared Key: 12345678 (in this example), must be the same at both VPN tunnel
endpoints
•
•
Remote WAN IP address: 14.15.16.17 (in this example), must be unique at each VPN
tunnel endpoint
Remote LAN IP Subnet
–
–
IP Address: 10.5.6.1 (in this example), must be unique at each VPN tunnel endpoint
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 (in this example)
All traffic from the range of LAN IP addresses specified on FVG318 A and FVG318 B will now
flow over a secure VPN tunnel once the VPN tunnel is initiated (see “Initiating and Checking the
VPN Connections” on page C-6).
Viewing and Editing the VPN Parameters
The VPN Wizard sets up a VPN tunnel using the default parameters from the VPN Consortium
(VPNC).
•
•
The Pre-Shared Key must be the same at both VPN tunnel endpoints.
The remote WAN and LAN IP addresses for one VPN tunnel endpoint will be the local WAN
and LAN IP addresses for the other VPN tunnel endpoint.
•
The VPN Wizard ensures the other VPN parameters are the same at both VPN tunnel
endpoints.
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Initiating and Checking the VPN Connections
You can test connectivity and view VPN status information on the FVG318 according to the
testing flowchart shown in Figure C-2. To test the VPN tunnel from the Gateway A LAN, do the
following:
1. Test 1: Ping Remote LAN IP Address: To establish the connection between the FVG318
Gateway A and Gateway B tunnel endpoints, perform these steps at Gateway A:
a. From a Windows PC attached to the FVG318 on LAN A, click the Start button on the task
bar and then click Run.
b. Type ping -t 172.23.9.1, and then click OK (you would type ping -t 10.5.6.1 if testing
from Gateway B).
c. This will cause a continuous ping to be sent to the LAN interface of Gateway B. Within
two minutes, the ping response should change from timed out to reply.
At this point the VPN-tunnel-endpoint-to-VPN-tunnel-endpoint connection is established.
2. Test 2: Ping Remote WAN IP Address (if Test 1 fails): To test connectivity between the
Gateway A and Gateway B WAN ports, follow these steps:
a. Log in to the router on LAN A, go to the main menu Maintenance section, and click the
Diagnostics link.
b. To test connectivity to the WAN port of Gateway B, enter 22.23.24.25, and then click
Ping (you would enter 14.15.16.17 if testing from Gateway B).
c. This causes a ping to be sent to the WAN interface of Gateway B. Within two minutes, the
ping response should change from timed out to reply. You may have to run this test several
times before you get the reply message back from the target FVG318.
d. At this point the gateway-to-gateway connection is verified.
3. Test 3: View VPN Tunnel Status: To view the FVG318 event log and status of Security
Associations, follow these steps:
a. Go to the FVG318 main menu VPN section and click the VPN Status link.
b. The log screen displays a history of the VPN connections, and the IPSec SA and IKE SA
tables report the status and data transmission statistics of the VPN tunnels for each policy.
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The FVG318-to-FVS318v2 Case
Table C-2. Policy Summary
VPN Consortium Scenario:
Type of VPN
Scenario 1
LAN-to-LAN or Gateway-to-Gateway
IKE with Preshared Secret/Key
November 2004
Security Scheme:
Date Tested:
IP Addressing:
NETGEAR-Gateway A
NETGEAR-Gateway B
Static IP address
Static IP address
Configuring the VPN Tunnel
This scenario assumes all ports are open on the FVG318 and FVS318v2.
FVG318
FVG318
Figure C-4
Use this scenario illustration and configuration screens as a model to build your configuration.
1. Log in to the FVG318 labeled Gateway A as in the illustration (Figure C-4).
Log in at the default address of http://192.168.0.1 with the default user name of admin and
default password of password (or using whatever password and LAN address you have
chosen).
Note: Based on the network addresses used in this example, you would log in to the
LAN IP address of http://10.5.6.1 at Gateway A.
Note:
2. Use the VPN Wizard to configure the FVG318 at Gateway A.
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•
•
Connection Name: Scenario_1 (in this example)
Pre-Shared Key: 12345678 (in this example), must be the same at both VPN tunnel
endpoints
•
•
Remote WAN IP address: 22.23.24.25 (in this example), must be unique at each VPN
tunnel endpoint
Remote LAN IP Subnet
–
–
IP Address: 172.23.9.1 (in this example), must be unique at each VPN tunnel endpoint
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 (in this example)
3. Log in to the FVS318v2 labeled Gateway B.
Log in at the default address of http://192.168.0.1 with the default user name of admin and
default password of password (or using whatever password and LAN address you have
chosen).
Note: Based on the network addresses used in this example, you would log in to the
LAN IP address of http://172.23.9.1 at Gateway B.
4. Repeat the process using the VPN Wizard to configure the FVS318v2 at Gateway B.
•
•
Connection Name: Scenario_1 (in this example)
Pre-Shared Key: 12345678 (in this example), must be the same at both VPN tunnel
endpoints
•
•
Remote WAN IP address: 14.15.16.17 (in this example), must be unique at each VPN
tunnel endpoint
Remote LAN IP Subnet
–
–
IP Address: 10.5.6.1 (in this example), must be unique at each VPN tunnel endpoint
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 (in this example)
All traffic from the range of LAN IP addresses specified on FVG318 A and FVG318 B will now
flow over a secure VPN tunnel once the VPN tunnel is initiated (see “Initiating and Checking the
VPN Connections” on page C-9).
Viewing and Editing the VPN Parameters
The VPN Wizard sets up a VPN tunnel using the default parameters from the VPN Consortium
(VPNC).
•
The Pre-Shared Key must be the same at both VPN tunnel endpoints.
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•
•
The remote WAN and LAN IP addresses for one VPN tunnel endpoint will be the local WAN
and LAN IP addresses for the other VPN tunnel endpoint.
endpoints.
Initiating and Checking the VPN Connections
You can test connectivity and view VPN status information on the FVG318 according to the
testing flowchart shown in Figure C-2. To test the VPN tunnel from the Gateway A LAN, do the
following:
1. Test 1: Ping Remote LAN IP Address: To establish the connection between the FVG318
Gateway A and FVS318v2 Gateway B tunnel endpoints, perform these steps at Gateway A:
a. From a Windows PC attached to the FVG318 on LAN A, click the Start button on the task
bar and then click Run.
b. Type ping -t 172.23.9.1, and then click OK (you would type ping -t 10.5.6.1 if testing
from Gateway B).
c. This will cause a continuous ping to be sent to the LAN interface of Gateway B. Within
two minutes, the ping response should change from timed out to reply.
At this point the VPN-tunnel-endpoint-to-VPN-tunnel-endpoint connection is established.
2. Test 2: Ping Remote WAN IP Address (if Test 1 fails): To test connectivity between the
Gateway A and Gateway B WAN ports, follow these steps:
a. Log in to the router on LAN A, go to the main menu Maintenance section, and click the
Diagnostics link.
b. To test connectivity to the WAN port of Gateway B, enter 22.23.24.25, and then click
Ping (you would enter 14.15.16.17 if testing from Gateway B).
c. This causes a ping to be sent to the WAN interface of Gateway B. Within two minutes, the
ping response should change from timed out to reply. You may have to run this test several
times before you get the reply message back from the target FVS318v2.
d. At this point the gateway-to-gateway connection is verified.
3. Test 3: View VPN Tunnel Status: To view the FVG318 VPN event logs, go to Monitoring >
VPN Logs; to view the status of Security Associations, go to the FVG318 VPN > Connection
Status. For the FVS318v2, click Show VPN Status from the Router Status screen.
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The FVG318-to-FVL328 Case
Table C-3. Policy Summary
VPN Consortium Scenario:
Type of VPN
Scenario 1
LAN-to-LAN or Gateway-to-Gateway
IKE with Preshared Secret/Key
Security Scheme:
IP Addressing:
NETGEAR-Gateway A
NETGEAR-Gateway B
Static IP address
Static IP address
Configuring the VPN Tunnel
This scenario assumes all ports are open on the FVG318 and FVL328.
FVG318
Figure C-5
Use this scenario illustration and configuration screens as a model to build your configuration.
1. Log in to the FVG318 labeled Gateway A.
Log in at the default address of http://192.168.0.1 with the default user name of admin and
default password of password (or using whatever password and LAN address you have
chosen).
Note: Based on the network addresses used in this example, you would log in to the
LAN IP address of http://10.5.6.1 at Gateway A.
2. Use the VPN Wizard to configure the FVG318 at Gateway A.
•
Connection Name: Scenario_1 (in this example)
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•
•
•
Pre-Shared Key: 12345678 (in this example), must be the same at both VPN tunnel
endpoints
Remote WAN IP address: 22.23.24.25 (in this example), must be unique at each VPN
tunnel endpoint
Remote LAN IP Subnet
–
–
IP Address: 172.23.9.1 (in this example), must be unique at each VPN tunnel endpoint
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 (in this example)
3. Log in to the FVL328 labeled Gateway B.
Log in at the default address of http://192.168.0.1 with the default user name of admin and
default password of password (or using whatever password and LAN address you have
chosen).
Note: Based on the network addresses used in this example, you would log in to the
LAN IP address of http://172.23.9.1 at Gateway B.
4. Repeat the process using the VPN Wizard to configure the FVL328 at Gateway B.
•
•
Connection Name: Scenario_1 (in this example)
Pre-Shared Key: 12345678 (in this example), must be the same at both VPN tunnel
endpoints
•
•
Remote WAN IP address: 14.15.16.17 (in this example), must be unique at each VPN
tunnel endpoint
Remote LAN IP Subnet
–
–
IP Address: 10.5.6.1 (in this example), must be unique at each VPN tunnel endpoint
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 (in this example)
All traffic from the range of LAN IP addresses specified on FVG318 A and FVL328 B will now
flow over a secure VPN tunnel once the VPN tunnel is initiated (see “Initiating and Checking the
VPN Connections” on page C-12).
Viewing and Editing the VPN Parameters
The VPN Wizard sets up a VPN tunnel using the default parameters from the VPN Consortium
(VPNC).
•
The Pre-Shared Key must be the same at both VPN tunnel endpoints.
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•
•
The remote WAN and LAN IP addresses for one VPN tunnel endpoint will be the local WAN
and LAN IP addresses for the other VPN tunnel endpoint.
endpoints.
Initiating and Checking the VPN Connections
You can test connectivity and view VPN status information on the FVG318 and FVL328
according to the testing flowchart shown in Figure C-2. To test the VPN tunnel from the Gateway
A LAN, do the following:
1. Test 1: Ping Remote LAN IP Address: To establish the connection between the FVG318
Gateway A and FVL328 Gateway B tunnel endpoints, perform these steps at Gateway A:
a. From a Windows PC attached to the FVG318 on LAN A, click the Start button on the task
bar and then click Run.
b. Type ping -t 172.23.9.1, and then click OK (you would type ping -t 10.5.6.1 if testing
from Gateway B).
c. This will cause a continuous ping to be sent to the LAN interface of Gateway B. Within
two minutes, the ping response should change from timed out to reply.
At this point the VPN-tunnel-endpoint-to-VPN-tunnel-endpoint connection is established.
2. Test 2: Ping Remote WAN IP Address (if Test 1 fails): To test connectivity between the
Gateway A and Gateway B WAN ports, follow these steps:
a. Log in to the router on LAN A, go to the main menu Maintenance section, and click the
Diagnostics link.
b. To test connectivity to the WAN port of Gateway B, enter 22.23.24.25, and then click
Ping (you would enter 14.15.16.17 if testing from Gateway B).
c. This causes a ping to be sent to the WAN interface of Gateway B. Within two minutes, the
ping response should change from timed out to reply. You may have to run this test several
times before you get the reply message back from the target FVL328.
d. At this point the gateway-to-gateway connection is verified.
3. Test 3: View VPN Tunnel Status: To view the FVG318 and FVL328 event log and status of
Security Associations; go to the FVG318 main menu and select VPN > Connection Status. For
the FVL328, click VPN Status on the VPN Status/Log screen.
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The FVG318-to-VPN Client Case
Table C-4. Policy Summary
VPN Consortium Scenario:
Type of VPN
Scenario 1
PC/Client-to-Gateway
IKE with Preshared Secret/Key
November 2004
Security Scheme:
Date Tested:
IP Addressing:
NETGEAR-Gateway A
NETGEAR-Client B
Static IP address
Dynamic IP address
Client-to-Gateway VPN Tunnel Overview
The operational differences between gateway-to-gateway and client-to-gateway VPN tunnels are
summarized as follows:
Table C-5. Differences between VPN tunnel types
Operation
Gateway-to-Gateway VPN Tunnels
Client-to-Gateway VPN Tunnels
Exchange Mode
Main Mode—The IP addresses of both Aggressive Mode—The IP address of
gateways are known (especially when
FQDN is used), so each gateway can
use the Internet source of the traffic for
validation purposes.
the client is not known in advance, so the
gateway is programmed to accept valid
traffic sourced from any Internet location
(i.e., less secure).
Direction/Type
Both Directions—Either end of the VPN Remote Access—The client end of the
tunnel may initiate traffic (usually).
VPN tunnel must initiate traffic because
its IP address is not know in advance,
which prevents the gateway end of the
VPN tunnel from initiating traffic.
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Configuring the VPN Tunnel
This scenario assumes all ports are open on the FVG318.
Figure C-6
Use this scenario illustration and configuration screens as a model to build your configuration.
1. Log in to the FVG318 labeled Gateway A
Log in at the default address of http://192.168.0.1 with the default user name of admin and
default password of password (or using whatever password and LAN address you have
chosen).
Note: Based on the network addresses used in this example, you would log in to the
LAN IP address of http://10.5.6.1 at Gateway A
2. Use the VPN Wizard to configure the FVG318 at Gateway A.:
•
•
Connection Name: Scenario_1 (in this example)
Pre-Shared Key: 12345678 (in this example), must be the same at both VPN tunnel
endpoints
•
Connection Type: A Remote VPN Client
3. Set up the VPN Client at Gateway B.
a. Right-mouse-click the ProSafe icon ( ) in the system tray and select the Security Policy
Editor. If you need to install the NETGEAR ProSafe VPN Client on your PC, consult the
documentation that came with your software.
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b. Add a new connection using the Edit/Add/Connection menu and rename it Scenario_1.
(Scenario_1 is used in this example to reflect the fact that the connection uses the Pre-
Shared Key security scheme and encryption parameters proposed by the VPN
Consortium, but you may want to choose a name for your connection that is meaningful to
your specific installation. The name you choose does not have to match the name used at
the gateway end of the VPN tunnel.)
Figure C-7
c. Program the Scenario_1 connection screen as follows (see Figure C-8):
•
•
Connection Security: Secure
Remote Party Identity and Addressing: Select IP Subnet from the ID Type menu and
then enter 10.5.6.1 for Subnet, 255.255.255.0 for Mask, and leave All for Protocol.
(The Subnet and Mask parameters entered here must match the Start IP address and
screen shown in Figure C-9 for the gateway router.)
•
•
Enable Connect Using Secure Gateway Tunnel; select Domain Name for ID_Type;
enter fvs_local for Domain Name; and enter 14.15.16.17 for Gateway IP Address.
(Domain Name must match the Local Identity Data parameter of the IKE Policy
Configuration screen shown in Figure C-8 for the gateway router. Also, Gateway IP
Address must match the WAN IP address of the gateway router shown in Figure C-8.)
Expand the Scenario_1 screen hierarchy by clicking the + sign in front of Scenario_1.
Then expand the rest of the screen hierarchies by clicking the rest of the + signs.
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Figure C-8
d. Select Security Policy on the left hierarchy menu and then select Aggressive Mode under
Select Phase 1 Negotiation Mode (see Figure C-9). (The Select Phase 1 Negotiation
Mode choice must match the Exchange Mode setting for the General IKE Policy
Configuration parameters shown in Figure C-9 for the gateway router.)
Figure C-9
Figure C-10):
•
Under My Identity, select None for Select Certificate (since we are using a Pre-
Shared Key in this scenario). Then enter 12345678 for the Pre-Shared Key value.
(The Preshared-Key value must match the value you entered in the VPN Wizard for
the gateway Pre-Shared Key value shown in Figure C-10.)
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•
Under My Identity, select Domain Name for the ID Type and then enter fvs_remote.
(Domain Name must match the Remote Identity Data parameter of the IKE Policy
Configuration screen shown in Figure C-10 for the gateway router.)
Preshared Key
must be the same
at both ends of the
VPN tunnel
Figure C-10
f. Verify the Authentication (Phase 1) and Key Exchange (Phase 1) Proposal 1 screen
parameters (see Figure C-11) match the IKE SA Parameters of the IKE Policy
Configuration screen shown in Figure C-11 for the gateway router.
Figure C-11
g. Save the Scenario_1 connection using Save under the File menu. You can also export the
connection parameters using Export Security Policy under the File menu.
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You are new ready to activate the tunnel, but you must do it from the client endpoint (see
the gateway router will not know the client’s IP address until the client initiates the traffic.
Initiating and Checking the VPN Connections
according to the testing flowchart shown in Figure C-2. To test the VPN tunnel from the Gateway
A LAN, do the following:
1. Test 1: Launch Scenario_1 Connection from Client PC: To check the VPN Connection, you
can initiate a request from the remote PC to the VPN router’s network by using the Connect
option in the VPN Client’s menu bar (see Figure C-12). Since the remote PC has a
dynamically assigned WAN IP address, it must initiate the request.
a. Open the popup menu by right-clicking on the system tray icon.
b. Select Connect to open the My Connections list.
c. Choose Scenario_1.
The VPN Client reports the results of the attempt to connect. Once the connection is
established, you can access resources of the network connected to the VPN router.
Alternative Ping Test: To perform a ping test as an alternative, start from the remote PC:
a. From a Windows Client PC, click the Start button on the task bar and then click Run.
b. Type ping -t 10.5.6.1, and then click OK.
c. This will cause a continuous ping to be sent to the LAN interface of Gateway A. Within
two minutes, the ping response should change from timed out to reply.
At this point the VPN-tunnel-endpoint-to-VPN-tunnel-endpoint connection is established.
Figure C-12
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2. Test 2: Ping Remote WAN IP Address (if Test 1 fails): To test connectivity between the
Gateway A and Gateway B WAN ports, follow these steps:
a. From a Windows Client PC, click the Start button on the task bar and then click Run.
b. Type ping -t 14.151.6.17, and then click OK.
c. This causes a ping to be sent to the WAN interface of Gateway A. Within two minutes, the
ping response should change from timed out to reply. You may have to run this test several
times before you get the reply message back from the target FVS318v3.
d. At this point the gateway-to-gateway connection is verified.
3. Test 3: View VPN Tunnel Status: To view the FVG318 event log and status of Security
Associations, go to the FVG318 main menu VPN section and click the VPN Status link. For
the For the VPN Client, click VPN Status on the VPN Status/Log screen.
a. Open the popup menu by right-clicking on the system tray icon.
b. Select Connection Monitor.
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